Scattering in the atmosphere of Venus: II. Effect of varying the scale height of the scattering particles

We have made calculations for the variation of equivalent width with phase angle (for a Venus-like atmosphere except that the cloud particles scatter isotropically). The effect of temperature variations, within our model atmosphere, is shown to be small. The effect of changing the scale height of the cloud relative to the scale height of the gas is much larger.     

Planetary isophotes as a clue to aerosol characteristics

A study was made to see how much information could be extracted from the Mariner 9 Mars isophotes taken at a phase angle of ～60°. We found that the Minneart functions and both isotropic and Rayleigh scattering could easily be ruled out, and that it was essential to use forward-peaked phase functions, which were computed from Mie theory. We could achieve isophotes similar to those observed assuming a semi-infinite dust cloud with a considerable variation in particle properties and size distribution, so long as the ratio of the multiply to singly scattered light was held within certain limits. These conditions are met by micron-sized, moderately absorbing mineral grains whose mean size should not be much larger than a micron. It was also found that a dust cloud of finite optical thickness bounded from below by a Lambert ground would fit the isophote data.     

CS2: Candidate for the 3150-Å Venus band

The 3150-Å absorption on Venus, found by Barker et al. (1975, J. Atmos. Sci.32), may be due to carbon disulfide. The stability and thermodynamics of the carbon chalcogenides are briefly discussed.     

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of ecological demonstration area

1IN TR O D U C TIO NEcologicaldem onstration area (ED A )isan authoritativenom ination by N ational Environm ental Protection A d-m inistration ofC hina,w hich firstbegan itsexperim entalconstruction ofED A in 1995 and w asprom ulgated "N a-tionalExam ina…     

Five-color photoelectric photometry of asteroid 433 Eros

Five-color photoelectric lightcurves of asteroid 433 Eros were obtained on 9 nights during the 1974/75 apparition. Although color differences due to changing solar phase angle were detected, color differences during a single rotation of Eros are less than 1%. Amplitudes of up to 1^m.44 were measured, and there are indications that three reversals in the relative depths of the two minima occured between late December 1974 and late January 1975. The absolute visual magnitude at primary maximum, corrected to zero phase and to one AU from Earth and Sun, is about V₀(1,0) = 10^m.8.     

Sediment density structure derived from textural analysis of cross-sectional X-radiographs

Two image texture analysis procedures, autocorrelation and binary run length, quantify the scales, orientation, and isotropy of density fluctuations imaged in X-radiographs of sediment cross sections from the Arafura Sea (Australia) and Eckernförde Bay (Germany). Image texture-based results agree with traditional bulk methods in some cases and disagree in others. Advantages of imagebased techniques over bulk methods are nonintrusiveness of the approach and the ability to produce more detailed characterizations of the spatial variability present in sediment structure. The image texture-based parameterizations of density structure are interpreted with respect to environmental processes.     

First record of three barracudina fishes (Aulopiformes: Teleostei) in Korean waters

Three barracudina fishes (Paralepididae) were newly recorded from the southern sea of Korea. Lestidium prolixum is characterized by a single band of luminous ducts on the midventral line and absence of a papilla anterior to the eye. Lestrolepis intermedia and L. japonica are similar in having a black papilla immediately in front of the eye and two bands of luminous ducts on the midventral line. However, the dorsal fin of L. intermedia is located more posterior along the body than that of L. japonica, and L. intermedia have larger number of anal fin rays 42 (vs. 36–40) and vertebrae 95 (vs. 86–87) than L. japonica.