电磁波CT技术在探测堤坝工程中的应用

应用电磁波CT探测技术对流溪何竹料段大堤和丰顺县虎局水库大坝渗水通道进行了探测研究，由于电磁波的吸收系数和地层结构有密切关系，因此，电磁波CT是通过能量的变化观测反演吸收系数的分布，进而推测地下构造的分布，利用电磁波的吸收系数为层析物理量，在钻孔中进行透射观测，以优于0.5m的分辨率清楚地揭示了测区内渗水层位的分布情况。     

南冲绳海槽沉积物中淡水硅藻的发现及1000年以来台风降雨的重建

利用主成分分析法对冲绳海槽南部MD05-2908孔近1000年来沉积物硅藻数据进行研究发现, MD05-2908孔各样品在主成分一上的得分情况与该孔淡水硅藻含量、夏季海水表层盐度变化以及台湾近1000年来的降水异常有良好的相关性, 因此, 各样品在主成分一上的得分可作为台湾东北部台风降雨指标, 用来指示台风强降雨事件对南冲绳海槽海洋环境的影响情况。近1000年来台湾东北部台风强降雨事件波动增加, 在1500~1800A.D. 期间达到峰值; 此外, 5次典型的强台风降雨记录, 分别发生于1040A.D.、1310A.D.、1530A.D.、1690A.D. 和1900A.D., 其平均重现周期为215年(160~270年)。利用MD05-2908孔各样品在主成分一上的得分重建的台风记录与广东、台湾等地已有的台风记录有较好的对应关系, 进一步验证了硅藻作为研究工具重建古台风记录的可行性。     

Noble Gas Diffusion Mechanism in Lunar Soil Simulant Grains:Results from ~4He~+ Implantation and Extraction Experiments

Experiments on ion implantation were performed in order to better characterize diffusion of noble gases in lunar soil.4He+ at 50 keV with 5×1016 ions/cm2 was implanted into lunar simulants and crystal ilmenite.Helium in the samples was released by stepwise heating experiments.Based on the data,we calculated the helium diffusion coefficient and activation energy.Lunar simulants display similar 4He release patterns in curve shape as lunar soil,but release temperatures are a little lower.This is probably a con...     

电子探针快速自动定量矿石中矿物的方法研究

利用电子探针、能谱仪、扫描电镜和计算机等一整套仪器,对组成矿石样品中有用矿物的含量进行定量统计。既能准确识别矿物又能精确统计各矿物在矿样中的面积百分含量(面积法)。     

Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.     

Fauna and standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, China

Freshwater mussels are a major component of the zoobenthos and they therefore play an important role in freshwater ecosystems. The community composition and the standing crop of freshwater mussels in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China and one of two lakes connected to the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, were investigated from February 2008 to May 2009. Mussels were sampled in hydrologically and geographically distinct sampling areas. A total of 42 species and 13 genera were identified, of which 32 species were endemic to China. Two species, Unio douglasiae and Lamprotula caveata, dominated all sampling areas. The number of genera and species, and the number of species within each genus, differed significantly among sampling areas. Freshwater mussels were very abundant, with an overall density of 0.28 ± 0.22 ind./m2 and biomass of 4.08 ± 3.96 g/m2. Significant variation observed among sampling areas and among genera was probably due to the variety of habitats among the areas sampled and to the adaptability of different freshwater mussels to environments. This study suggests that Poyang Lake and other freshwater lakes in the region are important sites of freshwater mussel biodiversity and conservation.     

Single electron loss in the collisions of C3 + and atomic hydrogen

This paper studies the projectile electron loss cross sections of C^{3 +} colliding with atomic hydrogen in the frame work of extended over-barrier model at intermediate velocities (25 keV/u--600 keV/u). The electron loss is calculated in terms of the interaction between the screened target nucleus and the active projectile electron and of the interaction between projectile electron and target electron. Compared with the convergent close-coupling calculations, screening and anti-screening calculations, this model satisfactorily reproduces the experimentally obtained energy dependence of the electron-impact ionisation cross sections and the single electron loss cross sections over the energy range investigated here.     

冰岛北部陆架末次冰消期以来基于硅藻的古环境记录

冰岛北部陆架MD99-2271孔沉积硅藻组合呈现暖水硅藻数量增加、冷水硅藻数量减少和这两类硅藻数量周期性此消彼长的特点,反映了气候在趋暖的背景下,冷暖交替的过程。通过该区温度指数Rw/wc值(暖水硅藻种含量与海冰种及暖水种含量总和的比值)的变化,重建了冰岛北部陆架古海洋环境:Blling-Allerd暖期时,暖水硅藻T.nitzschioides含量较高,表明印明格暖流对研究区的影响较强;随着暖水硅藻含量减少,海冰硅藻F.cylindrus和T.bulbosa的显著增加,此时暖流强度减弱,东格陵兰寒流明显增强,冰岛北部海域进入末次冰消期以来最冷的时期——Younger Dryas冷期。11cal.kaBP左右暖水硅藻T.nitzschioides和T.oestrupii数量急剧升高,表明该海域海洋环境发生了明显变化,并逐步向全新世大暖期过渡,此时冰岛北部陆架海域现代海洋格局基本形成。全新世大暖期时,硅藻群落表现为暖水种的显著增多,海冰、极地及冷水硅藻较之前明显减少,说明冰岛北部海域主要受北大西洋暖流的分支——印明格暖流的影响,海洋环境较温暖;6cal.kaBP之后东格陵兰寒流逐渐增强,冰岛北部海洋环境转冷,全新世大暖期结束。     

田阳县近50a降水变化趋势特征分析

利用气候倾向率及相关系数分析方法,对站田阳站1959～2008年的年、季降水量、降水日数作统计分析。结果发现,田阳站50a年、季降水量随时间变化总趋势平稳少变,年降水气候倾向率为3.09mm/10a;小雨、中雨量级降水日数气候倾向率呈负值,小雨日数50a趋减9d;大雨以上强降水气候倾向率呈正值,表明强降水日数趋增。     

Noble Gases in the Lunar Regolith

The most fundamental character of lunar soil is its high concentrations of solar-wind-implanted elements, and the concentrations and behavior of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe, which provide unique and extensive information about a broad range of fundamental problems. In this paper, the authors studied the forming mechanism of lunar regolith, and proposed that most of the noble gases in lunar regolith come from the solar wind. Meteoroid bombardment controls the maturity of lunar soil, with the degree of maturation decreasing with grain size; the concentrations of the noble gases would be of slight variation with the depth of lunar soil but tend to decrease with grain size. In addition, the concentrations of noble gases in lunar soil also show a close relationship with its mineral and chemical compositions. The utilization prospects of the noble gas ^3He in lunar regolith will be further discussed.