珠江三角洲城市热岛空间分布及热岛强度研究

进入21世纪,我国珠江三角洲地区城市化规模越来越大,研究该地区的热岛效应具有重要的现实意义。研究区21世纪初自动气象站点运行趋于稳定,数据质量好,为城市气候研究提供了数据基础。利用2000—2003年的珠江三角洲城市群自动气象站温度数据进行空间分析,统计热岛和冷岛出现的频率,总结空间分布规律,并对照土地利用类型图分析热岛区域与地表覆被的对应关系。计算每月热岛强度值,通过热岛的月际变化曲线,总结热岛的年变化规律以及昼夜差异。研究结果表明,研究区城市热岛呈现"六区两带"的空间分布格局;全年中夏季白天的热岛强度最大,并且夏季的热岛强度出现昼强夜弱的现象。     

The impact of errors in predicted GPS orbits on zenith troposphere delay estimation

The impact of precise GPS ephemeris errors on estimated zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) is studied for applications in meteorology. First, the status of IGS ultra-rapid orbit prediction is presented and specific problems are outlined. Second, a simplified analytical solution of the impact of ephemeris errors on estimated ZTDs is presented. Two widely used methods are studied—the precise point positioning technique (PPP) and the double-difference network approach. A simulation experiment is additionally conducted for the network approach to assess the capability of ephemeris error compensation by the ambiguities. An example of marginal requirements for ephemeris accuracy is presented, assuming the compensation by ZTD only and admitting the error of 1 cm in ZTD. The requirement for the maximum orbit error 1 cm for radial and 8 cm for tangential position components using PPP approach, versus 217 cm (radial) and 19 cm (tangential) using network solution. Furthermore, an assessment of possible compensations of ephemeris errors by other estimated parameters was considered. In radial orbit position, an error of a few meters can be still absorbed by satellite clocks (96%) and phase ambiguities (96%) even for the PPP technique. A tangential orbit position error up to 16 cm for PPP and 38 cm for network solutions should not bias ZTD by more than 1 cm, but any bigger error could, in general. The error impact on ZTD in such cases depends on the compensation ability of ambiguities and clocks (PPP).     

Experimental investigation on physical and mechanical properties of thermal cycling granite by water cooling

Acta Geotechnica - Laboratory tests were conducted to study the physical and mechanical properties of granite after heating and water-cooling treatment for 1 and 30 cycles from room temperature to...     

南四湖滨湖洼地生态工程三种模式研究

自1984年起, 在我国北方最大淡水湖泊——山东省南四湖的滨湖洼地上, 创建丫生态工程的三种模式, 即台田-鱼池联合生产甩、果林-蔬菜-鱼塘分层多级利用胡、农-牧-渔再循环利用沏, 经五年的调查研究, 现场实验及生产实践, 结果证明其生态环境条件得到了改善, 促进了物流的良性循环, 实现了物质及能量的多层分级利用, 在生产上减少了投入、增加了产出。同步取得经济、生态环境及社会效益。这些生态工程模式提出了改良和利用湖泊滩地的一些途径, 并树立了典型, 现在在南四湖地区较广泛地推广中。     

供暖地热开采井筒温度损失模型及应用

地下热水开采过程,井筒周围持续散热导致地热水温度降低形成了井筒温度损失。目前关于井筒温度损失的研究很少,在地热利用方案的编写过程中难以确定设计排量下的井口热水温度,致使后续井网部署及单井配产困难,配产量与实际用热需求易产生供需矛盾。该文首次建立了地热井井筒温度损失模型。借助大型有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics,以华北油田某潜山区块实际生产数据为例,进行热采井筒温度损失影响因素分析,并分别对实际生产中雾迷山组热水井和高于庄组热水井井筒温度损失进行了预测,为下一步地热开采方案的编制提供借鉴和理论指导。     

Evaluation of groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief of Hebei Plain

Drought is the uppermost natural disaster in the Hebei Plain, which during the past 20 years showed a trend of frequency increasing, range extension, longer duration and severer damage. In the Hebei Plain, as a major grain producing area, the agricultural drought emergency relief can only rely on groundwater exploitation. Thus the work to conduct evaluation of groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief of Hebei Plain is of great significance for disaster prevention and relief. In this paper, with the method of analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation index system with reference to 3 aspects and 7 indexes (the former including groundwater resources, groundwater exploitation technical conditions and water supply facilities) and the ArcGIS Desktop ArcMAP software, the work to assess the shallow groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief in the Hebei Plain was carried out.     

一种基于特征值相干结果直方图均衡化的裂缝增强方法(英文)

特征值相干属性是一种高效、成熟的裂缝预测技术。但即使在连续、稳定的目的层段,部分裂缝隐没于相近高灰度值区域而难以识别;在破碎带发育区域,由于成像能量难以完美聚焦,中、小尺度的裂缝区域呈现相近低灰度值的云雾状模糊而无法区分。本文提出一种以直方图均衡化处理为核心技术的新型裂缝增强方法。该方法能够强化相干图像中不连续性信息与背景的差异性,突出裂缝的线性结构:采用相干图像阈值逐级调节的方式,实现对不同尺度裂缝的预测。该方法同时提升了显性、隐性裂缝识别能力和精度。     

松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用定量研究*

利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、测井解释和粒度分析等资料,对松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用类型、成岩作用强度及其影响因素等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)压实作用是导致大安油田泉四段特低渗—超低渗储集层物性变差最主要的成岩作用。研究区储集层压实程度为中等,压实破坏程度与储集层复合砂体厚度、分选系数、泥质含量等参数具有较好的相关性。(2)胶结作用是研究区储集层物性变差的又一重要因素。区内胶结作用强度较弱,胶结作用减孔率与相对构型界面的位置、石英绝对含量、碎屑组分含量和杂基含量等因素具有明显的相关性。(3)溶蚀作用对区内储集层物性的改善程度相对较小。溶蚀作用增孔率与复合砂体厚度、杂基含量具有一定的相关性。压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储集层物性改造程度影响因素的分析结果,反映砂体的垂向叠置关系、河道厚度规模、水动力强度等沉积特征对成岩作用类型及其强度有一定的控制作用。     

Urban competitive pattern and its changes in China

Duringtheprocessofnationaleconomy'stransi-tion,thedeterminantpowerofeconomicdevelopmenthaschangedgraduallyfromcentralgovemmenttolocalgovemments.Cities,asthecenterofregionaleconomicdevelopment,notonlydeterminethecompetitivenessoftheregionbuthavebecomethemainimpetusforthechangesofmacroeconomicpatternasweIl.Sotaking2o9perfecture-levelcitiesasresearchsubjects,weanalyzethemacropatternofurbancompetitivenessandcomprehendtheinternalimpetusandmechanismofre-gionaldevelopment,whichhavegreatsignificanceon…     

An Integrated Hydrodynamics and Control Model of A Tethered Underwater Robot

An integrated hydrodynamics and control model to simulate tethered underwater robot system is proposed. The governing equation of the umbilical cable is based on a finite difference method, the hydrodynamic behaviors of the underwater robot are described by the six-degrees-of-freedom equations of motion for submarine simulations, and a controller based on the fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) algorithm is also incorporated. Fluid motion around the main body of moving robot with running control ducted propellers is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations and these nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The hydrodynamics and control behaviors of the tethered underwater robot under certain designated trajectory and attitude control manipulation are then investigated based on the established hydrodynamics and control model. The results indicate that satisfactory control effect can be achieved and hydrodynamic behavior under the control operation can be observed with the model; much kinematic and dynamic information about tethered underwater robot system can be forecasted, including translational and angular motions of the robot, hydrodynamic loading on the robot, manipulation actions produced by the control propellers, the kinematic and dynamic behaviors of the umbilical cable. Since these hydrodynamic effects are fed into the proposed coupled model, the mutual hydrodynamic influences of different portions of the robot system as well as the hydrological factors of the undersea environment for the robot operation are incorporated in the model.