Profiles and Source Apportionment of Nonmethane Volatile Organic Compounds in Winter and Summer in Xi’an,China, based on the Hybrid Environmental Receptor Model

Summer and winter campaigns for the chemical compositions and sources of nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)and oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)were conducted in Xi’an.Data from 57 photochemical assessment monitoring stations for NMHCs and 20 OVOC species were analyzed.Significant seasonal differences were noted for total VOC(TVOC,NMHCs and OVOCs)concentrations and compositions.The campaign-average TVOC concentrations in winter(85.3±60.6 ppbv)were almost twice those in summer(47.2±31.6 ppbv).Alkanes and OVOCs were the most abundant category in winter and summer,respectively.NMHCs,but not OVOCs,had significantly higher levels on weekends than on weekdays.Total ozone formation potential was higher in summer than in winter(by 50%)because of the high concentrations of alkenes(particularly isoprene),high temperature,and high solar radiation levels in summer.The Hybrid Environmental Receptor Model(HERM)was used to conduct source apportionment for atmospheric TVOCs in winter and summer,with excellent accuracy.HERM demonstrated its suitability in a situation where only partial source profile data were available.The HERM results indicated significantly different seasonal source contributions to TVOCs in Xi’an.In particular,coal and biomass burning had contributions greater than half in winter(53.4%),whereas traffic sources were prevalent in summer(53.1%).This study’s results highlight the need for targeted and adjustable VOC control measures that account for seasonal differences in Xi’an;such measures should target not only the severe problem with VOC pollution but also the problem of consequent secondary pollution(e.g.,from ozone and secondary organic aerosols).     

IPCC AR6报告解读：气候系统对二氧化碳移除响应

IPCC AR6报告中控温1.5℃和2℃的低排放情景需要在21世纪中叶以后实现净负CO₂排放,这需要在很大程度上依赖CO₂移除措施。AR6对CO₂移除的主要评估结论如下：CO₂移除有潜力从大气中去除CO₂（高信度);如果CO₂移除量超过CO₂排放量,将实现净负CO₂排放,降低大气CO₂浓度,减缓海洋酸化（高信度);通过CO₂移除方法从大气中去除的CO₂会部分被海洋和陆地释放的CO₂抵消（非常高信度);如果净负CO₂排放可以实现并且持续,CO₂引起的全球升温趋势将会逐渐扭转,但是气候系统的其他变化（例如海平面升高）仍会在未来的几十年到千年尺度上持续（高信度);不同CO₂移除方法会对生物化学循环和气候产生广泛的影响,这些影响会加强或减弱CO₂移除的降温潜力,并且影响水资源、食物生产和生物多样性（高信度）。     

GPS定位精度与测站位置的关系

讨论了理想条件下, ＧＰＳ 定位中测站纬度与定位精度的关系; 通过对不同纬度的点进行计算比较, 得出了测站纬度不同时定位精度的变化情况; 解释了东西向定位误差大于南北向误差的现象。     

兴隆台地区火山岩油藏裂缝测井评价

本文以辽河兴隆台地区中生代火山岩为例论述裂缝储层测井评价方法及其应用,包括预处理、建立裂缝参数解释模型、测井资料处理等,揭示了火山岩裂缝储层特征;认为低角度裂缝较发育,倾斜裂缝中等发育,高角度裂缝较少;按三级裂缝储层评价,裂缝宽度在30～90μm之间的中等储层最为发育。研究结果已用于该区火山岩油藏的进一步勘探。     

甘肃地震预警测站典型异常波形的频谱分析

新时期地震预警在保障人民群众生命财产安全中意义重大。近几年,国家在地震预警工程建设上投入巨大,但对于预警测站运维经验梳理总结较少。以甘肃省地震预警测站典型异常突刺的波形资料为研究对象,基于傅里叶变换对异常波形进行频谱分析,探究造成波形异常的干扰源频带范围。研究表明：波形的异常突刺优势频率为0.2～46 Hz。其中,直流电对波形产生的干扰,优势频率为0.2～15 Hz;市电对波形产生的干扰,优势频率为30～46 Hz。结果表明：市电和智能电源的输电线在与摆线并线时,市电及直流电会对波形造成干扰,形成突刺波形。研究利用频谱分析快速、准确筛查干扰源的方法,为地震预警运维工作提供了新思路。     

Cl-37 in the Dead Sea system---preliminary results

This study presents the first set of δ measurements in the Dead Sea environment. δ values for the meromictic (long term stratified) Dead Sea water column prior to its complete overturn in 1979 were −0.47‰ SMOC for the UWM (Upper Water Mass) and +0.55‰ SMOC for the LWM (Lower Water Mass). The δ values for the pre-overturn Dead Sea cannot be explained by the prevailing model on the evolution of the Dead Sea during the last few centuries and require corroboration by more measurements. The 1979 overturn wiped out almost completely the isotopic differences between the UWM and LWM. Even so, Cl isotope data could be used to decipher physical processes related to the overturn such as incomplete homogenization of the deep water mass. Inputs into the lake, comprising freshwaters (springs and the Jordan River) and saline springs gave a range of −0.37‰ to +1.0‰ with the freshwater sources being more enriched in δ . Based on the δ measurements of the End-Brine (the effluent from Dead Sea evaporation ponds) and of recent Dead Sea halite, the Cl isotopic composition of the originating brines have been estimated. They gave a narrow isotopic spread, +0.01‰ and +0.07‰ and fall within the same range with Dead Sea pore water (+0.13‰) and with the post-overturn Dead Sea (−0.03‰ and +0.16‰). Rock salt from Mount Sdom gave a value of −0.59‰ indicating its formation at the last stages of halite deposition from evaporating sea water. The hypersaline En Ashlag spring gave a depleted δ value of −0.32‰, corresponding to a residual brine formed in the very latest stages (including bishofite deposition) of seawater evaporation.     

羌塘盆地土门地区上三叠统土门格拉组烃源岩地球化学特征

本文在南羌塘盆地土门地区获得一套上三叠统土门格拉组泥质烃源岩。通过有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质热演化程度的分析,结果表明,土门格拉组泥质烃源岩有机碳含量在0.54%~1.36%之间,达到了中等-好烃源岩标准,局部达到很好烃源岩标准;干酪根镜检结果显示,有机质类型主要为II1型。镜质体反射率Ro为1.61%~2.76%,岩石热解峰温Tmax介于340~544℃之间,干酪根腐泥组颜色为棕色-棕褐色,表明有机质演化达到过成熟阶段。土门地区土门格拉组泥质烃源岩的发现进一步表明羌塘盆地上三叠统烃源岩具备良好的生烃(气)潜力。     

南贝尔凹陷油气成藏条件与富集规律

南贝尔凹陷位于蒙古国塔木察格盆地,为中生代断陷盆地内小断陷.该凹陷具有断陷结构简单、多凸多凹、凹隆相间的构造格局,形成了多物源、多沉积中心的特点.铜钵庙组三角洲前缘砂体、南屯组(扇)三角洲前缘砂体和水下扇砂体为油气聚集成藏提供了良好的储集空间.在东次凹北洼槽南一段Ⅱ油组构造和沉积匹配较好的区域形成构造和岩性控制的岩性一...     

西准噶尔阿克巴斯陶岩体三维形态及其地质意义

西准噶尔地区广泛发育晚石炭世-二叠纪不同规模、形态各异的花岗岩体,阿克巴斯陶岩体是其中最具代表性岩体之一,但对于该岩体三维形态和侵位过程的研究尤显薄弱.基于详细的野外路线地质调查,通过对阿克巴斯陶岩体NE、NW、SE和SW侧接触边界产状、接触热变质带宽度、岩脉方位和发育程度、顶垂体和围岩捕虏体发育特征的研究,揭示出岩体NE、SE和SW侧与围岩呈低角度外倾接触,而岩体NW侧与围岩呈高角度接触.在此基础上,结合岩体出露区音频大地电磁反演结果,揭示出阿克巴斯陶岩体三维形态总体为不对称蘑菇状,岩体侵位时岩浆主要由NW向朝SE向斜向侵位,并建立了岩体的三维形态模型.阿克巴斯陶岩体三维形态的确定,揭示了西准噶尔地区晚石炭世晚期-早二叠世为后造山伸展环境.      

内蒙古阿尔山地区中生代A型花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

在岩石学研究的基础上,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学方法,研究了阿尔山地区不同时代花岗岩体的成因和构造意义。研究表明,三广山中粒碱长花岗岩形成于印支期(228.5±3.0Ma);南兴安似斑状碱长花岗岩形成于燕山期(141.7±2.6Ma),捕获锆石年龄为1847±21Ma,反映该区可能具有前寒武纪结晶基底。两岩体岩石化学以富Si、高K、低Mg、贫Ca为特点,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05;富集高场强元素和轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,稀土元素配分模式为典型的右倾海鸥型。岩相学和地球化学特征显示,三广山和南兴安花岗岩均为A型花岗岩。其中,三广山花岗岩为A2型花岗岩,南兴安花岗岩为A1型花岗岩。全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成(εNd(t)值为2.26~5.58)表明,阿尔山地区花岗岩的源区可能为显生宙—新元古代期间从亏损地幔中新增生的地壳物质,但南兴安和三广山2个岩体的形成机制不同。三广山A2型花岗岩可能是古亚洲洋在三叠纪闭合后进入造山后阶段岩石圈伸展体制下的产物,而南兴安A1型花岗岩可能形成于早白垩世大兴安岭地区板内伸展作用下的拉张减薄环境。