Distribution analysis of errors due to relocation of geomagnetic data using the 'Conversion via Pole' (CVP) method: implications on archaeomagnetic data

Secular variation 'master' curves are built up using geomagnetic historical observations or archaeomagnetic data from a limited area and their use is usually restricted to regions of around 1000 km radius. Relocation of data within this distance is a common practice to enable comparison of data, although the errors due to such process are rarely taken into account. A detailed analysis of the distribution of relocating geomagnetic data has been done using three popular sets of geomagnetic models (IGRF-9, GUFM and CALS7K-2). This study improves the error analysis of relocating geomagnetic directions made up to date and expands it to geomagnetic intensities. Maximum errors correlate with the non-dipole to dipole field ratio. Archaeomagnetists could use this analysis to valuate the error introduced by reducing data.     

Rockfalls: analysis of the block fragmentation through field experiments

Landslides - Fragmentation is a common feature of rockfall that exerts a strong control on the trajectories of the generated blocks, the impact energies, and the runout. In this paper, we present a...     

黄花补血草的组织培养技术

沙漠植物组织培养主要是为了开发沙漠植物和繁殖沙区特有的珍、稀,濒危及难以繁殖的旱生、超旱生、盐生植物。实验结果表明,黄花补血草能通过组织培养进行快速繁殖。     

基于空间位置的属性数据连接及对不依比例地物统计的应用研究

本研究着眼于土地利用现状调绘不依比例地物的精确统计,围绕着基于空间位置的属性连接方法的应用,利用MapGIS、AutoCAD、CASS和MapGIS土地利用数据库管理系统等软件展开了分析。探讨了空间位置的属性连接方法的理论基础与实施步骤,并提出了空间数据的质量控制与检查的对策。在此基础之上,通过对同一测绘对象分别使用传统方法和基于空间位置的属性连接方法进行了统计,对两种方法的统计结果进行了对比。证实了基于空间位置属性连接方法能够更有效地提高空间数据统计的精度和速度。     

Mean residence time of lagoons in shallow vegetated floodplains

Lagoons interspersed within wetlands are expected to increase the residence time of the flow in the system which, in turn, will lead to enhanced pollutant removal thus ensuring a good ecological status of the ecosystem. In this study, lagoons interspersed in vegetated wetlands have been mimicked in the laboratory to develop a theoretical model to establish the impact three major driving parameters (the vegetation density surrounding a lagoon, the depth aspect ratio [length vs. depth] of the lagoon and the circulating flow – through the Reynolds number) have on determining the residence time of the flow in the lagoon. The results indicate that, according to the maximum free available area of the flow, the presence of vegetation (Juncus maritimus) decreases the residence time. In addition, an increase in the Reynolds number of the circulating flow in the wetlands also resulted in a decrease in the lagoon residence time. Nevertheless, lagoon residence times were found to depend on the depth of the lagoon, with deeper lagoons having higher residence times. The length of the lagoon, however, was found not to affect the residence time. High lagoon residence times in either natural or constructed wetlands are desirable because they enhance pollutant removal from the water. Although, if the residence times are too long, this may lead to anoxic water conditions that could in fact threaten the wetland's ecosystem.     

Erratum to Identification of tsunami-induced deposits using numerical modeling and rock magnetism techniques: A study case of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami in Algarve,Portugal: [Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors Volume 182, Issues 3–4, Pages 187–198 (October 2010)]

Storm- and tsunami-deposits are generated by similar depositional mechanisms making their discrimination hard to establish using classic sedimentologic methods. Here we propose an original approach to identify tsunami-induced deposits by combining numerical simulation and rock magnetism. To test our method, we investigate the tsunami deposit of the Boca do Rio estuary generated by the 1755 earthquake in Lisbon which is well described in the literature. We first test the 1755 tsunami scenario using a numerical inundation model to provide physical parameters for the tsunami wave. Then we use concentration (MS, SIRM) and grain size (χ_ARM, ARM, B1/2, ARM/SIRM) sensitive magnetic proxies coupled with SEM microscopy to unravel the magnetic mineralogy of the tsunami-induced deposit and its associated depositional mechanisms. In order to study the connection between the tsunami deposit and the different sedimentologic units present in the estuary, magnetic data were processed by multivariate statistical analyses. Our numerical simulation show a large inundation of the estuary with flow depths varying from 0.5 to 6 m and run up of ～7 m. Magnetic data show a dominance of paramagnetic minerals (quartz) mixed with lesser amount of ferromagnetic minerals, namely titanomagnetite and titanohematite both of a detrital origin and reworked from the underlying units. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate a better connection between the tsunami-induced deposit and a mixture of Units C and D. All these results point to a scenario where the energy released by the tsunami wave was strong enough to overtop and erode important amount of sand from the littoral dune and mixed it with reworked materials from underlying layers at least 1 m in depth. The method tested here represents an original and promising tool to identify tsunami-induced deposits in similar embayed beach environments.     

东海多环旋沟藻的形态特征和系统进化分析

本文首次对分离自我国东海海域的多环旋沟藻(Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef)藻株进行了详细的分类学报道。通过运用光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、电子扫描电镜和分子生物学方法,对多环旋沟藻的形态和显微特征进行了详细的描述,并对其核糖体大亚基序列(LSU rDNA)进行了系统进化分析。该藻以单细胞或链状细胞形态存在。通常链状包括2、4、8和16个细胞。横沟宽且深围绕细胞近2圈,内含鞭毛。纵沟窄并浅紧挨着横沟延伸。具有U形顶沟,细胞核大而圆,分布在上锥的前端。叶绿体棒状,数量较多并呈簇状分布。测序获得核糖体大亚基D1—D3区序列为870bp,通过构建系统发育树和Jukes-Cantor遗传距离矩阵可知东海多环旋沟藻藻株为东亚型。     

Paleomagnetism and rock magnetism of the Neoproterozoic Itajaí Basin of the Rio de la Plata craton (Brazil): Cambrian to Cretaceous widespread remagnetizations of South America

A detailed rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study was performed on samples from the Neoproterozoic Itajaí Basin in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in order to better constrain the paleogeographic evolution of the Rio de la Plata craton between 600 and 550 Ma. However, rock magnetic properties typical of remagnetized rocks and negative response in the fold test indicated that these rocks carried a secondary chemical remanent magnetization. After detailed AF and thermal cleaning, almost all samples showed a normal polarity characteristic remanent magnetization component close to the present geomagnetic field. The main magnetic carriers are magnetite and hematite, probably of authigenic origin. The mean paleomagnetic pole of the Itajaí Basin is located at Plat = − 84°, Plong = 97.5° (A95 = 2°) and overlaps the lower Cretaceous segment of the apparent polar wander path of South America, suggesting a cause and effect with the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. A compilation of remagnetized paleomagnetic poles from South America is presented that highlights the superposition of several large-scale remagnetization events between the Cambrian and the Cretaceous. It is suggested that some paleomagnetic poles used to calibrate the APWP of Gondwana at Precambrian times need to be revised; the indication of remagnetized areas in southern South America may offer some help in the selection of sites for future paleomagnetic investigations in Precambrian rocks.     

Geomorphological markers of faulting and neotectonic activity along the western Andean margin,northern Chile

In the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, some ephemeral channels are developed in the Plio‐Quaternary alluvial sequence that caps the Neogene Atacama Gravels Formation. Geomorphological studies and high‐resolution digital elevation data (GPS) along a structural transect in the Central Depression are used to document modern growth history of subtle folding and faulting in the fore‐arc region. Outcrop data of the most recent deposits are combined with observations of warped and faulted late Quaternary pediments, alluvial fans and terrace surfaces to propose unsuspected neotectonic processes on the western flank of the Domeyko Cordillera. Neotectonic process recognition is here based largely upon the interpretation of alluvial landforms, drainage organisation and evolution as the intermittent river network shows systematic patterns of course deflections, successive incisions or deposition processes as it encounters the fault scarps or folds in the superficial deposits. This area presents both N–S‐trending active vertical faults in the topographically higher pampas, and N–S‐trending active folding in the lower pampas. These faults seem to accommodate E–W extension and compression that could be related to uplift of the western Andean margin within a compressive context. Uplift may have taken place unevenly over the past few million years after the deposition of the superficial alluvial surfaces that cap the Neogene Atacama Gravels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.