浙江省冬季不同霾过程的后向气流轨迹及环流特征

根据1981—2013年浙江省地面气象观测资料对浙江省冬季霾的时空分布特征进行分析发现,20世纪80年代中期起冬季霾呈显著上升趋势;空间分布总体特征表现为北多南少、西多东少,盆地平原多、丘陵岛屿少。利用K-均值聚类法将近33年冬季的主要霾过程分为盆地-平原型和全省型两类,其中超过62%的个例表现为盆地平原型,该型以12月发生比例最高;全省型霾过程在12和1月均多发。从气流输送及冷空气强度、垂直运动和干区分布等大气环流背景条件方面对比两类霾过程的形成机理差异发现:盆地一平原型冬季霾多在北方冷空气南下,浙江省受较强冷高压和下沉气流控制时形成,气流来自高纬度;全省型冬季霾则在变性减弱的冷高控制下,下沉气流较弱、不利本地污染源扩散的情况下发生。     

南四湖表层沉积物营养元素分布特征

对南四湖不同湖区的20个表层底泥样品的营养盐浓度做了实验分析,结果表明:南阳湖的总磷最高,独日湖次之;独山湖的总有机碳和总氮含量最高,南阳湖次之;而昭阳湖的总有机碳、总氮和总磷含量为最低。显然,南阳湖和独山湖两个湖区显示出一定程度的营养盐污染。表层底泥总氮与土覆表层湖水的总氮相关程度不高,其原因是该湖水中的总氮主要是无机氮含量;而底泥中的总氮主要是有机氮。而表层底泥总磷与土覆表层湖水的总磷含量相关程序很高。这表明南四湖底泥与湖水中的总磷在其来源和迁移转化途径上是相同的,即是湖水中的总磷主要是由流域内工农业及生活污水排放带来的,并在底泥中沉积和积累。     

Identifying surface water evaporation loss of inland river basin based on evaporation enrichment model

Accurately quantifying the evaporation loss of surface water is essential for regional water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water resources are already scarce. The long-term monitoring of stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) in water can provide a sensitive indicator of water loss by evaporation. In this study, we obtained surface water samples of Shiyang River Basin from April to October between 2017 and 2019. The spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in surface water show the trend of enrichment in summer, depletion in spring, enrichment in deserts and depletion in mountains. The Local Evaporation Line (LEL) obtained by the regression of δ²H and δ¹⁸O in surface water has been defined by the lines: δ²H = 7.61δ¹⁸O + 14.58 for mountainous area, δ²H = 4.19δ¹⁸O − 17.85 for oasis area, δ²H = 4.08δ¹⁸O − 18.92 for desert area. The slope of LEL shows a gradual decrease from mountain to desert, indicating that the evaporation of surface water is gradually increasing. The evaporation loss of stable isotopes in surface water is 24.82% for mountainous area, 32.19% for oasis area, and 70.98% for desert area, respectively. Temperature and air humidity are the main meteorological factors affecting the evaporation loss, and the construction of reservoirs and farmland irrigation are the main man-made factors affecting the evaporation loss.     

省级区域站数据直传监控系统设计与实现

全国省级区域站数据传输业务流程逐步由市级转发省级调整为直传省级,省级区域站中心站成为数据传输的枢纽。区域站数据传输业务的调整给省、市、县3级区域站运维保障工作带来了一定的挑战。为了应对统一管理难、监视难、故障诊断难的挑战,本文设计并实现了一种省级区域站数据直传监控系统。该系统依托CIMISS系统和省级区域站中心站,基于Django框架实现了CIMISS CTS环节、省级区域站中心站环节、区域站报文来源环节、区域站电池环节的监视和展示,以及区域站报文历史传输情况的展示和故障诊断。该系统已经投入业务应用,进一步提高了全省区域站数据传输业务的运维保障能力。     

河北省任丘市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

浅层地下水是任丘市重要的水资源之一,为研究其水化学特征及其形成机制,本文在实地调查取样分析化验的基础上,以水文地球化学理论为指导,借助多元数理统计的方法,从多个角度揭示了研究区浅层地下水的形成演化过程：① 通过离散分析,认为研究区各主要离子变异系数较大,说明研究区浅层地下水受人为影响明显,水化学特征复杂。 ② 通过相关分析,认为Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、以及SO2-4为研究区原始浅层地下水主要离子,而HCO-3与NO-3为外来离子且异源;③ 通过聚类分析,可将研究区浅层地下水分为A、B、C三类,其中A类处于Gibbs图中岩石风化端元,矿化度较低,为微咸水或淡水,含HCO-3和NO-3,受农业灌溉水影响;B类处于Gibbs图中岩石风化端元向蒸发浓缩端元过渡,矿化度居中,为微咸水,NO-3含量相对较高,受生活污水影响;C类地下水处于Gibbs图中蒸发浓缩端元,矿化度较高,以咸水为主,与地表水体连通性差,接近原始浅层地下水化学类型。④ 通过主成分分析,认为研究区原始地下水化学类型为SO2-4·Cl-—Na+型及SO2-4·Cl-—Na+·Ca2+型,受干旱环境下蒸发和海水入侵双重影响。     

建筑结构基础隔震技术的研究和应用

本文介绍了建筑结构基础隔震基本原理、隔震系统分类、隔震技术进展、隔震设计一般流程、隔震相关专著、隔震规范和应用软件,并提出隔震技术推广中有待解决的几个问题。     

孔压静力触探(CPTU)测试成果影响因素及原始数据修正方法探讨

孔压静力触探(CPTU)是20世纪80年代在国际上兴起的新型原位测试技术,因其诸多优点,目前在欧美诸国已得到广泛应用。由于探头规格、技术标准和操作程序的差异,影响CPTU测试成果的因素很多,而且其影响程度也各不相同。根据前人的研究成果,对CPTU测试成果的影响因素进行了分析总结,以期在CPTU资料整理和应用中引起重视。最后,简要论述了考虑诸多影响因素的原始数据修正方法。     

国际河流流域组织研究述评与展望

作为国际河流长期合作开发的重要保障,国际河流流域组织这一联合制度安排备受关注,但参差不齐的绩效表现致使其可行性与有效性引发学者质疑。我国拥有众多国际河流,与之相关的合作开发是中国周边外交的重要抓手,但针对上述问题的研究未能得到国内学者的足够重视。在此背景下,文章首先回顾、梳理了国际河流流域组织的定义与类型,然后重点研判其制度设计特征和有效性,并指明已有研究所面临的方法困境,最后为解开“流域组织如何促进国际河流有效合作”这一难题提出以下研究建议：1）整合国际河流流域组织有效性评价指标并进行全球范围的评价;2）探明国际河流流域组织制度类型所适用的范围与条件;3）厘清不同国际河流流域组织制度设计特征与治理有效性的关系;4）基于过程视角探求国际河流流域组织有效性达成路径;5）采用超越定性与定量研究的新方法;6）立足地缘文明激发国际河流流域组织成员国的文化认同。     

The Interaction of Population,Industry and Land in Process of Urbanization in China: A Case Study in Jilin Province

Urbanization is a complex process that covers a wide range of topics, of which population, industry and land urbanization are three important aspects. Jilin Province is an important agricultural province in China. The contradiction between population, industry and land urbanization is especially prominent here, and its coupling development is of great practical significance. In this paper, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is measured by coupling mode. The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is analyzed by trend surface analysis and global and local spatial autocorrelation. The influence factors and their spatial differentiation are discussed using multiple linear regression (MLR) model and geographic weighted regression (GWR) model. The results show that: 1) the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province is at a low level. Judging from the change of time scale, the urbanization of most research units is becoming more and more coordinated. From the comparison of spatial scales, there is significant spatial difference in the research units of different administrative levels. 2) Judging from the global change trend, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in the central region is higher than that in western and eastern regions. The coordination of urbanization in the central region is relatively good, and the distribution of the cold and hot spots is basically the same as that overall. 3) The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is related to the cold and hot spot distribution of the influence coefficient of urban population density and per capita urban construction land. The variation of the coupling degree spatial pattern is synchronous with the spatial change of the urban population density influence coefficient. 4) The degree of agglomeration of the urban population is the main factor promoting the coupling pattern of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province, and the extent of its influence is gradually increasing. In addition, the level of city administrative, the efficiency of urban expansion and the capacity of market consumption also have an important influence on the coupling pattern.