1948年川西理塘M7.3地震地表破裂特征及Riedel剪切构造分析

1948年川西理塘M 7.3地震是川滇菱形块体内部近一个世纪以来发生的震级最大的走滑型地震。在对此次同震地表破裂进行详细调查基础上,利用差分GPS对同震地表破裂带进行了精确测量与统计分析。结果揭示该地表破裂的现存长度为36 km,北端始于无量河以北,往东南沿藏坝盆地北东缘、德巫盆地东南缘,延伸至德巫乡北,分为南、北两段,而在交德附近存在约3 km长的地表破裂空区。对同震地表破裂的线密度和同震水平位错量进行分段统计后揭示,此次地震的宏观震中应位于德巫盆地中部交德东南约4～5 km处。对理塘同震地表破裂的Riedel剪切分析结果指示,该破裂带主要由R剪切组成,以发育雁列状排列的挤压鼓包(Push-up)为主要特征,伴有少量R′剪切与T裂缝,缺少P型与X型剪切。其中R剪切占95%以上,其在藏坝段(北段)的优势方向为318°,德巫段(南段)为315°,整条地表破裂带的R剪切平均方向为316°。同时发现,此次地震形成的雁列状挤压鼓包主要以平缓的"弧形"为主,这与1981年道孚M_S 6.9地震和2010年玉树M_S 7.1地震地表破裂带中出现大量反"S"形...     

双频激电法在浙江省苦麻岭地区找矿勘查中的应用

浙江省常山县苦麻岭地区位于钱塘台褶皱带华埠-新登陷褶带上,具备了与成矿密切相关的条件,但地形起伏大、构造复杂、植被发育茂盛等因素严重制约着探矿效果。为此采用双频激电法,通过对称四极测深对该勘查区进行勘探。针对视电阻率测深曲线出现的跳跃、波动等异常形态,结合地层岩性、构造裂隙发育情况及视幅频率反映,对干扰因素进行排除,并依据视电阻率曲线拐点异常及增大趋势确定区内花岗岩岩体埋深及边界变化规律,指出该花岗岩顶部界面较平缓或下凹处,其围岩接触带为富集、成矿的有利部位。由视电阻率ρs和视幅频率Fs断面图推断,矿化异常等值线未封闭,异常中心位于测线以东,该结论对勘查区及类似地区扩大找矿规模具有一定指导意义。     

New Emission Phase of the Be/X-Ray Binary X Persei/4U0352+30: Nearly Simultaneous Spectroscopic and Near-Infrared Observations

We present a series of optical spectroscopic andnear-infrared photometric observations of the Be star X Persei, from thebeginning of the recent emission phase. Our data show that after the latestextended low state (ELS), both the equivalent width (EW) of theH emission line and the JHK luminosities gradually increased. Therecent maximum H EW and JHK magnitudes are more than butcomparable to the 1986–1989 maxima, which reflects a more extensiveand denser envelope in the new emission phase.The IR photometry and the H EW increase coincidently in theearly stage of the new emission phase. However, the variations in thefollowing years, especially in 1994 and 1995, are much different from theearly trend. An unusual variation that while the H EW in X Perincreases considerably, the JHK magnitudes decline rapidly is seen in ournearly simultaneous spectroscopic and near-infrared observations.An expanding ring model is put forward to interpret the observedunusual variation between the H EW and near-IR luminosity duringthe recent emission phase of X Persei. Our results indicate that althoughboth infrared excess and H emission line arise from the envelope,their main contributors, in some cases, are likely to originate in thedifferent part of the envelope.     

由能量分配原理探讨滑移弱化与视应力的关系

按照震源地震波能量辐射原理,在断层面上任意一点由破裂或滑动而产生的地震波能量ES、地震矩M0及相应的视应力sigma;a都应大于零．在近期研究中发现Poldo等在震源参数反演求取断层面上临界滑动弱化距离Dc所采用的视应力约束方程出现了ldquo;视应力取值小于零rdquo;的情形,其负值被解释为对地震波辐射能无贡献的耗散能,可合并至破裂能部分。数学上的表述并未影响到反演结果,但从能量守恒观点上讲,这样的表述是不准确的．进一步讲,由此表述所求得的辐射能量ES大于由能量分配原理所得结果. 根据能量分配准则,指出出现负值视应力是不合适的,并给出了表述视应力随断层滑移过程变化的替代方法,同时提供了求解临界滑动弱化距离Dc的正确途径．      

松嫩平原典型黑土分布区土壤呼吸研究

在松嫩平原典型黑土分布区,选择耕地、休耕地、自然荒地3种土地利用方式进行土壤CO₂呼吸研究。采用壕沟隔断法,探讨了植物根系呼吸在不同土地利用方式下的差异,采用温度敏感系数Q10分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性。结果表明: 土壤呼吸受多方面因素影响,包括土壤温度、湿度、植被类型、农业生产活动等。土壤呼吸日变化过程中,温度是影响土壤呼吸速率的决定性因素。在夏季植物根系呼吸所占的比例最大,超过了50％,春秋两季根系呼吸所占的比例相对较少。受植物种类及植物根系呼吸在土壤呼吸中所占比例大小的影响,在3种不同的土地利用方式下根系自养呼吸所占的比例大小顺序依次为荒地>休耕地>耕地。有根系的土壤呼吸对土壤温度升高的反应要敏感些。     

Sm–Nd geochronology and petrography of garnet pyroxene granulites in the northern Sulu region of China and their geotectonic implication

Abundant garnet-bearing granulite lenses are widely distributed in the northern part of the Sulu region and adjacent areas. They are possibly re-metamorphosed high-pressure metamorphic rocks. On the basis of detailed petrographic study, samples WD01, WD04 and ML06 from Laixi and Wendeng were identified as high-pressure granulites, and WH1 from Weihai as an original coesite-bearing eclogite. Three high-pressure granulite samples give mineral-WR isochron ages of 1846±76, 1743±79 and 1752±30 Ma. TDM ages are 3.3, 3.0 and 2.8 Ga. The Sm–Nd mineral-WR isochron ages are interpreted to date as the metamorphic resetting within the medium-pressure granulite facies, representing an isotopic re-homogeneity during uplifting of the high-pressure granulites from deep continent crust. It is important that Sm–Nd chronological characteristics are the same as Archaean high-pressure granulites in the North China craton. However, sample WH1 from Weihai demonstrates abnormal Sm–Nd characteristics. Its whole rock _Nd (0) value is +129. TDM age is 1.3 Ga, and constrains the minimum age of re-metamorphosed eclogite protolith formation to the mid-Proterozoic. This result is identical to those reported by Jahn (1994), showing complicated processes of metamorphism and metasomatism. The data in this paper provide further evidence to define the boundary between the North China craton and UHPM belt in eastern Shandong and to understand the geotectonic nature of the boundary.     

新疆天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体研究

天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体的均一温度、爆裂温度、成矿压力、气相成分及物理化学条件的研究表明，金矿化可分为两个成矿阶段，矿化深度１～１．５ｋｍ，成矿热液具有酸性还原特性，金是以金硫络合物形式迁移沉淀的。     

基于COSMIC掩星数据分析全球NmF2周年和半年变化特征

使用COSMIC掩星提供的NmF2数据,利用傅里叶分析方法,研究全球F2层峰值电子密度的周年和半年分布特征,分析2010年LT12：00 14：00 NmF2周年和半年变化幅度及2008-2011年年平均值变化.结果显示,电离层NmF2周年和半年变化幅度在中高纬地区相对较大;在赤道和低纬地区相对较小,且NmF2以半年变化为主.太阳活动增强期间,NmF2年平均值增大.