藏南卡鲁雄峰枪勇冰川新冰期冰川发育探讨

山地冰川对气候变化响应敏感,全新世以来,冰川呈加速退缩趋势。冰川地貌是冰川变化最直接的证据。枪勇冰川发源于卡鲁雄峰,位于喜马拉雅山中段北坡雨影区,雅鲁藏布江以南,冰川末端在海拔5000 m附近,冰川面积约为6.63 km2。枪勇沟从外至内共保存有4期冰碛垄,其中以"大枪勇错"外侧的新冰期冰碛垄最为高大,终碛垄高约30 m,且形态清晰。文章基于野外观察及谷歌影像（Google Earth）上冰碛垄的分布范围,恢复并计算了新冰期时枪勇冰川面积约为10.0 km2,较现代冰川扩张了1.5倍。采用VOLTA模型计算了现代冰川的体积为0.21±0.04 km3,平均厚度约为31.7 m。基于纵剖线模型模拟了新冰期冰川表面高程,新冰期冰川平均厚度约为58.5 m,冰川体积约0.59±0.12 km3,是现代冰川体积的2.8倍,体积减小较面积退缩更为剧烈。利用积累区面积比率法（Accumulation Area Ratio Method,简称AAR）,采用AAR值为0.7±0.05,基于现代冰川表面高程和模拟的新冰期冰川表面高程,计算现代冰川和新冰期冰川的物质平衡线高度（Equilibrium Line Altitude,简称ELA）分别为5780±70 m和5660±100 m,新冰期时平衡线高度降低了约120 m。而不利用模型恢复新冰期表面高程时,平衡线降低值为240 m,可能高估约120 m。新冰期时,枪勇冰川扩张受区域降温控制,冰川前进可能是对4.2 ka冷事件的响应。冰碛垄形成时代和大枪勇错孢粉数据表明,冰川可能在2.5 ka左右已经退缩,2.2 ka时退缩加剧。     

Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling

The hydrologic response of engineered media plays an important role in determining a stormwater control measure's ability to reduce runoff volume, flow rate, timing, and pollutant loads. Five engineered media, typical of living roof and bioretention stormwater control measures, were investigated in laboratory column experiments for their hydrologic responses to steady, large inflow rates. The inflow, medium water content response, and outflow were all measured. The water flow mechanism (uniform flow vs. preferential flow) was investigated by analyzing medium water content response in terms of timing, magnitude, and sequence with depth. Modeling the hydrologic process was conducted in the HYDRUS‐1D software, applying the Richards equation for uniform flow modeling, and a mobile–immobile model for preferential flow modeling. Uniform flow existed in most cases, including all initially dry living roof media with bimodal pore size distributions and one bioretention medium with unimodal pore size distribution. The Richards equation can predict the outflow hydrograph reasonably well for uniform flow conditions when medium hydraulic properties are adequately represented by appropriate functions. Preferential flow was found in two media with bimodal pore size distributions. The occurrence of preferential flow is more likely due to the interaction between the bimodal pore structure and the initial water content rather than the large inflow rate.     

岩石摩擦滑动的声发射b值

用双剪法进行岩石摩擦实验并测定了声发射b值。实验表明,粘滑发生前b值稳定并稍有增加,多次粘滑过程中b值基本不变,随着正应力的增加b值增加。     

DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE IN DA HINGGAN LING REGION BY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE

From May 6 to June 2,1987,a huge forest fire broke out and raged for 28 days in Da Hinggan Lingregion in far Northeast China,causing heavy loss of life and property,which claims the biggest forest firedisaster in Chinese history.The fire drew attention of the whole of China and was also concerned by manyother countries.How were the meteorological satellites used in the detection of the forest fire?This paperelaborates the principles and methods of the fire detection using meteorological satellites,so that to sum upthe experience and to increase the ability of forest fire detection.     

Occurrence and characteristics of sporadic sodium layer observed by lidar at a mid-latitude location

Na lidar observations of SSL during the past 5 years at a mid-latitude location (Wuhan, China, 31°N, 114°E) are reported in this paper. From 26 SSL events detected in about 230 h of observation, an SSL occurrence rate of 1 event/9 h at our location was obtained. This result, combined with that reported by Nagasawa and Abo (Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 263) at Tokyo, Japan, reveals that the SSL occurrence can be relatively frequent at some mid-latitude locations. The statistical analyses of main parameters for the 26 SSL events were made, and the results were compared with those previously reported. By examining the corresponding data from a nearby ionosonde, it was found that there was a fairly good correlation between SSL and Es. Of the 18 pairs of SSL and Es events checked, 15 of SSL were accompanied by Es, and 8 pairs of them were correlated within 1 h in time and within 5 km in altitude. From the analyses of observed perturbations during SSL development, the role of dynamic processes of atmosphere in the SSL formations were emphasized.     

帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

分布于帕米尔东北缘羌塘地块上的穷阿木太克岩体,与班公湖怒江洋的闭合有着密切关系。岩体主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,穷阿木太克岩体的形成年龄为(107.0±1.2) Ma(MSWD=0.55),属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学结果显示,主量元素具有富Ca、富K、富碱等特点,岩石Al含量较高,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的钙碱性特征。稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型特征,并显示弱的负铕异常。微量元素表现出大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf强烈亏损。岩石在成因上可能是地壳下部基性岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的。结合本区所处的构造环境,早白垩世晚期穷阿木太克岩体可能形成于羌塘地块与冈底斯地块之间同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)的转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类,岩石系列从早到晚由中钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列演化。     

Immunohistochemical identification of dynorphin A and Kappa opioid receptor-1 in the digestive system of scallop Chlamys farreri

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Little is known about the roles of dynorphin and Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) in mollusks. In this study, we aim to determine the distribution of dynorphin A...     

利用混合法构建三维数字岩心(英文)

在弹性波有三维数字岩心描述了岩石的微观孔隙结构。X射线CT扫描是获取三维数字岩心最准确和直接的方法,但实验成本高。本文结合沉积过程模拟和模拟退火算法,提出了重建三维数字岩心的混合法,基于岩石二维图像重建三维数字岩心。利用岩石颗粒沉积算法构建初始数字岩心,作为模拟退火算法的初始状态。运用模拟退火算法调整岩石颗粒和孔隙的相对位置,使三维数字岩心与岩心二维图像具有相似的自相关函数,从而建立三维数字岩心。与传统模拟退火算法相比,该方法计算时间明显减小。运用局部孔隙度理论定量比较了重建数字岩心和岩心X射线微CT图像,两种数字岩心具有相似的均质性和孔隙连通性。利用有限元方法和格子玻尔兹曼方法分别模拟了重建三维数字岩心的地层因素和渗透率,数值模拟结果与实验结果相符。相比传统模拟退火算法,混合法重建数字岩心的传导特性更接近真实岩心的传导特性。     

太湖春季浮游植物群落对不同形态氮的吸收

为研究太湖春季浮游植物群落氮吸收特征及其与浮游植物群落结构和环境因子的关系,于2010年5月中旬采集太湖6个点位水样,利用15N稳定同位素示踪技术,测定太湖浮游植物群落对硝态氮,铵态氮和尿素的吸收,结果表明:太湖浮游植物群落对铵态氮的吸收速率均值最高,占几种氮总吸收量p(DN)的62.8%,各点位值在0.181 -1....     

视频对象分割及跟踪方法研究

讨论和分析了视频对象全自动提取及后续帧中的跟踪过程及采用的方法,对其算法、分割性能和结果进行了比较和评述。并结合Hausdorff和Snake跟踪器,对初始对象轮廓进行跟踪。结果证明,这种跟踪方法能有效地解决对象被遮挡和形变以及背景移动的问题。