紊流数值模拟中的图形动态显示

目前 ,紊流数值模拟程序几乎都是ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ语言编写的 ,由于用此语言编写图形处理程序的能力较弱 ,所以现今绝大部分数值计算均是先计算出结果 ,然后将其输入图形处理软件 ,再进行显示和输出 ,这样一来 ,周期长且效率往往不高。这是因为数值计算的成果很多 ,仅凭某种法则难以判断计算是否成功 ,有时看似成功的计算 ,当进行图形处理后 ,发现计算成果与实际不符。其原因可能是程序中的某个地方有误 ,或者法则本身有误。这种有误的程序有时也能得出收敛的结果 ,但其结果显然与实际相差较远 ,以致编程者不得不重新检查程序和重新计算。对于…     

Second-Order Wave Diffraction Around 3-D Bodies by A Time-Domain Method

A time-domain method is applied to simulate nonlinear wave diffraction around a surface piercing 3-D arbitrary body. The method involves the application of Taylor series expansions and the use of perturbation procedure to establish the corresponding boundary value problems with respect to a time-independent fluid domain. A boundary element method based on B-spline expansion is used to calculate the wave field at each time step, and the free surface boundary condition is satisfied to the second order of wave steepness by a numerical integration in time. An artificial damping layer is adopted on the free surface for the removal of wave reflection from the outer boundary. As an illustration, the method is used to compute the second-order wave forces and run-up on a surface-piercing circular cylinder. The present method is found to be accurate, computationally efficient, and numerically stable.     

Locomotor activity rhythm in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica elvers

Under artificial LD cycles(6,12,18 L),the elvers of Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica,showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions:the eels' activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off,followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time,and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on.Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d.Moreover,their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged:higher activity levels during shorter dark period.However,the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions.The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system.In all the LD cycles,over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase,indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be.Under 12 L conditions,the eels' activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10~15 to 20~25 ℃.The activity rhythm pattern(i.e.,two peaks occurring around light transitions) did not apparently change among temperatures.However,in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃,the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off,indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels' activity.     

台湾东侧黑潮区域海水的T-σt关系及其在动力计算中的应用

迄今为止的调查研究表明,海洋中的海流,特别是那些流速较大的强流:大都以地转流为其主要成份。因此,可以根据地转关系,应用观测所得的海水质量分布(即温、盐度或密度分布)计算出与实际较为相符的流速流量。这种过程就是海流的动力计算。 但是,由于温度资料比盐度资栂精确且易得,因此,人们在根据海水质量分布计算海流时,曾进行了种种简化,试图只根据温度分布及变化来研究海流。这大致可分为下列两方面： 其一,认为海水密度分布主要决定于温度,如果仅欲求得海流分布变化的粗略结果,可以不考虑盐度,直接根据单一的温度分布来计算流速流量。近年来,国内外所开展的一些工作,已为这种简化提供了初步的但较有力的证据。例如, Bryden(1974)通过对中大洋动力实验(MODE)区域两个锚锭站的温度和海流实测资料的分析,得出了水平流速的垂直切変和温度水平梯度的垂直积分之间颇为一致的关系。管秉贤在研究通过苏澳一与那国岛断面的黑潮的变异时,找到了100-200米水层处的温度水平梯度最大值与流量之间较好的关系。 其二,为了求得较为精确的结果,引入了平均的T-S关系曲线来考虑盐度分布对密度的影响。例如, Emery和Wert(1976)曾利用太平洋上每10°方格海域中的平均T-S曲线,对大量的温度断面进行了动力高度计算。所得结果,除了个別区域外,与用温盐资料算得的动力高度相比,误差都比较小。另外,在中大洋动力实验中,对许多只有温度而没有盐度资料的观测站,也是应用该海区的平均T-S曲线进行动力计算的。 本文应用国际黑潮合作调查(CSK)资料,对台湾东侧黑潮区域的水温(T)和条件密度(σt)进行比较,得出了这一区域的T-σt的相关关系式。运用这一关系式对该海区的温度断面进行动力计算,所得流速与用经典的动力计算方法得到的地转流速相比,其方向和量级都是一致的。另外,对东海的黑潮区域的海水,也用本关系式进行了讨论。     

泰利台风对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架影响的研究

本文利用卫星高度计数据和分析数据,并结合同时期现场深水潜标的流速观测数据,研究了超强台风泰利过境前后台湾东北附近海域流场、位势密度场、位势涡度场以及黑潮入侵东海陆架强度的变化。分析结果表明,泰利台风通过改变台湾东北陆坡附近海域的流场、位势密度场,显著地削弱(增强)了西段(东段)陆坡附近的位势涡度梯度,从而使得西段(东段)陆坡黑潮入侵东海陆架的强度显著增强(减弱)。此外,本文还区分了台湾东北西部陆坡附近表层的跨陆坡“上凸型”位势涡度分布与次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布,并认为次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布也应作为台湾东北西部陆坡附近“位势涡度障碍”的重要组成部分。本文的研究结果揭示了大气中的台风过程对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架产生显著影响的关键过程及机制,相关结论可为台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架变化规律的研究提供有价值的参考。     

水样及生物体内微量锌、锰、硒的极谱催化波同时测定

本文提出了在酒石酸盐-乙二胺-高氯酸-亚硫酸钠-高碘酸钾-EDTA体系中同时测定微量锌、锰、硒的极谱催化波，波峰敏锐，波形稳定。Zn2 浓度在0．4～40μg／dm3，Mn2 浓度在1．6～80μg／dm3，Se（Ⅳ）浓度在0．02～3．0μg／dm3范围内浓度与峰电流呈线性关系。取天然水样平行12份测定，变异系数在10％以内。     

不同水温对文昌鱼性腺发育的影响

研究表明，不同水温对文昌鱼性腺发育分化和成熟有十分显著的影响。１４℃对文昌鱼性腺发育没有显著的作用，２０和２５℃十分有利于性腺发育和成熟，经４０ｄ培养，出现一些雌、雄文昌鱼产卵和释精以及加速性腺发育。本文还讨论了水温促进性腺发育可能的机制。     

用新显色剂3-甲氧基-甲亚胺H光度测定海水中的硼

采用新试剂３－甲氧基－甲亚胺Ｈ测定海水中的硼，加入ＥＤＴＡ和酒石酸掩蔽各种干扰离子，不须分离可直接测定，方法简便、快速、准确。     

Role of mangrove in mercury cycling and removal in the Jiulong Estuary

Baseline of mercury in mangrove swamp The mercury content in sediments in the Jiulong Estuary was determined in 1984 and 1985(Table 1). The highest content of mercury in sediments (300×10~(-9)) was found in Ditou, contrast-ing strongly with the low content of 36×10~(-9) in Port Dongzhai in the Hainan Island. Tab1e 1 showsthat the average content of mercury in sediments in the Jiulong Estuary is 140×10~(-9) and the averageof four areas is 72×10~(-9). This value means that these areas have not been heavily contaminated by     

长江口南支潮流的一个数值模拟

为了能够精确地拟合天然水域不规则的水陆边界,并能保持有限差分数值计算在矩形网格中进行,本文利用Thompson的数值网格生成技术,在长江口南支七丫口至横沙河段设计了一个椭圆型边界拟合坐标系,并在这个坐标系下建立了平面二维潮流数学模型。通过数值求解此数学模型,实现了计算区域内现状潮流的一个数值模拟,模拟结果表明,模式的设计是成功的。