Land Use Allocation Based on Interval Multi-objective Linear Programming Model： A Case Study of Pi County in Sichuan Province

Adjusting and optimizing land use structure is one of the essential approaches to solve the conflict between land supply and demand. In this study,an uncertain interval multi-objective linear programming model was established and applied to analyzing the suitability of land use structure in Pi County of Sichuan Province. An adjustment scheme for optimizing land use structure was proposed on the basis of development planning drawn up by the local government. The results are summarized as follows: 1) the opti...     

Dynamic features of near-inertial oscillations in the Northwestern Pacific derived from mooring observations from 2015 to 2018

Near-inertial oscillation is an important physical process transferring surface wind energy into deep ocean.We investigated the near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) variability using acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements from a mooring array deployed in the tropical western Pacific Ocean along130°E at 8.5°N,11°N,12.6°N,15°N,and 17.5°N from September 2015 to January 2018.Spatial features,decay timescales,and significant seasonal variability of the observed NIKE were described.At the mooring sites of 17.5°N,15°N,and 12.6°N,the NIKE peaks occurred in boreal autumn and the NIKE troughs were observed in boreal spring.By contrast,the NIKE at 11°N and 8.5°N showed peaks in winter and troughs in summer.Tropical cyclones and strong wind events played an important role in the emergence of high-NIKE events and explained the seasonality and latitudinal characteristics of the observed NIKE.     

Late Holocene slip rate and average recurrence interval of great earthquakes on the Shangzhi segment of the Yilan‐Yitong Fault Zone,northeastern China: Constraints from paleo‐earthquakes and historical written records

The Yilan‐Yitong Fault Zone (YYFZ) is considered to be the key branch of the Tancheng‐Lujiang Fault Zone (TLFZ) in northeastern China. Although the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic deformation of the YYFZ has been studied intensively over the past century, few estimates of slip rate and recurrence interval of large earthquakes in the late Quaternary, which are the two most important parameters for understanding the potential seismic hazard of this crucial structure, were obtained. Based on integrated interpretations of high resolution satellite images and detailed geologic and geomorphic mapping, linear landforms were identified, including fault scarps and troughs, along the Shangzhi segment of the YYFZ, which exceeds 25 km in length. Synthesized results of trench excavations and differential GPS measurements of terrace surfaces indicate that two events (E1, E2) occurred along the Shangzhi segment during the late Holocene, which resulted in 3.2 ±0.1 m of total vertical co‐seismic displacement with clear features of thrust motion. ¹⁴C dating of samples suggests that event E1 occurred between 440 ±30 years BP and 180 ±30 years BP and that event E2 occurred between 4 090 ±30 years BP and 3 880 ±30 years BP, which indicates that the minimum vertical slip rate of the Shangzhi segment of the YYFZ has been approximately 0.8 ±0.03 mm/year during the late Holocene. Constraints from paleo events and the slip rate suggest that the average recurrence interval of major earthquakes on the YYFZ is 3 800 ±200 years. Historical documents in Korea show that event E1 possibly corresponds to the earthquake that occurred in AD 1810 (the Qing Dynasty in Chinese history) in the Ningguta area, which had surface‐wave magnitude (Ms) of 6.8–7.5. Studies of kinematics show that the right‐lateral strike‐slip with a reverse component has been dominant along the YYFZ during the late Holocene.     

Temporal Variability of Total Ozone in the Asian Region Inferred from Ground-Based and Satellite Measurement Data

This paper reports investigation data on the temporal variability of total ozone content (TOC) in the Central Asian and Tibet Plateau mountain regions obtained by conventional methods, as well as by spectral, cross-wavelet, and composite analyses. The data of ground-based observation stations located at Huang He, Kunming, and Lake Issyk-Kul, along with the satellite data obtained at SBUV/SBUV2 (SBUV merged total and profile ozone data, Version 8.6) for 1980–2013 and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and TOU (Total Ozone Unit) for 2009–2013 have been used. The average relative deviation from the SBUV/SBUV2 data is less than 1% in Kunming and Issyk-Kul for the period of 1980–2013, while the Huang He Station is characterized by an excess of the satellite data over the ground-based information at an average deviation of 2%. According to the Fourier analysis results, the distribution of amplitudes and the periods of TOC oscillations within a range of over 14 months is similar for all series analyzed. Meanwhile, according to the cross-wavelet and composite analyses results, the phase relationships between the series may considerably differ, especially in the periods of 5–7 years. The phase of quasi-decennial oscillations in the Kunming Station is close to the 11-year oscillations of the solar cycle, while in the Huang He and Issyk-Kul stations the TOC variations go ahead of the solar cycle.     

Antioxidative capacity and enzyme activity in Haematococcus pluvialis cells exposed to superoxide free radicals

The antioxidative capacity of astaxanthin and enzyme activity of reactive oxygen eliminating enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied in three cell types of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to high concentrations of a superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻). The results show that defensive enzymes and astaxanthin-related mechanisms were both active in H. pluvialis during exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂⁻. Astaxanthin reacted with ROS much faster than did the protective enzymes, and had the strongest antioxidative capacity to protect against lipid peroxidation. The defensive mechanisms varied significantly between the three cell types and were related to the level of astaxanthin that had accumulated in those cells. Astaxanthin-enriched red cells had the strongest antioxidative capacity, followed by brown cells, and astaxanthin-deficient green cells. Although there was no significant increase in expression of protective enzymes, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in red cells was sustained at a low level because of the antioxidative effect of astaxanthin, which quenched O₂⁻ before the protective enzymes could act. In green cells, astaxanthin is very low or absent; therefore, scavenging of ROS is inevitably reliant on antioxidative enzymes. Accordingly, in green cells, these enzymes play the leading role in scavenging ROS, and the expression of these enzymes is rapidly increased to reduce excessive ROS. However, because ROS were constantly increased in this study, the enhance enzyme activity in the green cells was not able to repair the ROS damage, leading to elevated MDA content. Of the four defensive enzymes measured in astaxanthin-deficient green cells, SOD eliminates O₂⁻, POD eliminates H₂O₂, which is a by-product of SOD activity, and APX and CAT are then initiated to scavenge excessive ROS.     

Zoospore-derived monoecious gametophytes in Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae)

The annual life cycle of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifi da(Harvey)Suringer comprises a macroscopic diploid sporophyte stage and a microscopic haploid gametophyte stage.In 2011,an unusual zoospore-derived monoecious gametophyte isolate(designated as line 10-5-3)of U.pinnatifi da was observed.To understand this phenomenon,a comprehensive screening of eighty-two previously identifi ed male gametophyte cultures,isolated from three randomly selected cultivars(lines 10,7,and 5)was performed.Thirty-six of the isolates developed both antheridia and oogonia on the same fi lamentous fragment in a standard gametogenesis test(SGT: 18°C,60 μmol photons/(m 2·s)).Selfi ng of the monoecious gametophyte or crossing it with a normal male gametophyte both gave rise to morphologically normal sporophytic offspring.However,crossing resulted in a much higher fertilization rate(89.7%).The hybrid and selfed sporophytic offspring were grown to maturity in fl ow tanks at an ambient temperature of 10–18°C over a period of 69 days.Active zoospores were released from both types of mature sporophylls.The majority of these developed into male gametophytes,while 15%–20% developed into the observed monoecious structures on the same fi lament.Using PCR amplifi cation it was found that all the monoecious gametophyte isolates and the sporophytic offspring resulting from the selfi ng and crossing lacked the femalelinked microsatellite sequence(a part of the locus Up-AC-2A8,GenBank accession No.AY738602.1),indicating their male nature.U.pinnatifi da is an invasive species in some regions and the implications of the above fi ndings for this species in nature are briefl y discussed.     

中国古代常规日食记录的整理分析

收集并分析了公元前8世纪到公元15世纪的中国古代密集、简略而公式化的日食记录。基于这些记录整理成一个包括938条日食记录的计算机可读形式的“常规日食记录表”。该表给出每次记录的原日期、公历日期、当时首都、所属朝代以及一部分记录所载的进一步详情。对该表的构成作了介绍,并对这些历史记录进行了初步的分析和归纳。     

真鲷的营养需要及配合饲料的研究初报

本文综述了真鲷的营养需要，研究了不同植物蛋白源对真鲷生长的影响，并在此基础上设计了三种饲料配方，试验结果表明Ｉ号饲料配方的增长率最高。     

十堰及邻区地震构造环境浅析

研究了十堰及邻区区域构造背景和地球物理场分布特点，分析了区域性地震构造与有感地震和中强地震活动的关系。结果表明：区内中强地震活动与北西西向、北北西向断裂及北东-北北东向断裂密切有关；5级左右地震活动发生在大型沉降区内次级凸起与凹陷的交接带、现代构造活动的盆地或地槽、莫霍面斜坡扭曲部位；6级以上地震发生在现代地壳隆起边缘的沉降区一侧或大型凸起与凹陷区的过渡部位。     

海底沉积物的基本地声结构与地声模型

为准确建立海底地声模型,本文探讨地声模型的基本组成和基本结构。通过样品实验室测量,分析南海海底表层沉积物的密度、孔隙度与声速随着埋深变化的关系,得出海底实际存在的低声速表面–声速缓慢变化类型、低声速表面–声速增大类型、高声速表面–声速缓慢变化类型和高声速表面–声速增大类型4种典型地声结构;对比钻探测量,分析黄海海底沉积物的密度、孔隙度与声速随埋深变化关系,得出海底地声模型分层特征与地声结构组合特征。研究表明,地声模型可以归结为4种基本地声结构的组合,通过与底层海水声速、同层内声速剖面以及与上层海底沉积物下表面声速的比较,可以建立各种海底地声模型;基于实验室测量法建立的地声模型可以作为参考地声模型,但需要考虑实际海底温度和压力梯度以及海底沉积物的频散特性等,借助于声速比校正法和频散性理论模型进行计算及修正。