柴达木盆地植被覆盖度的分析与模拟——空间自相关方法的运用(英文)

Relationship between vegetation and environmental factors has always been a major topic in ecology, but it has also been an important way to reveal vegetation’s dynamic response to and feedback effects on climate change. For the special geographical location and climatic characteristics of the Qaidam Basin, with the support of traditional and remote sensing data, in this paper a vegetation coverage model was established. The quantitative prediction of vegetation coverage by five environmental factors was initially realized through multiple stepwise regression (MSR) models. However, there is significant multicollinearity among these five environmental factors, which reduces the performance of the MSR model. Then through the introduction of the Moran Index, an indicator that reflects the spatial auto-correlation of vegetation distribution, only two variables of average annual rainfall and local Moran Index were used in the final establishment of the vegetation coverage model. The results show that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of vegetation. The role of spatial autocorrelation in the establishment of vegetation coverage model has not only improved the model fitting R2 from 0.608 to 0.656, but also removed the multicollinearity among independents.     

The Two-Dimensional Nonlinear FEM Analyses for the Diversion Tunnel on the Right Bank of Ertan Project

The two-dimensional nonlinear FEM results for Ertan project were introduced in this paper, which were analyses on the section 0+679m of the diversion tunnel on the right bank. The influence of the variation of rock properties on the stability of the tunnel and the role of step-by-step excavation and shotcrete and rock bolting were emphasized here. Some suggestions on construction were given. The paper is useful to the preliminary designs and construction for the diversion tunnel on the right bank.     

低可容空间浅水三角洲沉积层序及聚煤模式:以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为例*

为研究低可容空间浅水三角洲体系沉积层序及聚煤模式,以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为主要研究对象,开展层序地层研究,在层序地层格架内揭示低可容空间浅水三角洲体系聚煤模式。根据沉积相转换面以及下切谷冲刷面两类不整合面(SU)可将山西组划分为3个三级层序Sq1、Sq2及Sq3,每个三级层序代表 1期三角洲。通过最大洪泛面(MFS)与最大水退面(MRS)将每个三级层序划分为LST、TST及HST 3个体系域,代表 9个四级层序。根据岩性参数等值线绘制一系列特定于层序的沉积相图,在可容空间增长速率及泥炭堆积速率的控制下,三角洲平原泛滥平原及三角洲前缘泥炭沼泽为聚煤中心,位于冀中坳陷东部、黄骅坳陷中北部以及济阳坳陷部分地区。泛滥平原中形成的煤层厚度大,且聚煤中心具有随三角洲推进逐渐南移的趋势,三角洲前缘聚煤环境相对较差,形成的煤层厚度较薄,且易被分流河道砂体冲刷。渤海湾地区下二叠统浅水三角洲层序地层学及沉积学分析为聚煤模式提供了基础,该模式包括LST、TST早期、TST中期、TST晚期以及HST 5个时期的演化。煤层主要聚集在Sq1与Sq2的TST以及HST时期。这些成果对渤海湾地区煤炭资源勘探及提高钻探工程地质效果具有现实意义。     

裂隙网络多标度分形计算机模拟

岩体裂隙网络是不均匀，非对称的复杂分形，用简单分数维不能刻画其特征，必须采用多标度分形来研究，才能全面客观地描述其本质。文中介质了隙网络多标度分形计算机模拟原理与方法。     

新安大粒樱桃优质高产的气候条件分析

选取新安1959-2008年气温、降水、日照和风速这4个对大粒樱桃种植影响最大的气象因子,分析了大粒樱桃生育期气象因子对其生长的影响,结果表明:大粒樱桃在新安生长发育关键期温度适宜、果实发育期光照充足、花芽分化期水分充足,非常适宜大粒樱桃的种植.新安县气温升高、日照时数增多和平均风速降低的变化趋势,也有利于发展大粒樱桃的种植.对萌芽冻害、花期风害、膨大期涝害等气象灾害,可采取选种、选园、灌水、防霜等防御措施.     

利用Huffman算法对RINEX格式GPS观测文件进行压缩

针对RINEX格式的GPS观测数据文件，实现了利用Huffman算法进行数据压缩的软件编制并进行了成功的试验，数据压缩的比率在44％－50％之间，优于一般压缩工具如Winaip、Compress等。     

生排烃过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成的变化特征及其研究意义

通过对生排烃模拟实验产物 (残留油和排出油 )中正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成的测定,揭示出生排烃过程中正构烷烃碳同位素组成的变化特征。研究表明,生烃初期,液态正构烷烃主要来自干酪根的初次裂解,它们的碳同位素组成不论是在排出油中还是在残留油中,随温度的变化都不明显,呈现较相似的分布特征;在生烃高峰期,早期形成的沥青质和非烃等组分的二次裂解以及高碳数正构烷烃可能存在的裂解,使得正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成明显富集13 C,尤其在高碳数部分呈现出较大的差异。另外,实验结果显示排烃作用对液态正烷烃单体碳同位素组成的影响不太显著。     

Cosmogenic nuclide burial age of the Sanying Formation and its implications

The Pliocene fluvial/lacustrine sediments of the Sanying Formation lie along the Red River fault and its northwest extension;their majority outcrops appear around Eryuan.The Sanying Formation is characterized by multiple intercalated coal layers and its unconformities contact with the underlying Triassic limestone and the overlying Quaternary coarse sediments.Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating confirms the Pliocene age of the Sanying Formation.The burial ages of the overlying Quaternary sediments provide the lower age limit of the Sanying Formation:2 Ma.Detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution suggests provenance of the Sanying Formation traced to the Songpan-Ganzi flysch belt.From the spatial distribution as well as sedimentary and fault ages,we found a strong connection of the Sanying Formation with the Red River and the Jianchuan faults.We therefore propose that activation of the Red River and the Jianchuan faults during the Late Miocene resulted in subsidence of basins in the extensional areas around Eryuan and in the middle to south segments of the Red River fault.The basins were filled with water carried by the Jinsha River and overflow-lakes formed within the basins where the Sanying Formation was deposited.Most of the lakes were dried and sedimentation of the Sanying Formation ceased due to the uplift of the Yunling Mountains,which forced rerouting of the Jinsha River at the beginning of Quaternary.     

南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学

印度板块与欧亚大陆的汇聚作用和持续碰撞使中亚内陆沿天山、昆仑山、阿尔金山发生变形,山脉前沿发育褶皱冲断带。南天山库车褶皱冲断带中段库车河地区发育3～4排东西走向的逆冲(掩)断层和相关褶皱,逆冲(掩)断层由北向南扩展,断层和褶皱的形成时代自北向南逐渐变新,北部山前带的变形发生于前中新世,南部秋立塔克背斜带和亚肯背斜带的变形时代为上新世(5.2±0.2Ma)。通过构造几何学和运动学分析,作者提出了库车褶皱冲断带的构造变形方式和演化模型。     

杯法测氡原理及应用

本文分析了α测氡方法及应用的现状,针对目前存在的问题,通过实验研究,提出了α杯法测氡技术。文中详细论述了α杯法测氡原理、功能、特点、工作方法和应用情况。结果表明:α杯法测氡的灵敏度高、操作简单、效率高、成本低、能够为寻找基岩地下水、探测隐伏地质构造、解决工程地质问题等提供了可靠依据,有进一步推广应用价值。