全文获取类型
收费全文 | 326篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 8篇 |
地球物理 | 100篇 |
地质学 | 73篇 |
海洋学 | 62篇 |
天文学 | 69篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
自然地理 | 24篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 13篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1947年 | 2篇 |
1921年 | 2篇 |
1910年 | 1篇 |
1908年 | 1篇 |
1871年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有343条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
The dynamic response of tall civil structures due to earthquakes is very important to civil engineers. Structures exposed to earthquakes experience vibrations that are detrimental to their structural components. Structural pounding is an additional problem that occurs when buildings experience earthquake excitation. This phenomena occurs when adjacent structures collide from their out‐of‐phase vibrations. Many energy dissipation devices are presently being used to reduce the system response. Tuned mass dampers (TMD) are commonly used to improve the response of structures. The stiffness and damping properties of the TMD are designed to be a function of the natural frequency of the building to which it is connected. This research involves attaching adjacent structures with a shared tuned mass damper (STMD) to reduce both the structures vibration and probability of pounding. Because the STMD is connected to both buildings, the problem of tuning the STMD stiffness and damping parameters becomes an issue. A design procedure utilizing a performance function is used to obtain the STMD parameters to result in the best overall system response. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
Calibration of diatoms along a nutrient gradient in Florida Everglades Water Conservation Area-2A, USA 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sherri R. Cooper Jacqueline Huvane Panchabi Vaithiyanathan Curtis J. Richardson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(4):413-437
The relationship between diatom taxa preserved in surface soils and environmental variables at 31 sites in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) of the Florida Everglades was explored using multivariate analyses. Surface soils were collected along a phosphorus (P) gradient and analyzed for diatoms, total P, % nitrogen (N), %carbon (C), calcium (Ca), and biogenic silica (BSi). Phosphorus varied from 315-1781 g g-1, and was not found to be correlated with the other geochemical variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to examine which environmental variables correlated most closely with the distributions in diatom taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis with forward selection, constrained and partial CCA, and Monte Carlo permutation tests of significance show the most significant changes in diatom assemblages along the P gradient (p < 0.01), with additional species differences correlated with soil C, N, Ca, and BSi.Weighted-averaging (WA) regression and calibration models of diatom assemblages to P and BSi were developed. The diatom-based inference model for soil [P] had a high apparent r2 (0.86) with RMSEboot = 218 g g-1. Indicator diatom species identified by assessing species WA optima and WA tolerance to [P], such as Nitzschia amphibia and N. palea for high [P] (~1300-1400 g-1) and Achnanthes minutissima var. scotica and Mastogloia smithii for low [P] (~400-600 g g-1), may be useful as monitoring tools for eutrophication in WCA-2A as well as other areas of the Everglades. Diatom assemblages analyzed by cluster analysis were related to location within WCA-2A, and dominant taxa within clusters are discussed in relation to the geochemical variables measured as well as hydrology and pH. Diversity of diatom assemblages and a Disturbance Index based on diatom data are discussed in relation to the historically P-limited Everglades ecosystem. Diatom assemblages should be very useful for reconstructions of [P] through time in the Florida Everglades, provided diatoms are well preserved in soil cores. 相似文献
23.
The spacecraft ISEE-3 was launched in August 1978 and subsequently placed in orbit about the Sun-Earth L1 libration point where it continuously monitored the particles and fields in interplanetary space until mid-1982. The ISEE-3 Energetic Proton Anisotropy Spectrometer makes 3-dimensional intensity measurements of 35–1600 keV, Z ? 1 ions. This data is used in conjunction with simultaneous solar wind plasma and magnetic field data from the same spacecraft to study the properties of ions in interaction regions lying at the leading edges of nine corotating high speed solar wind streams observed during October 1978–July 1979. Seven streams have an enhancement of ? 300 keV ions in the compressed fast stream plasma between the stream interface and interaction region trailing edge. These enhancements are associated with plasma heating to above 3 × 105 K, have soft spectra (spectral index ~ 4.5?6.0) and in five cases show anti-solar streaming in the solar wind frame. 相似文献
24.
25.
Richardson BJ Lam PK Zheng GJ McClellan KE De Luca-Abbott SB 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1372-1379
The outer layers of layflat, low density polyethylene plastic tubing (the principal component of semi-permeable membrane devices, SPMDs) were biofouled at a clean site in Hong Kong coastal waters for periods of 1–4 weeks. Following pre-fouling, triolein was added to the SPMDs and, along with control (unfouled) devices, they were exposed to a range of organochlorine pesticides (-HCH, aldrin, p,p′-DDT) and PAHs (anthracene, fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the uptake of contaminants by SPMDs was severely reduced by as much as 50% under fouling conditions in comparison to unfouled controls. The ultimate utility of SPMDs as passive monitors is thus reduced, although alternative measures, such as the use of permeability reference compounds may compensate, and allow for realistic evaluations of dissolved environmental concentrations in aquatic environments. However, due to the complexities involved in such procedures––especially as they need to be conducted on a case-by-case basis––the utility of SPMDs appears to be limited for estimates of bioavailability unless necessary calibrations are undertaken within each environment that the sampler is used. 相似文献
26.
Acoustic turbidity caused by the presence of gas bubbles in seafloor sediments is a common occurrence worldwide,but is as yet poorly understood. The Coastal Benthic Boundary Layer experiment in the Baltic off northern Germany was planned to better characterize the acoustic response of a bubbly sediment horizon. In this context, in situ measurements of compressional wave speed and attenuation were made over the frequency range of 5–400 kHz in gassy sediments of Eckernförde Bay. Dispersion of compressional speed data was used to determine the upper limit of the frequency of methane bubble resonance at between 20 and 25 kHz. These data, combined with bubble size distributions determined from CT scans of sediments in cores retained at ambient pressure, yield estimates of effective bubble sizes of 0.3–5.0 mm equivalent radius. The highly variable spatial distribution of bubble volume and bubble size distribution is used to reconcile the otherwise contradictory frequency-dependent speed and attenuation data with theory. At acoustic frequencies above resonance (>25 kHz) compressional speed is unaffected by bubbles and scattering from bubbles dominates attenuation. At frequencies below resonance (<1 kHz) ‘compressibility effects’ dominate, speed is much lower (250 m s-1) than bubble-free sediments, and attenuation is dominated by scattering from impedance contrasts. Between 1.5 and 25 kHz bubble resonance greatly affects speed and attenuation. Compressional speed in gassy sediments (1100–1200 m s-1) determined at 5–15 kHz is variable and higher than predicted by theory (<250 m s-1). These higher measured speeds result from two factors: speeds are an average of lower speeds in gassy sediments and higher speeds in bubble-free sediments; and the volume of smaller-sized bubbles which contribute to the lower observed speeds is much lower than total gas volume. The frequency-dependent acoustic propagation is further complicated as the mixture of bubble sizes selectively strips energy near bubble resonance frequencies (very high attenuation) allowing lower and higher frequency energy to propagate. It was also demonstrated that acoustic characterization of gassy sediments can be used to define bubble size distribution and fractional volume. 相似文献
27.
Amphibole zonation in metabasites as a guide to the evolution of metamorphic conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Timothy J. B. Holland Stephen W. Richardson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,70(2):143-148
In low grade metabasites the amphibole components tremolite, glaucophane, edenite and tschermakite have their activities controlled
by interactions with the excess components albite, clinozoisite, chlorite, quartz and H2O vapor. Three types of reaction are involved, (i) Those in which only components of condensed phases take part: isopleths
of equilibrium constant are straight lines in the P-T plane. (ii) Dehydration reactions in which entropy change due to change in Al coordination is of the same sign as that due
to dehydration: isopleths of constant K are positive at low pressure and negative at high pressure. (iii) Dehydration reactions
in which entropy change due to Al coordination change is opposite in sign to that of dehydration: isopleths of constant K
loop in the P-T plane with positive slopes at low and at high pressure.
Zonation in naturally occurring amphiboles records the evolution of metamorphic conditions in particular rocks. In an example
from the eastern Alps (Austria) early conditions calculated as 15 kb, 200 ° C evolve upgrade to 6 kb, 525 ° C implying concurrent
heating and erosion. The record of evolving conditions may span some 30 Ma of geological history. 相似文献
28.
D. B. Clarke C. B. McKenzie G. K. Muecke S. W. Richardson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,56(3):279-287
Accessory andalusite has been found in some late-stage granitic differentiates of the South Mountain batholith. The andalusite is petrographically distinct from the andalusite of the thermal aureole, and it occurs in regions of the batholith which show little evidence of contamination by the country rocks. Analyses of biotites from andalusite-bearing and andalusite-free phases suggest that those coexisting with andalusite actually grew in equilibrium with the andalusite. It is concluded that magmatic andalusite must be confined mainly to water-saturated, peraluminous, epizonal granites, and some possible P-T paths for the crystallization of magmatic andalusite are considered. 相似文献
29.
Milton Blander H.N. Planner K. Keil L.S. Nelson N.L. Richardson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(8):889-896
Laser-melted magnesium silicate droplets, supercooled 400–750°C below their equilibrium liquidus temperatures before crystallization, were examined to provide a comparison with meteoritic and lunar chondrules and to examine physicochemical parameters that may indicate the conditions of their formation. Internal textures of the spherules strikingly resemble textures observed in some chondrules. Definite trends in crystal morphology, crystal width and texture were established with respect to nucleation temperature and bulk composition. Such trends provide a framework for determining the nucleation temperature of chondrules. The only phase to nucleate from the supercooled forsterite-enstatite normative melts was forsterite, which was present in more-than-normative amounts. Highly siliceous glass (~65wt. % SiO2) was identified interstitially to the forsterite crystals in seven of the spherules and is thought to be present in all. The presence of enstatite and the large proportion of crystals in some meteoritic chondrules implies that they were maintained at temperatures considerably in excess of 600°C at some point in their history. 相似文献
30.
Bradley J. Griffin S. Thiele M. Richardson M.D. Thorne P.D. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(1):64-77
The U.S. Navy is supporting the research to develop and validate stochastic, time-dependent, mine burial prediction models to aid the tactical decision making process. This research requires continuous monitoring of both mine behavior during burial, and the near-field processes responsible for burial. A new instrumented mine has been developed that far exceeds the capabilities of the earlier optically instrumented mine in terms of the burial processes that can be measured. The acoustic-instrumented mine (AIM) utilizes acoustic transducers to measure burial and scour, localized flow rates, and sediment size and concentration in the water column. The AIM also includes sensors for measuring mine orientation and movement, as well as oceanographic information such as significant waveheights, wave period, and water temperature. Four AIMs were constructed and deployed during the Indian Rocks Beach (IRB, FL) and Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA) mine burial experiments. The results from the field experiments have proven that the sensor suite is viable in providing a wealth of data that are critical in understanding and modeling the complex subsequent burial process. 相似文献