斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地生境质量时空变化及分异特征

斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地是全球重要的亚洲象保护区,象群分布密度约为其他地区的10倍,但由于生境破碎与丧失以及人象冲突等原因导致亚洲象数量急剧下降。对斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地的生境质量监测与评估能够为亚洲象及其栖息地的保护政策制定与规划提供理论依据,并在全球物种多样性保护中具有重要意义。为评估斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地的生境质量,综合考虑亚洲象栖息地需求以及影响亚洲象栖息地的关键要素,应用InVEST-HQ模型来估算生境质量指数,同时分析亚洲象栖息地生境质量在海拔梯度及植被覆盖梯度上的分布状况;随后引入空间自相关分析方法在像元尺度上探讨亚洲象栖息地生境质量的空间分布模式与时间演化过程,进而分析栖息地内不同保护区和气候分区的生境质量所存在的空间分异特征。研究结果表明：在空间分布上,斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地生境质量具有高度聚集性,空间异常值不显著。生境质量高值区主要集中在中低海拔、植被覆盖情况较好、保护区范围密集的区域;生境质量低值区集中于耕地面积大、海拔偏高的区域。在梯度分布上,斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地生境质量对海拔和植被覆盖度均具有显著线性相关关系,且在较低海拔和较高植被覆盖度梯度上存在聚集现象。在区域尺度上,斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地生境质量存在显著的地域差异性。栖息地内自然保护区的生境质量明显高于非自然保护区,其中严格自然保护区的生境质量相对较高;热带雨林气候带的生境质量高值聚类大于其余气候分区,而热带疏林草原气候带与热带季风气候带生境质量受到季节性降水的影响较大,高值像元占比偏少。在时间尺度上,斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地的生境质量总体呈现先降低后趋于平缓的态势。1995年—2010年,生境质量高值聚类占比明显减少,低值聚类占比缓慢上升;2010年—2020年生境质量低值占比有小幅度下降,高值聚类逐渐增加,生境质量逐渐稳定并呈缓慢上升的趋势。     

大城市都市区制造业空间演变特征及其影响因素——以长沙市为例

以长沙都市区为例,基于1978—2020年制造业企业数据,运用标准差椭圆、核密度分析法和空间计量回归模型等方法,探讨长沙都市区制造业空间演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：1978—2020年,长沙都市区制造业空间扩张规模较大,以“西北—东南”向扩张为主,由中心区扩张转变为郊区集聚重组。其中,劳动密集型制造业以接触性扩散和等级扩散为主,呈“中心集聚、分散布局”的空间特征,资本密集型制造业呈“大范围扩散、小范围集聚”的空间特征,技术密集型制造业受国家级开发区吸引较大,区位指向性强。在制造业空间演变过程中,社会经济、生产成本和政府行为等因素产生显著影响。3类制造业的关键影响因素有所不同：劳动密集型制造业主要受经济基础、生产成本和政府行为的影响;对于技术密集型制造业而言,社会经济、劳动力成本、交通可达性、工业园区数和创新能力作用突出;资本密集型制造业对人口数量、生产成本、交通可达性和工业园区数的依赖性强。所有制造业均明显受到对外开放水平的负向影响。     

Reconsidering the Suitability Assessment Method for Glacier Tourism: A Case Study from Tibet,China

Glacier retreat is becoming more widespread and severe due to global warming, and improper exploitation of glacier resources by tourism activities accelerates the destruction of glacier landscapes. Therefore, establishing a set of quantitative assessment tools is critical for guiding the rational utilization of glacier tourism resources. This study selected regional tourism resources, the natural environment of glaciers, service support, and market demand factors to build a suitability assessment method for glacier tourism (SAMGT), and it used the Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the index weights, and combined them with GIS analysis technology. The Tibet autonomous region was proposed in this study as a case to build the SAMGT and provide scientific support for the rational development, scientific management, and sustainable development of glacier tourism resources. With regard to influencing the suitability of glacier tourism resource development, the results indicate that the weights of glacier resource endowment, ecological vulnerability, and tourism resource combination were high whereas that of market demand-related factors was low. The glacier tourism resource development area in Tibet can be divided into suitable, relatively suitable, barely suitable, and unsuitable exploitation zones, accounting for 5.39%, 9.76%, 15.28%, and 69.57% of the total area, respectively. Five representative glaciers were selected to verify the validity or test the rationality of SAMGT and prove that the model is reasonable, innovative, and effective from the perspectives of multiple dimensions and the comprehensiveness of the selected indicators.     

准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界粘土矿物地球化学特征及其物源分析

准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界地层主要分布于准噶尔盆地南缘与天山耦合部位。通过X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界沉积岩样品进行了测试。本文根据样品中常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素（REE）特征以及特征元素比值等地球化学参数,探讨了准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界物源区构造背景、物源性质及风化程度。通过常量、微量元素构造判别图（含量及比值）判断得出中-新生界沉积岩源岩以长英质岩石为主,构造背景为活动性大陆边缘。准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界具有较低化学蚀变指数（CIA）和较高成分成熟度变化指数（ICV）的特征,分布范围分别为52～89、0.37～1.82,反映准南中-新生界物源区古风化程度低、沉积物成分成熟度低,表明物源区构造活动强烈,属于快速剥蚀和搬运的构造环境。     

Discovery of Marine-terrestrial Transitional Facies Shale Gas in Taiyuan Formation of Zhenjia 1 Well, Northern Shaanxi, Ordos basin

<正>Objective At present,there is controversy regarding the existence of marine-terrestrial transitional facies that can act as a source of shale gas.This detailed study of CarboniferousPermian age geological data from the northern Shaanxi area(China)provides new insight for this type of shale gas.In addition,a new deposition and accumulation pattern for this type of shale gas is established.Thus,the objectives of this study were to identify high quality gasbearing shale intervals in the lithological column of the     

Simplified methods to analyze geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil

A special case of geosynthetic tubes is the geosynthetic mattress characterized by its larger width-to-height ratio and higher lateral-force-resisting capacity. When the geosynthetic mattresses are adopted for dike or breakwater construction in coastal engineering projects, they are often laid on deformable foundation soil. The induced ground settlement will influence the cross-sections and tensile forces of the geosynthetic mattresses. Two analytical methods, called the Winkler foundation method and the e–log p method, are proposed in this paper to analyze the geosynthetic mattresses resting on deformable foundation soil. For the Winkler foundation method, the subgrade soil is assumed as a Winkler elastic foundation represented by the modulus of subgrade reaction, K_f. For the e–log p method, the 1D consolidation relationship (e–log p curve) is adopted to describe the behavior of the subgrade soil within which the distribution of vertical surcharge is calculated using Boussinesq equation. The numerical analyses using FLAC are also conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. The differences between the analytical and numerical solutions are also discussed. It is found from this paper that the proposed e–log p method is more suitable than the Winkler foundation method for the calculation of the geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil.     

利用SCIT算法分析江淮地区对流云特征

本文设计了一种运用SCIT算法提取雷达拼图中对流云特征量的方法:用SCIT算法识别并追踪云体,算法中只用一个反射率阈值识别对流单体、云体边界;使用模糊逻辑法区分层状云和对流云,提取对流云雷达特征量。使用该方法提取了2013—2015年江淮地区夏季对流云的雷达特征量,并对雷达特征量与降水量分布的关系进行统计分析。结果表明:江淮地区夏季对流云中生命史为13～30 min的对流云比较多,约占总数的60%;生命史大于30 min的对流云较少,并具有平均回波强度、VIL、冷层厚度较大的特征,其最大回波强度和VIL与降水量的相关性较好。     

“一带一路”沿线国家1992年—2015年土地覆盖变化的时空格局及其驱动力分析

土地覆盖变化影响局域的能源和水平衡，并在全球范围内促进碳的净排放。基于欧空局气候变化倡议项目最新发布的1992年—2015年300 m分辨率的全球土地覆盖数据集，本文分析了1992年—2015年“一带一路”沿线主要土地覆盖类型变化的时空特征及其驱动力。研究结果表明：1992年—2015年沿线耕地、草地和建设用地面积分别增加190.00×10³ km²、57.97×10³ km²和260.39×10³ km²，森林、灌木、湿地和水体面积分别减少61.14×10³ km²、34.22×10³ km²、74.28×10³ km²和44.41×10³ km²。2000年—2015年与1992年—2000年相比，沿线土地覆盖变化的区域空间格局基本一致，但区域变化呈现了新的特征。东南亚区建设用地扩张明显加速，耕地面积增速下降，森林面积减速上升，灌木面积减速下降明显；东亚区建设用地持续高速扩张，耕地面积持续减少，森林面积减速明显下降，草地面积持续增加；中东欧区建设用地扩张速度明显下降，耕地面积减速上升；俄罗斯建设用地扩张持续缓慢，森林面积稳中有升，草地和灌木面积增速下降。分析进一步显示人口增长、气候变化、社会经济发展和政府相关政策是造成沿线国家土地覆盖变化的主要驱动因素。     

Ecofriendly improvement of coastal calcareous sandy slope using recycled shredded coconut coir (RSC) and bio-cement

Acta Geotechnica - Coconut can be found extensively in the coastal area of south China, where sandy slopes always suffer from erosion due to typhoon. Recycled shredded coconut coir (RSC) was...     

Combined effects of climatic factors on extreme sea level changes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Ocean Dynamics - Extreme sea level events (ESLs) act as a comprehensive consequence of climate change, and a better understanding of the impact processes of climatic factors on ESLs variability is...