秋季抚仙湖湖滨带大型底栖动物生态学研究

2011年秋季对抚仙湖水域10个站位进行大型底栖动物的采样调查,研究了该湖泊湖滨带底栖动物的群落结构。共鉴定底栖动物10个分类单元,其中水生昆虫类和软体动物等主要类群分别为1种和6种,各占总物种数的10%、60%。主要优势种为拟沼螺、日本沼虾。调查区底栖动物的密度介于26～229ind/m2之间,平均值为97.9ind/m2。生物量介于0.96～15.69g/m2之间,平均值为6.77g/m2。香农-威纳多样性指数介于0～1.45之间,平均值为0.82。     

辽东林家三道沟-小佟家堡子地区金（银）矿成矿特征及成因

以林家三道沟、小佟家堡子金（银）矿床为例,系统总结了区内金（银）矿床的成矿条件及地质特征,对矿床的相关岩体、围岩及矿石进行了流体包裹体、稳定同位素测试分析。结果表明：矿床赋存于古元古界辽河群大石桥亚群杨树沟岩组第6岩段碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造和盖县亚群汤家沟岩组碎屑岩建造中;主要容矿岩石为硅化大理岩、变粒岩、片岩;近矿围岩蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化和碳酸盐化;自然金的粒度以显微不可见金为主;均一温度（100～200 ℃）、成矿流体盐度（w（NaCl）（1.91 % ～9.73%）均较低;矿石石英中成矿流体δD值为-48.0‰～-93.0‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O计算值为-8.63‰～+1.31‰,表明成矿流体主要来自于地热水和原生地层水;矿石硫同位素δ³⁴S值平均为+8.61‰,赋矿围岩、岩体δ³⁴S为＋0.50‰～＋7.6‰,表明矿石中硫主要来自古元古代地层和印支晚期岩体;金（银）矿石中²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.664～19.186 7,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.044～15.883,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为37.693～38.784,铅源具有壳幔混合源特点。矿床成因类型为沉积变质-岩浆热液叠加型。     

Cenozoic sedimentary records and geochronological constraints of differential uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Geological mapping data (1:250000) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent regions reveal the sediment sequences, distribution and tectonic evolution of the 92 Tertiary remnant basins. Southern Tibet and the Yecheng area in Xinjiang, located at southern and northwestern margins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, respectively, were parts of the Neo-Tethys remnant sea in the Paleogene. In southern Tibet, both the subabyssal and abyssal sequences occur at the Gyangze, Saga, Guoyala, and Sangmai areas. The deep-water facies successions outcrop in the west, whereas the shallow-water facies sequences in the east, indicating the east to the west retreat of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The retreat of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in the east was contributed to the earlier tectonic uplift of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The uplift process of the Plateau from the Late Cretaceous to Pliocene is described as follows: During the Late Cretaceous, tectonic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred in the northeastern part and the configuration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was characterized by rise in the northeast and depression in the west. In the Paleocene-Eocene interval, the Tengchong-Baingoin and Kuyake-Golmud areas experienced local tectonic uplifting, the West Kunlun uplift zone broadened easterly, the Qilian uplift zone broadened southerly, and the Songpan-Garzê uplift zone shrank easterly. The Oligocene configuration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was characterized by mountain chains rising along its margins and sedimentary basins in the central part because of tectonic uplifts of the Gangdisê and the Himalaya blocks. Meanwhile, the Kunlun-Altyn-Qilian uplift zones have also broadened southerly and northerly. In contrast, the great uplift zones of the Gangdisê, the Himalaya, the Karakorum, and the Kunlun blocks characterize the paleogeographic contours of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Miocene-Pliocene. Additionally, the thermochronological data on tectonic uplift events in southern Tibet, West Kunlun Mountains, Altyn Tagh, eastern Tibet, and western Sichuan all suggest that the most intense deformation occurred at 13-8 Ma and since 5 Ma, respectively, corresponding to two great uplift periods in Neogene. As a result, turnover of paleogeographic configuration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred during the Neogene, experiencing a change from high contours in the east in the pre-Oligocene to high contours in the west at the end-Pliocene. The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Cenozoic was episodic, and the uplifts of various blocks within the Plateau were spatially and chronologically different.     

老挝万象平原盐丘发育程度与钾盐找矿策略

老挝万象平原不同矿区盐丘构造发育程度不同。由于盐丘控制了钾盐矿层的分布,因此研究盐丘及其发育程度并对其分级,对万象平原及其周边地区的钾盐找矿具有重要参考意义。通过对万象平原大量的钾盐勘查资料研究,将该区域内盐丘构造按发育程度不同分为Ⅲ级(较发育)、Ⅱ级(发育)和Ⅰ级(极发育)三个级别。属Ⅲ级的有通芒盐丘和班海盐丘,属Ⅱ级的有农刀及塔贡盐丘,属Ⅰ级的为农哈湖盐丘。在万象平原进行钾盐勘查时,发育程度不同的盐丘及盐丘的不同部位的工程布设不同,找矿效果也不同。     

Three-dimensional numerical study on the failure characteristics of intermittent fissures under compressive-shear loads

A 3-D conjugated bond-pair-based peridynamic model is developed to comprehensively investigate failure characteristics of rock-like materials with intermittent fissures in the compressive-shear loading tests. Rock-like specimens containing one single central fissure are first simulated. Numerical results indicate that the 3-D conjugated bond-pair-based peridynamic model can faithfully reproduce failure characteristics of rock-like materials under compressive-shear loads. Then, the failure characteristics of rock-like specimens containing two parallel central intermittent fissures are numerically investigated. Effects of fissure inclination angle, fissure ligament length and rock bridge angle on fracturing behaviors, such as crack coalescence patterns, are also studied as well as crack initiation stress and coalescence stress.

     

GIS支持下的鲁东南丘陵区茶树土地适宜性评价

首先研究了暖温带茶树品种生长与自然条件的关系,分析确定了典型区日照市茶树种植的评价因子;然后在1:5万比例尺地图上,运用ARCGIS对一月平均风速和不同高度下温度因子进行了模拟,并在模拟了天文辐射的基础上对气温因子进行精细订正;同时结合土壤、坡度、相对湿度等因子建立了评价因子量化分级表;最后,运用了模糊数学(Fuzzy)综合评价模型,实现了土地适宜性评价.按照评价结果将研究区分为茶树最适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜种植区,并对各类区进一步作了分析和讨论.     

高分辨折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用

浅层反射地震方法是城市活断层探测常用的技术,但在基岩埋深比较浅的地区,往往只能识别出基岩顶面的反射波,而仅根据反射地震剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难准确判定断层是否存在.浅层地层的错断往往会引起速度的横向变化,利用高分辨折射地震方法采集的数据,应用层析成像方法获得的速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅层断层存在的可能性.在四川某地,将这两种方法同时应用于活断层浅层地震勘探中.结果表明,两种方法联合应用可在一定程度上弥补浅层反射地震勘探方法在基岩埋深较浅地区的不足.     

废弃矿区生态旅游开发与空间重构研究

废弃矿区的生态环境损害成为当前制约资源枯竭的城市和矿区可持续发展的重要问题,然而生态旅游又是废弃矿区产业转型的一个重要方向.因此本文在对现有研究深入分析的基础上,以环境经济学理论为指导.分析了废弃矿区"经济-环境-旅游"耦合系统的构成及进行生态旅游开发的特点和存在的问题;从废弃矿区生态旅游开发具体实施的角度入手,提出了废弃矿区生态旅游开发空间重构的思路与策略;并以北京市门头沟区王平镇为例,基于生态旅游开发的目标分析了废弃矿区生态修复的总体布局和修复工程.以期为该类研究提供借鉴.     

Discovery of Marine-terrestrial Transitional Facies Shale Gas in Taiyuan Formation of Zhenjia 1 Well, Northern Shaanxi, Ordos basin

<正>Objective At present,there is controversy regarding the existence of marine-terrestrial transitional facies that can act as a source of shale gas.This detailed study of CarboniferousPermian age geological data from the northern Shaanxi area(China)provides new insight for this type of shale gas.In addition,a new deposition and accumulation pattern for this type of shale gas is established.Thus,the objectives of this study were to identify high quality gasbearing shale intervals in the lithological column of the     

Simplified methods to analyze geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil

A special case of geosynthetic tubes is the geosynthetic mattress characterized by its larger width-to-height ratio and higher lateral-force-resisting capacity. When the geosynthetic mattresses are adopted for dike or breakwater construction in coastal engineering projects, they are often laid on deformable foundation soil. The induced ground settlement will influence the cross-sections and tensile forces of the geosynthetic mattresses. Two analytical methods, called the Winkler foundation method and the e–log p method, are proposed in this paper to analyze the geosynthetic mattresses resting on deformable foundation soil. For the Winkler foundation method, the subgrade soil is assumed as a Winkler elastic foundation represented by the modulus of subgrade reaction, K_f. For the e–log p method, the 1D consolidation relationship (e–log p curve) is adopted to describe the behavior of the subgrade soil within which the distribution of vertical surcharge is calculated using Boussinesq equation. The numerical analyses using FLAC are also conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. The differences between the analytical and numerical solutions are also discussed. It is found from this paper that the proposed e–log p method is more suitable than the Winkler foundation method for the calculation of the geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil.