相似像素的Harris角点检测改进算法

针对Harris算法提取的角点对尺度变化较敏感,且运行速度慢的问题,该文提出了一种基于相似像素的Harris角点检测改进算法。受SUSAN算法启发,改进算法首先计算目标像素8邻域内与之相似的像素数目,并据此筛选出候选角点;然后利用候选角点的相似像素数目改进角点响应函数;最后进行局部非极大抑制确定最终角点。实验结果表明,与Harris算法相比,改进算法所提取的角点位置更加准确,重复率较高,且角点检测时间仅为原算法的26.63%。本文所提算法提高了Harris算法的角点检测效率和稳定性。     

Distribution of borehole temperature at four high-altitude alpine glaciers in Central Asia

The distribution of borehole temperature at four high-altitude alpine glaciers was investigated. The result shows that the temperature ranges from -13.4℃ to -1.84℃, indicating the glaciers are cold throughout the boreholes. The negative gradient （i.e., the temperature decreasing with the increasing of depth） due to the advection of ice and climate warming, and the negative gradient moving downwards relates to climate warming, are probably responsible for the observed minimum temperature moving to lower depth in boreholes of the Gyabrag glacier and Miaoergou glacier compared to the previously investigated continental ice core borehole temperature in West China. The borehole temperature at 10m depth ranges from -8.0℃ in the Gyabrag glacier in the central Himalayas to -12.9℃ in the Tsabagarav glacier in the Altai range. The borehole temperature at 10 m depth is 3-4 degrees higher than the calculated mean annual air temperature on the surface of the glaciers and the higher 10 m depth temperature is mainly caused by the production of latent heat due to melt-water percolation and refreezing. The basal temperature is far below the melting point, indicating that the glaciers are frozen to bedrock. The very low temperature gradients near the bedrock suggest that the influence of geothermal flux and ice flow on basal temperature is very weak. The low temperature and small velocity of ice flow of glaciers are beneficial for preservation of the chemical and isotopic information in ice cores.     

Microstructural and mechanical properties of marine clay cemented with industrial waste residue-based binder (IWRB)

Improving the engineering properties of low-strength soft clay in an environmentally friendly way becomes a challenge in coastal areas. Conventional ground treatment techniques for marine clay using cement can cause significant environmental pollution. In this study, the potential use of industrial waste residue-based binder (IWRB), a silicate-based chemical modified by a powdery polymer, as a substitute for Portland cement (PC) is investigated. Collected marine clay was treated with various IWRB-to-PC ratios (0:8, 4:4, 2:6 and 8:0 wt. %) to measure the mechanical properties, through unconfined compression (UC) test and one-dimensional consolidation (ODC) test, and the microstructural and mineralogical characters, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength and the deformation of specimens treated with mixed IWRB and PC in a ratio of 1:1 were similar to those improved with PC alone, but the toughness was significantly improved. The microstructural results demonstrated that the cementitious compounds (C–S–H and C–A–S–H) increased significantly in the early curing stage of marine clay treated with IWRB, contributing to the improvement of mechanical properties. It is suggested that IWRB can be an effective substitute for PC to reduce the cost and environmental pollution.

     

积温对比法在鸭梨始花期预报中的应用

利用2012—2018年鸭梨花芽发育实景观测照片,精准判定每个鸭梨花芽发育物候期节点发生时间,以此为依据统计鸭梨花芽每个发育物候期的气象要素数据,以物候期为单位分析气象影响因子对花芽发育过程的影响。研究表明:温度在鸭梨花芽发育各阶段起主导作用,筛选出鸭梨花芽萌发到始花、开绽到始花、露蕾到始花3个时段日平均气温≥0℃活动积温和≥3℃有效积温,作为制作鸭梨始花期预报的积温指标计算鸭梨开花日期,得到"积温对比预报法";经2016—2018年应用检验:预报时效10～12d时预报结果与鸭梨开花实况误差在1～2d以内,预报时效7d时预报结果与鸭梨开花实况完全吻合。本研究克服了传统植物花期预报研究因花前物候资料匮乏、不能进行花前发育期分析的缺陷,并把"中长期天气预报产品"引入了花期预报方法的使用,为植物花期预报研究方法提供了新思路。     

基于EEMD及BP神经网络的区域海平面多尺度预测研究

基于时间序列的统计预测模型是现阶段海平面高度预测的主要手段之一,然而海平面变化机理复杂,传统方法对于非平稳非线性的时间序列预测存在较大局限性,预测精度有待进一步提高.本文基于闸坡站长时间(1959～2011年)月均验潮序列,结合集合经验模态分析(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EEMD)与BP(Back Propagation)神经网络方法,提出一种改进的区域海平面变化趋势预测方法——EEMD-BP建模.本研究首先利用EEMD方法对原始序列进行分解,根据验潮序列中隐含的各个信号的不同频谱特征生成多个本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF),达到将时间序列平稳化,提高信噪比的效果.然后由各IMF作为BP神经网络的输入因子,分别预测各IMF的未来变化趋势,最后将输出结果重建得到原始序列的预测值.结果显示,EEMD能有效提取序列中隐含的多时间尺度信号,神经网络能较好地预测海平面未来变化趋势,相对于直接使用BP神经网络进行海平面变化时间序列预测(R=0.76,RMSE=36.74mm,ME=-3.46),EEMD-BP建模预测精度有显著提高(R=0.89,RMSE=28.16mm,ME=2.31).说明EEMD-BP建模首先对非平稳非线性时间序列进行平稳化、降噪等处理,再分别对分解后序列进行预测,有利于提高预测精度.该方法为相关区域海平面变化趋势预测研究提供现实参考意义.     

末次盛冰期以来泸沽湖沉积记录的正构烷烃分布特征和单体碳同位素组成及其古植被意义

泸沽湖是云贵高原上典型西南季风区的一半封闭湖泊,本文通过研究水深69.3m处长度为18.3m岩芯中15个样品的陆源高等植物正构烷烃分布特征及碳同位素组成,揭示了湖区木本/草本植被和C3/C4植被的变化历史,并试图探讨C3/C4植被变化的可能影响机制.在末次盛冰期至全新世早期,正构烷烃含量及(C27+C29)/2C31比值逐渐增加,正构烷烃(碳数＞C25)的平均碳链长度(ACL)值逐渐减少,指示木本植物比例相比草本植物较多且呈逐渐增加态势,表明气候逐渐向暖湿方向发展;而同一时期,陆源高等植物正构烷烃(C27、C29和C31)δ13C值均逐渐偏正,无法用气候变化来解释,应该反映了C3/C4植被变化,由此,通过二元模式计算得出的C4植物比例从19.6％逐渐增加至31.9％,上述结果表明该时期温度升高对C4植物增多起了主要作用.到全新世中期,正构烷烃分布特征表明木本植物比例依然较高,表明此时气候温暖湿润,而δ13C值则呈偏负的趋势,我们认为这是降雨增加和C4植物减少协同导致的.在全新世晚期,正构烷烃分布特征指出草本植物比例相对增加,而该时期的δ13C值则稍微偏正,这可能是因为气候变干所导致的.陆源高等植物正构烷烃分布特征所揭示的植被变化可以与研究区域孢粉记录进行较好对比.研究进一步明确了温度是C4植物出现的主控因素,而在温度满足要求时降雨的增多会降低C4对C3植物的竞争优势.     

Variable length LMS adaptive filter for carrier phase multipath mitigation

Multipath on carrier phase measurements is among the major error sources for short baseline positioning. A new method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the positioning results by mitigating the multipath effects on carrier phase measurements using the variable length Least Mean Square (VLLMS) adaptive filter. The performance of the filter is analyzed as well as compared with that of the standard LMS adaptive filter using a set of carrier phase observation data of two consecutive days collected in a short baseline experiment. Because the two antennas are static, the multipath error is the only dominant component in the carrier phase double-differenced residuals and indicates a repeated pattern. The numerical results show that both filters can significantly mitigate the multipath effects in carrier phase double-differenced residuals, and hence improve the positioning results. Furthermore, the VLLMS filter that reduces up to about 47.4% of the multipath effects on 3D positioning performs better than the LMS filter that only reduces 22.0%. Both filters are suitable for real-time applications.     

激光制导波段大气透过特性的仿真计算

利用大气辐射传输模型MODTRAN对激光制导波段的大气透过特性进行了仿真计算,分析了大气分子、气溶胶、雾、降雨、水平能见度以及不同探测路径对激光制导波段透过率的影响,结果表明:1.06μm激光在大气传输中大气分子吸收衰减作用非常小,基本可忽略不计;气溶胶的影响较大,且透过率随着能见度的降低而减小;雾和降雨对激光的衰减作...     

北京郊区节事旅游发展时空分异特征

伴随着节事及节事旅游在中国广大乡村地区的推广和应用,乡村节事逐渐由乡村地方经济发展策略转变为区县区域发展战略的一部分。在区域尺度下,由于各节事举办地在资源禀赋、社会经济、交通区位等方面的差异,以及宏观经济环境的不断变化,导致节事发展在时间分布及空间分布上均呈现出一定的非均衡性,演绎出嬗变与分异的基本特征。研究区域范围内节事时空分异现象,准确把握其时空变化特征及其影响因素,不仅有助于正确认识节事区域性时空布局的发展与演变规律,对于区域尺度下节事与节事旅游的布局优化与资源整合同样意义深远。本文以北京郊区作为区域样本,以1980-2009年节事举办数据为时间样本,综合SPSS回归分析、波士顿矩阵、GIS等研究方法,首先阐释了京郊区域10个区县节事举办的年际、年内分布规律、发展的阶段分期及其阶段性特征;随后,在定量测度区域范围内10个区县节事发展水平的空间差异的基础上,进一步总结了其空间分异特征;最后,通过SPSS相关性分析方法的引入,分别从城市化水平和空间可达性二个角度对其与乡村节事空间分异现象形成的关联程度进行了验证性分析,在此基础上,结合京郊乡村节事在区域层面的应用实践进一步解释了空间分异现象的若干成因及其影响因素。