全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5304篇 |
免费 | 1088篇 |
国内免费 | 1468篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 694篇 |
大气科学 | 1093篇 |
地球物理 | 1022篇 |
地质学 | 2923篇 |
海洋学 | 673篇 |
天文学 | 122篇 |
综合类 | 498篇 |
自然地理 | 835篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 68篇 |
2023年 | 177篇 |
2022年 | 367篇 |
2021年 | 417篇 |
2020年 | 327篇 |
2019年 | 427篇 |
2018年 | 357篇 |
2017年 | 339篇 |
2016年 | 357篇 |
2015年 | 344篇 |
2014年 | 377篇 |
2013年 | 390篇 |
2012年 | 380篇 |
2011年 | 359篇 |
2010年 | 344篇 |
2009年 | 364篇 |
2008年 | 293篇 |
2007年 | 290篇 |
2006年 | 292篇 |
2005年 | 236篇 |
2004年 | 160篇 |
2003年 | 154篇 |
2002年 | 181篇 |
2001年 | 150篇 |
2000年 | 125篇 |
1999年 | 128篇 |
1998年 | 76篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 73篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有7860条查询结果,搜索用时 575 毫秒
981.
Ling Bian Shixiong Hu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1009-1032
The development of interoperable environmental process models is widely supported by both the research community and government agencies. This paper discusses a conceptual framework to guide the delineation of process components, the basic unit of interoperable models. The concepts of semantic reference system and dual hierarchy are explored to establish the conceptual framework. Based on this discussion, the Formal Concept Analysis is used as an analytical approach to decompose and fuse existing environmental process models in order to identify environmental process components. For purposes of discussion, a hydrological process, surface runoff, is used throughout the paper as an example of an environmental process to support the conceptual discussion and to illustrate the application of the conceptual framework and analytical approach. 相似文献
982.
Ling Yin 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):742-761
Exploring the evolution of people’s social interactions along with their changing physical locations can help to achieve a better understanding of the processes that generate the relationships between physical distance and social interactions, which can benefit broad fields of study related to social networks. However, few studies have examined the evolving relationships between physical movements and social closeness evolution. This is partially related to the shortage of longitudinal data in both physical locations and social interactions and the lack of an exploratory analysis environment capable of effectively investigating such a process over space and time. With the increasing availability of sociospatiotemporal data in recent years, it is now feasible to examine the relationships between physical separation and social interactions at the individual level in a space–time context. This research was intended to offer a spatiotemporal exploratory analysis approach to address this challenge. The first step was to propose the concept of a social closeness space–time path, which is an extension of the space–time path concept in time geography, to represent evolving human relationships in a social closeness space. A space–time geographical information system (GIS) prototype was then designed to support the representation and analysis of space–time paths in both physical and social closeness spaces. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed concept and design in gaining insight into the impact of physical migration on online social closeness was demonstrated through an empirical study. The contributions of this study include an extension of the time–geographic framework from physical space to social closeness space, the development of a multirepresentation approach in a GIS to integrate an individual’s space–time paths in both physical and social closeness spaces, and an exploratory analysis of the evolving relationships between physical separation and social closeness over time. 相似文献
983.
The smoothness of HASM 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chuanfa Chen Tianxiang Yue Honglei Dai Maoyi Tian 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1651-1667
To smooth noises inherent in uniformly sampled dataset, the smoothness of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM) was explored, and a smoothing method of HASM (HASM-SM) was developed based on a penalized least squares method. The optimal smoothing parameter of HASM-SM was automatically obtained by means of the generalized cross-validation (GCV) method. For an efficient smoothing computation, discrete cosine transform was employed to solve the system of HASM-SM and to estimate the minimum GCV score, simultaneously. Two examples including a numerical test and a real-world example were employed to compare the smoothing ability of HASM-SM with that of GCV thin plate smoothing spline (TPS) and kriging. The numerical test indicated that the minimum GCV HASM-SM is averagely more accurate than TPS and kriging for noisy surface smoothing. The real-world example of smoothing a lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) showed that HASM-SM has an obvious smoothing effect, which is on a par with TPS. In conclusion, HASM-SM provides an efficient tool for filtering noises in grid-based surfaces like remote sensing–derived images and DEMs. 相似文献
984.
985.
Sparsity constrained deconvolution can improve the resolution of band-limited seismic data compared to conventional deconvolution. However, such deconvolution methods result in nonunique solutions and suppress weak reflections. The Cauchy function, modified Cauchy function, and Huber function are commonly used constraint criteria in sparse deconvolution. We used numerical experiments to analyze the ability of sparsity constrained deconvolution to restore reflectivity sequences and protect weak reflections under different constraint criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of sparsity constrained deconvolution depends on the agreement between the constraint criteria and the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences; furthermore, the modified Cauchyconstrained criterion protects the weak reflections better than the other criteria. Based on the model experiments, the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences of carbonate and clastic formations is statistically analyzed by using well-logging data and then the modified Cauchy-constrained deconvolution is applied to real seismic data much improving the resolution. 相似文献
986.
987.
988.
Fine round gravel soil is widely employed in the subgrade of high speed railways in cold regions to prevent frost heaving
and thawing. The lower the fines content in fine round gravel soil, the smaller the quantities of frost heaving and thawing,
but compaction difficulty increases. This study is to obtain the optimum fines content and limited frost heaving and
thawing. The fine round gravel soil filling (FRGSF) used in the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line is taken as the
study object. Influence of fines content on optimum water content, maximum dry density and frost heaving properties of
FRGSF were studied by means of compaction and frost heaving tests. Results show that the maximum dry density of the
FRGSF increases first and then decreases with an increase of fines content, namely there is an optimum fines content for
easy compaction. The method of surface-vibratory instrument is fit for coarse-grained soils, and wet state of
coarse-grained soil is in favor of compaction. Considering the relationship of fines content with maximum dry density and
the frost heaving ratio of FRGSF, the fines content should be limited to within the range of 9%-10%, so that the frost
heaving ratio is less than 1%, and the FRGSF is easily compacted. Water supply is proved to be an important factor influencing
the amount of frost heaving of FRGSF. We also conclude that in the field, it is imperative to control waterproofing
and drainage measures. 相似文献
989.
Lake area information in the Badain Jaran Desert in 1973, 1990, 2000, and 2010 was obtained by visual interpretation and water
index analysis of remote sensing images, based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of lake area changes during 37 years.
Results indicated that the number of lakes declined from 94 to 82 and the total surface area was reduced by 3.69 km2 during
1973–2010. The desert lake area reduced by different degrees in different periods, but this occurred most rapidly during
1973–1990. According to the statistics of lake area changes, lake area decreases mainly occurred in the lakes with areas less than
0.2 km2, while the areas of lakes greater than 0.9 km2 only fluctuated. The changes of lake areas were probably due to changes in
the quantity of underground water supplies rather than the effects of local climate change or human factors. 相似文献
990.
运用高分辨率卫星遥感影像立体像对,利用少量的外业控制点,进行l:10000比例尺地形图立体测图精度试验,获取分辨率更高的彩色影像。 相似文献