浅部约束的地磁测深C-响应一维反演

地磁测深研究的周期范围通常为10~5~10~7s,缺少反映浅部电性结构的短周期信息,而C-响应受浅部电阻率影响明显,因此本文提出在反演中增加浅部(约200 km)电阻率约束以提高深部反演的稳定性和可靠性.在磁层环状电流满足P_1~0假设的条件下,球坐标系中一维导电薄球层状地球的C-响应和电导率分布关系由边界条件通过递推的方法计算得到.反演采用有限内存拟牛顿(L-BFGS)法;浅部电阻率约束通过将目标函数对模型参数的梯度设为零来实现;通过置信区间分析评价约束反演结果的可靠性.合成数据的无约束反演虽然最终的拟合效果很好,但浅部电阻率受初始模型影响,差异较大;采用浅部约束后,反演结果对初始模型依赖性明显减小,同时还能显著提高200~600 km范围内反演结果的准确性.对全球近地轨道卫星观测的C-响应数据约束反演后结果与前人一致,表现为地幔电导率整体上随着深度的增加而增加.参数置信区间分析表明,由于约束反演加入了浅部信息,电阻率的变化范围更加紧致,说明反演结果更加可靠.因此,有必要通过其他地球物理方法,如长周期大地电磁测深等获得浅部电阻率分布,作为先验信息参加反演,进行浅部约束的C-响应反演,获得更可靠的一维全深度电性结构,为地磁测深数据解释奠定基础.     

Levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate and hexabromocyclododecanes in surface sediments from the Yellow River Delta wetland of China

The levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) of surface sediments in the Yellow River Delta wetland had been investigated. The concentrations of TBC and ∑ HBCDs ranged from 0.20 to 29.03 ng·g^? 1 dw and below limits of detections (LODs) to 20.25 ng·g^? 1 dw. The average composition profile of three HBCDs isomers were 10.1%, 6.1% and 83.8% for α-, β- and γ-HBCD, respectively. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated there are similar sources among three isomers and positive correlations between total organic carbon (TOC) content and concentrations of TBC and HBCDs. The mass inventory of TBC,α-, β-, γ-HBCD, ΣHBCDs in surface sediments of Yellow River Delta wetland were estimated about 725.50, 72.76, 44.29, 548.34, 665.39 kg. Therefore, further investigations on potential human health and environmental risk assessments of TBC and HBCDs were needed.     

2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震前LURR异常时空演化特征

基于加卸载响应比理论,对2017年8月9日新疆精河6.6级地震前加卸载响应比时空演化特征和异常区的孕震积分时程曲线进行分析。结果表明,在精河6.6级地震前,研究区出现了明显的加卸载响应比高值异常区域,异常区呈现环状特征;而且,异常区域随时间逐渐向震源附近迁移,异常演化过程中异常区域内部和周围发生了6次5级以上地震,其中,2次6级地震发生在异常高值减弱过程中,异常峰值到发震的时间分别为11、22个月,大于以往研究的理论发震时间,这可能是受构造应力区域性特征影响的缘故。     

2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0地震序列分析

2017年8月8日四川九寨沟发生M_S7.0地震,该地震发生在巴颜喀喇块体的东北边界,震中区域构造条件复杂,是巴颜喀喇块体北侧左旋走滑环境向东侧逆冲挤压环境过渡的位置,附近地区历史强震较多。九寨沟地震是一次主-余型地震,余震活动水平较弱,主震发生后短时间内M_L≥4.0余震的“等待时间”存在异常,震后较长时间余震活动恢复到正常状态,序列h值、余震视应力等符合主-余型序列特征。序列b值为0.84,G-R关系推测序列最大余震的震级约为M_L5.4（M_S5.0）,8月9日发生的M_S4.8地震是目前该序列的最强余震。通过与1970年以来附近地区7级左右地震序列的对比认为,九寨沟地震与1976年松潘-平武2次7.2级地震序列在余震空间位置、发震构造和震源机制等方面存在较大差异,因此,不具备发育为震群型序列的条件。九寨沟地震主震视应力为0.36～0.38MPa,属于应力下调模型,序列余震的平均视应力水平接近龙门山断裂带附近中小地震的平均背景水平。     

土壤水环境中有机污染物生物处理过程模型研究

生物处理是一种经济有效处理土壤水环境中有机污染物的手段,本文在研究土地生物处理过程的基础上,建立了综合描述有机污染物在土壤－水－微生物系统中扩散、吸附／解吸、屏蔽和生物降解过程的数学模型。为确定模型中各参数在模型计算中的作用和相对重要性,进行了参数灵敏度分析,预计数学模型可以定量预测有机污染物进行土地生物处理所需的要时间和程度,为构建土地生物处理工程提供参考。     

正二十面体六边形全球离散格网编码运算

全球离散格网系统是指把地球表面按照一定规则离散分割成多分辨率层次结构的格网单元,广泛应用于海量多源空间数据的组织、管理和分析中。六边形全球离散格网具有优良的几何特性,非常适合于空间数据的处理,如何进一步提高六边形全球离散格网编码运算的效率仍是当前研究的重点。本文采用正二十面体施耐德投影四孔径六边形全球离散格网模型,基于六边形三轴坐标与编码的二进制数的对应关系构建四孔六边形的基础编码结构,将二十面体划分为32个基础六边形,并将之分为3种基础六边形剖分瓦片,在每个六边形剖分瓦片采用基础编码结构进行编码,建立了四孔六边形全球离散格网编码,同时设计了并实现了四孔六边形编码与六边形三轴坐标之间的快速转换,基于此构建了一种高效的四孔六边形全球离散格网编码运算方案,包括编码的算数运算、空间拓扑运算和邻域检索运算及跨面运算。与现有的六边形全球离散格网编码运算方案相比,本文的方案进一步提高了编码算数运算、空间拓扑运算和邻域检索运算的效率,编码加法运算是HLQT的2～3倍,邻域检索运算分别是HLQT的3～5倍和H3的2～3倍,且受格网编码层次的影响较小,编码的跨面邻域检索运算时间略高于面内的运算,可以为全...     

SIMULATION STUDY OF ROAD-CUT EFFECTS ON SLOPE STABILITY

Landslides and rock falls along the highway are common geological hazards in Southwest China. As an influencing factor on potential landslides behavior, roads or distance to roads have been successfully used in landslide susceptibility assessments in mountainous area. However, the relationship between the road-cut and the slope stability is not clear. Therefore, we performed two-dimensional slope stability calculation using the general limit equilibrium (GLE)method incorporated in the software SLOPE/W of GeoStudio for stability analysis of slopes. Our studies show that the man-made roads influence on the slope stability mainly exists in two ways:One is to create a new steep slope, which will result in rock falls and shallow landslides along the roads; the other is to influence the stability of the original slope, which will result in comparatively huge landslides. For the latter, our simulation study reveals that the road location, namely at which part of a natural slope to construct a road is important for the slope stability. For a natural slope with a potential slip surface, if a road is constructed at or near the slope toe where the potential slip surface surpasses, it will greatly degrade the slope's factor of safety (Fs) and make the slope unstable; however, if a rode-cut is near the top of the slope, it will increase the slope's Fs and make the slope more stable. The safety location is different for different slope angle, steeper slope needs a higher location for a safety road-cut in comparison with gentle slopes. Moreover, the slope stability decreases when loading a seismic force and it varies with the slope angle. Firstly, the Fs decreases when the slope angle increasing, and when the slope angle reaches 45°, the Fs then becomes greater with the slope angle increasing.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE

In order to analyze 3-dimensional movement and deformation characteristics and seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone, we inverted for dynamic fault locking and slip deficit rate of the fault using the GPS horizontal velocity field of 1999-2007 and 2013-2017 in Sichuan-Yunnan region, and calculated annual vertical change rate to analyze the vertical deformation characteristics of the fault using the cross-fault leveling data during 1980-2017 locating on the Xianshuihe fault. The GPS inversion results indicate that in 1999-2007, the southeastern segment of the fault is tightly locked, the middle segment is less locked, and the northwestern segment is basically in creeping state. In 2013-2017, the southeastern segment of the fault is obviously weekly locked, in which only a patch between Daofu-Bamei is locked, and the northwestern segment is still mostly in creeping state, in which only a patch at southeastern Luhuo is slightly locked from surface to 10km depth. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate of the Zhuwo, Gelou, Xuxu and Goupu sites on the northwestern segment is larger, which means vertical movement is relatively active, and annual vertical change rate of the Longdengba, Laoqianning, and Zheduotang sites on the southeastern segment is small, which means the fault is locked, and the vertical movement changes little before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. Combining with the 3-dimensional movement and deformation, seismic activity and Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe Fault, we consider the seismic risk of the southeastern segment is larger, and the Wenchuan earthquake reduced the far-field sinistral movement and the fault slip deficit rate, which may reduce the stress and strain accumulation rate and relieve the seismic risk of the southeastern segment.     

C-RESPONSE OF GEOMAGNETIC DEPTH SOUNDING ON A 1D THIN SHELL MODEL

This paper tries to formulate the C-response of geomagnetic depth sounding(GDS)on an Earth model with finite electrical conductivity. The computation is performed in a spherical coordinate system. The Earth is divided into a series of thin spherical shells. The source is approximated by a single spherical harmonic P₁⁰ due to the spatial structure of electrical currents in the magnetosphere. The whole solution space is separated into inner and external parts by the Earth surface. Omitting displacement current, the magnetic field in the external space obeys Laplacian equation, while in the inner part, due to the finite conductivity, the electromagnetic fields obey Helmholtz equation. To connect the magnetic fields in the inner and external space, the continuity condition of magnetic fields is used on the Earth surface. The external magnetic fields are expressed by the inner and external source coefficients, from which a new parameter called C-response is computed from the inner coefficient divided by the external coefficient, thus normalizing the actual source strength. The inner magnetic fields in each layer can be recursively derived by the continuity boundary condition of both normal and tangential components of the magnetic field from the initial boundary condition at core-mantle-boundary. The consistency of our C-responses with that from a typical 1-D global model validates the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results also show that the C-response estimated from the geomagnetic transfer function method will deviate exceeding 5%from the actual response at longer periods than about 10⁶s, which means that ignoring the curvature of the Earth at extreme long periods will make inversion result unreliable. Therefore, an accurate C-response should be computed in order to lay a solid foundation for reliable inversion.     

2013年岷县—漳县MS6.6地震前水氡浓度的临界慢化现象研究

基于临界慢化理论, 以2013年7月22日甘肃岷县—漳县M_S6.6地震前南北构造带及邻区水氡浓度观测资料为例, 逐一计算了表征临界慢化现象的自相关系数和方差。 研究结果表明, 2013年岷县—漳县M_S6.6地震前, 10个台点水氡浓度资料表现出较明显的临界慢化现象, 且出现慢化现象的观测点空间分布具有一定丛集性, 慢化持续时间呈现出由南向北迁移的特征。 综合分析认为, 临界慢化方法可以有效识别水氡资料蕴含的慢化信息, 这些早期异常信号对判定前兆异常所处阶段以及深入理解前兆资料变化的物理内涵具有重要的科学意义。