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Development of 101 novel EST-derived single nucleotide polymorphism markers for Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri)

Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,based on the expressed sequence tags(EST),a total of 300 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected and validated using high resolution melting(HRM) technology with unlabeled probe.Of them,101(33.7%) were found to be polymorphic in 48 individuals from 4 populations.Further evaluation with 48 individuals from Qingdao population showed that all the polymorphic loci had two alleles with the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.046 to 0.500.The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.925 and from 0.089 to 0.505,respectively.Fifteen loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and significant linkage disequilibrate was detected in one pair of markers.BLASTx gave significant hits for 72 of the 101 polymorphic SNP-containing ESTs.Thirty four polymorphic SNP loci were predicted to be non-synonymous substitutions as they caused either the change of codons(33 SNPs) or pretermination of translation(1 SNP).The markers developed can be used for the population studies and genetic improvement on Zhikong scallop.     

官桥断块地下水资源量分析评价

在收集利用前人研究成果的基础上,采用补给量法计算地下水资源量,开采系数法计算地下水可开采资源量,通过调查统计获得地下水开采资源量,最后得到研究区地下水的补给资源量、可开采资源量及剩余资源量,提出地下可持续开发利用建议。     

Diagnosis of river basins as CO2 sources or sinks subject to sediment movement

Sediment movement during erosion, transport and deposition greatly affects the ecosystem of river basins. However, there is presently no consensus as to whether particular river basins act as carbon dioxide (CO₂) sources or sinks related to these processes. This paper introduces a rule‐of‐thumb coordinate system based on sediment delivery ratio (SDR) and soil humin content (SHC) in order to evaluate the net effect of soil erosion, sediment transport and deposition on CO₂ flux in river basins. The SDR–SHC system delineates CO₂ source and sink areas, and further divides the sink into strong and weak areas according to the world‐average line. The Yellow River Basin, most severely suffering soil erosion in the world, only appears to be a weak erosion‐induced CO₂ sink in this system. The average annual CO₂ sequestration is ~0·235 Mt from 1960 to 2008, a relatively small value considering its 3·1% contribution to the World's sediment discharge. The temporal analysis shows that the Yellow River Basin was once a source in the 1960s, but changed its role to become a weak sink in the past 40 years due to both anthropogenic and climatic influences. The spatial analysis identifies the middle sub‐basin as the main source region, and the lower as the main sink. For comparison, sediment‐movement‐related CO₂ fluxes of eight other major basins in four continents are examined. It is found that the six basins considered in the Northern Hemisphere appear to be sinks, while the other two in the Southern Hemisphere act as sources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西数字地震台网仿真前后震级偏差对比分析

选取山西数字地震台网2010年不同震级,不同地点的地震事件,按照中国地震局的编目要求对波形进行WA仿真处理,对比仿真前后的震级大小,找出其中存在的偏差,为地震资料的衔接提供参考.     

小波分析及其在我国地球物理学研究中的应用进展

小波分析在当前数学领域、物理领域和地质领域中,是一个发展迅速的分析工具,它同时具有理论上的深刻性和应用的广泛性.由于小波具有时频分析的重要特性,已经在地球物理的相关问题研究中显示其独特的作用.本文较全面的介绍了小波分析理论基础、发展历史,及其在我国地球物理学研究中的应用进展,并在此基础上对地球物理领域小波分析所存在的问题以及应用前景作了进一步的分析.     

5.12汶川震区植被遥感动态监测与分析

依照遥感应用数据选择原则,选取了5.12汶川地震前后三年周期内同季节的Landsat-TM遥感图像,进行了遥感植被监测应用的波段选择分析和NDVI提取方法的详细介绍,并分别用NDVI植被指数、监督分类等方法对震区地震前后的植被信息进行了提取、统计和对照分析.结果表明,从2007年9月到2008年7月,灾区植被的总体分布有所减少,减少量为5.3％;从2008年7月到2009年6月,植被的总体分布有所增加,2009已经接近2007年水平,达到震前覆盖率的98.3％.     

新疆地震应急卫星网络常见问题处理

从新疆地震局应急卫星网络的实际工作出发,介绍了新疆地震应急卫星网络的构成,运行过程中经常出现的问题,给出了常见问题的解决方案,总结了卫星网络运行维护经验,为应急系统类似设备提供案例以及分析方法。     

Assessing spatial pattern of urban thermal environment in Shanghai, China

The aggravating urban thermal environment has considerable adverse effects on urban physical environment, energy consumption, and public health. Due to the complexity of factors contributing to the urban thermal environment, traditional statistical methods are insufficient for acquiring data and analyzing the impacts of human activities on the thermal environment, especially for identifying dominant factors. Based on thermal remote sensing imageries and Geographic Information System analysis, we assessed spatial pattern of urban thermal environment in Shanghai in 2008, and analyzed the factors contributing to the generation of urban heat island (UHI) using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that Shanghai had obvious UHI with uneven spatial pattern in 2008. Further, we identified three most important components leading to the variances of Shanghai’s UHI: the gradient from man-made to natural land cover, landscape configuration, and anthropogenic heat release. A linear model has thus been successfully constructed, implying that PCA is helpful in identifying major contributors to UHI. The findings are of significance for policy implication to urban thermal environment mitigation.     

Managing Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna is an important but not well managed fishery in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper, management system is evaluated with information on stock status, resource rent, and total employment. The non-restrictive implementation of International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) policies is found to be the institutional reason for its management failure, while the common-property and shared stock nature of this fishery is the fundamental reason. To address these major issues, policy schemes are proposed to help sustainably manage this valuable resource in the Mediterranean Sea.