Response of a pile group behind quay wall to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading:a shake-table investigation

The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.     

氮磷营养盐对微氏海链藻细胞生化组成的影响

探讨了高营养盐条件下氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比[n(N):n(P)]异动对微氏海链藻(Thalassiosiraweissflogii)的细胞碱性活性基团含量、细胞干质量、细胞形态及细胞体中碳水化合物、蛋白质、叶绿素含量,即对细胞生命力和表面吸附力的影响。结果表明,n(N):n(P)=16时,叶绿素、碳水化合物和蛋白质含量最高,生长状况及生命力最佳,有利于金属吸收,n(N):n(P)偏离16,各组份含量均减少。碱性活性基团和藻细胞大小,当n(N):n(P)=8时最大,表面吸附金属能力最强;n(N):n(P)=64时最小,不利于金属的吸附。氮磷摩尔比对微氏海链藻细胞体主动吸收和生物吸附金属的影响不同。     

基于DINEOF的风云极轨气象卫星海表温度重构方法研究

海表温度是表征海洋表层热力状况的重要海洋参数,日均全天候覆盖的海温观测数据可为服务台风监测及其他海洋灾害时空演变的精细化预报提供数据支撑。可见光红外扫描辐射计和中分辨率光谱成像仪反演的海温产品具有较高的空间分辨率,但是红外遥感反演的海温产品受到云、雾和霾的影响,在云下存在大面积、无规律的缺值;微波辐射计反演的海温产品空间分辨率低,但可穿透云层,实现全天候海温观测。本文基于风云三号B、C、D三颗极轨气象卫星红外和微波遥感仪器反演的海温资料,利用经验正交函数插值法(DINEOF)重构得到全球海表温度产品。与全球分析场日平均海温OISST数据进行比较可知：原始海温资料的均方根误差为0.59~0.70℃,DINEOF重构后海温资料均方根误差降至0.10~0.34℃;相关系数从0.33~0.48提升到0.78~0.98。多传感器重构海温数据空间分布上连续可信,能够监测不同季节的海温变化特征及暖池空间模态。风云三号气象卫星微波遥感的加入显著提升了重构海温的空间连续覆盖率和时间分辨率。     

基于磁力耦合器的载人潜水器电力推进装置研究

基于磁力耦合传动技术,对载人潜水器电力推进装置进行了系统设计与传动特性研究。采用电磁场有限元方法研究了永磁式磁力耦合器的运行机理和矩角特性,分析了其稳定传动区域和失步条件;分析了螺旋桨的负载特性,采用切比雪夫多项式研究了螺旋桨的四象限全工况动态模型;建立了水下无刷直流推进电机的数学模型和传递函数,设计了推进电机的转速闭环控制系统以抑制转速波动,提高输出推力的平稳度。完成了样机的设计与制造,通过水池试验验证了该推进装置在载人潜水器上的可行性与适用性。     

顾及误差的宗地合并算法

地籍信息系统的宗地合并操作时常会失效,其原因是实际测量的宗地图形与系统要求的理想化宗地图形有一定的差异。本文针对该问题,讨论了公共点的匹配与公共边的匹配,构造了顾及误差的宗地合并算法。该算法在地籍信息系统GBland中得到应用,应用结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于“3S”技术GPS-PDA在土地变更调查中的应用研究

本文首先分析了土地变更调查的必要性以及传统土地变更调查的缺陷,介绍了当今国内外土地变更调查的发展趋势和方向,将"3S"技术用于土地变更调查的技术路线以及在"3S"技术的支持下GPS-PDA用于土地变更调查的工作流程;最后用一个实例说明了整个系统工作过程及其优势。     

黑土地硒含量的航空高光谱综合反演模型

针对单纯利用光谱信息建立土壤硒含量反演模型时,通常会产生模型精度受限、模型参数难以解释的问题,该文基于硒的空间分布影响因素开展综合建模.以黑龙江省海伦典型黑土区为研究区,利用CASI/SASI航空高光谱数据、土壤理化性质和地形因子,在筛选模型变量的基础上采用随机森林法建立综合模型.结果 表明:硒与土壤理化性质的关系非常密切,其中与有机质、全氮、全磷、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、pH呈极显著正相关,与SiO2、Na2O呈极显著负相关;硒与地形因子的关系相对较弱,其中与起伏度和地形粗糙指数呈显著正相关.在光谱特征上,硒与光谱反射率的相关性主要体现了有机质和铁锰氧化物的光谱吸收特征.将筛选的相关指标按照不同组合方式进行建模和对比讨论,结果显示光谱、理化性质和地形因子均对提升模型精度有贡献,整体上光谱和理化性质占主导地位.当模型自变量为全部3类数据时,模型的建模和验证精度均为最高,表明综合模型不仅提升了硒元素的建模精度,而且改善了模型的稳健性.     

Estimating the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in an alpine-valley watershed of Xinjiang,China

ABSTRACT

The spatial-temporal variation of runoff in an inland basin is very sensitive to climate change. Investigation of runoff change in arid areas is typically limited by lack of meteorological and hydrogeological data. This study focused on runoff change in the Yarkand River source area of the Tarim Basin, China, with the aim of analysing the influence of climate change on the response characteristics of discharge. Sensitivity analysis was introduced to reflect the degree of influence of climate on runoff. Based on the sensitivity factors, over 30 sets of schemes including the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report were simulated using the MIKE 11/NAM rainfall–runoff model and the response of runoff was analysed. The results indicate that there are significant correlations and synchronous fluctuations between runoff and precipitation, evaporation and temperature. The characteristics of the sensitivity of runoff can be fitted well by Bi-Gaussian functions. The functions show that high sensitivity indexes mainly appear in the interval of 165 ± 100 m³ s^-1. The influence of precipitation on runoff is greater than that of other climate factors. Through simulation using the NAM model, we found that change of annual runoff was related to the initial climate condition. Annual runoff will have an increasing trend if it has a strong sensitivity to the initial meteorological condition. Moreover, the runoff decreases linearly with evaporation. Also it has a positive relationship with temperature and precipitation. Across the four seasons, the impact in summer and winter is greater than that in spring and autumn. Estimation of the spatial-temporal influence of climate on runoff could provide insight for water resource development in arid areas.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Associate editor not assigned     

通量差分裂格式的二维水流水质计算的适用性分析

将通量差分裂(FDS)格式应用于二维水流水质数值模拟中.应用若干理想条件下的简化模型对格式的计算精度进行分析,结果表明:FDS格式不仅能高精度地模拟浓度梯度较缓的污染物稳定排放情况,且其二阶格式能高分辨率捕俘水质间断,与理论值吻合很好,说明FDS二阶格式能高精度地计算污染物间断排放引起的大浓度梯度或水质突跃情况.该格式在长江南通江段水环境数值模拟中的应用验证了它的实际应用能力.     

The lithologic diversity of the Moon recorded in lunar meteorites Northwest Africa 7611 and 10480

Northwest Africa (NWA) 7611/10480 are lunar regolith breccia meteorites, composed of mineral fragments and various clasts including mare basalts, volcanic glasses, gabbroic lithologies, and a diverse variety of highland materials (ferroan anorthosite, Mg-suite, magnesian anorthosite, and alkali suite rocks) as well as different subvarieties of impact melt breccia. The Apollo two-component mixing model calculation reveals that the NWA 7611 source region contains 58 wt% mare materials and 42 wt% highland components, but the estimated mare components in NWA 10480 have a higher abundance (66 wt%). The predominantly very low-Ti (VLT) composition in both fine-grained basaltic and coarse-grained gabbroic lithologies indicates a provenance associated with a thick lava flow or a single magmatic system. The co-occurrence of zoning patterns and fine-scale exsolution lamellae in pyroxene debris supports a cryptomare deposit as the best candidate source. Phosphate Pb–Pb ages in matrix fragments, impact melt breccia, and basaltic clast indicate that the breccia NWA 7611 records geological events spanning approximately 4305–3769 Ma, which is consistent with the ages of ancient lunar VLT volcanism and the products of basin-forming impacts on the lunar nearside. The youngest reset age at ~3.2 Ga is potentially related to the strong shock lithification process of breccia NWA 7611. Moreover, the similar petrology, texture, geochemistry, cosmic-ray exposure data, and crystallization ages support that basaltic component in Yamato (Y)-793274, and Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 94281, NWA 4884, and NWA 7611 clan came from the same basalt flow.