云底高度的地基毫米波云雷达观测及其对比

对2014年11月20日—12月31日中国气象局大气探测综合试验基地Ka波段毫米波云雷达、Vaisala CL51激光云高仪、L波段高空探测系统观测的云底高度进行对比分析。结果表明:在低能见度条件下,毫米波云雷达对云的探测能力明显优于激光云高仪,随着能见度的增加,两设备云探测能力差距在减小;毫米波云雷达与激光云高仪同时观测到有云时,二者观测的云底高度相关系数为0.92;毫米波云雷达与探空观测云底、云顶高度的相关系数分别为0.93和0.78;云雷达观测的云底高度均略低于激光云高仪和探空,云雷达观测的云顶高度略高于探空。     

基于区域跟踪的增雨效果分析方法新探

在高炮催化区跟踪算法基础上,探究了选取等面积同心圆环作为对比区进行人影作业效果物理评估新方案,并给出了该方案适应性判断指标。选取垂直液态含水量和面雨量作为方案检验因子,分析了不同自然降水过程中,不同时间段"催化区"和"对比区"平均物理量的双比值和相对偏差等参量的变化;并以相似离散度为指标,分析该方法的适用范围,分析何种条件下自然降水的"催化区"和"对比区"变化比较一致且小于增雨效果。实验表明:不同自然降水过程中,"催化区"和"对比区"30 min平均垂直液态含水量变化以及3 h平均相对增雨均小于增雨效果,新方案可用于人工增雨效果分析。后提出将综合相似离散度作为判据,当其值大于0.2时,则不采用该方案,判据的增加明显改善了新方案评估效果。     

福建省不同短历时暴雨时空分布特征

利用福建省20个气象站1963—2012年降水资料,分析短历时(1 h、3 h、6 h)及24 h降水强度达暴雨和大暴雨频次的时空分布特征以及暴雨极值的空间分布。结果表明:对于暴雨级别,不同历时暴雨频次的空间分布特点基本相同,表现为全省3个暴雨的高发区,分别位于南部的漳州至龙岩西南部、东北部的宁德沿海以及西北部的南平西部;对于大暴雨,6 h、24 h历时的大暴雨高频区位于沿海,内陆较少。年代际变化趋势为,1 h、3 h、6 h短历时暴雨频次大多数台站以自然变动为主,或略为增加的趋势,24 h长历时暴雨频次增加的趋势强于短历时。大暴雨各历时大多数台站有略增加趋势,1 h、3 h历时的增加趋势强于6 h。内陆暴雨的月际分布呈单峰型,6月为峰值,6 h以上历时暴雨频率为全年最大;沿海暴雨月际分布呈双峰型,峰值在6月和8月,雨季1 h、3 h历时暴雨频率占全年的比例最大,夏季6 h、24 h历时暴雨频率最大。     

MULTIMODEL CONSENSUS FORECASTING OF LOW TEMPERATURE AND ICY WEATHER OVER CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN CHINA IN EARLY 2008

Based on the daily mean temperature and 24-h accumulated total precipitation over central and southern China, the features and the possible causes of the extreme weather events with low temperature and icing conditions,which occurred in the southern part of China during early 2008, are investigated in this study. In addition, multimodel consensus forecasting experiments are conducted by using the ensemble forecasts of ECMWF, JMA, NCEP and CMA taken from the TIGGE archives. Results show that more than a third of the stations in the southern part of China were covered by the extremely abundant precipitation with a 50-a return period, and extremely low temperature with a 50-a return period occurred in the Guizhou and western Hunan province as well. For the 24- to 216-h surface temperature forecasts, the bias-removed multimodel ensemble mean with running training period(R-BREM) has the highest forecast skill of all individual models and multimodel consensus techniques. Taking the RMSEs of the ECMWF 96-h forecasts as the criterion, the forecast time of the surface temperature may be prolonged to 192 h over the southeastern coast of China by using the R-BREM technique. For the sprinkle forecasts over central and southern China, the R-BREM technique has the best performance in terms of threat scores(TS) for the 24- to 192-h forecasts except for the 72-h forecasts among all individual models and multimodel consensus techniques. For the moderate rain, the forecast skill of the R-BREM technique is superior to those of individual models and multimodel ensemble mean.     

基于磁力耦合器的载人潜水器电力推进装置研究

基于磁力耦合传动技术,对载人潜水器电力推进装置进行了系统设计与传动特性研究。采用电磁场有限元方法研究了永磁式磁力耦合器的运行机理和矩角特性,分析了其稳定传动区域和失步条件;分析了螺旋桨的负载特性,采用切比雪夫多项式研究了螺旋桨的四象限全工况动态模型;建立了水下无刷直流推进电机的数学模型和传递函数,设计了推进电机的转速闭环控制系统以抑制转速波动,提高输出推力的平稳度。完成了样机的设计与制造,通过水池试验验证了该推进装置在载人潜水器上的可行性与适用性。     

Effect of flow rate on environmental variables and phytoplankton dynamics: results from field enclosures

To investigate the effects of flow rate on phytoplankton dynamics and related environment variables,a set of enclosure experiments with different fl ow rates were conducted in an artificial lake. We monitored nutrients,temperature,dissolved oxygen,p H,conductivity,turbidity,chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton levels. The lower biomass in all flowing enclosures showed that flow rate significantly inhibited the growth of phytoplankton. A critical flow rate occurred near 0.06 m/s,which was the lowest relative inhibitory rate. Changes in flow conditions affected algal competition for light,resulting in a dramatic shift in phytoplankton composition,from blue-green algae in still waters to green algae in flowing conditions. These findings indicate that critical flow rate can be useful in developing methods to reduce algal bloom occurrence. However,flow rate significantly enhanced the inter-relationships among environmental variables,in particular by inducing higher water turbidity and vegetative reproduction of periphyton( Spirogyra). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in underwater light intensity,which consequently inhibited the photosynthetic intensity of phytoplankton. These results warn that a universal critical flow rate might not exist,because the effect of flow rate on phytoplankton is interlinked with many other environmental variables.     

频域技术应用于点云配准研究

点云配准技术在国内外各个领域都在不断的发展并且受到广泛关注,不同的配准方法都有其优势与不足。本文针对地面激光扫描获取的多个测站的点云的拼接问题,提出了一种新的配准方法,即在频域中对点云数据进行配准。该方法使用傅里叶变换将点云从空间域变换到频域,利用傅里叶变换可以将旋转、缩放这两个参数与平移参数分离,即可以单独在频域求解旋转和缩放,之后再在此基础上求解平移参数,从而实现对点云的配准。这种方法具有很强的鲁棒性,而且在频域中,不受点云本身噪声点、密度,或者某些结构缺失的影响,且不需要平移的初始估计。最后的实验结果也表明,本文的算法在实现点云配准时与传统的算法相比具有一定的优势。     

利用纹理特征的SAR与光学图像融合方法研究

针对SAR与光学图像的融合问题,提出一种基于SAR图像中纹理特征的Contourlet变换融合方法。利用灰度共生矩阵法提取SAR图像的纹理特征,分析各个纹理特征间的相关性,得到重要纹理特征图。用HSV变换提取光学图像的强度分量。将重要纹理特征和强度分量利用改进的Contourlet多尺度变换融合,得到新的强度分量。通过HSV逆变换得到SAR与光学的融合图像。利用Landsat8和Cosmo-SkyMed图像进行融合实验,并与小波、HSV、Brovey、Contourlet变换融合方法对比分析,实验表明该方法能够较好的保持光学图像的光谱特征和SAR图像的纹理、强散射特征,增加图像细节信息,提高图像可解译性。     

基于GPS的建筑物变形监测数据处理与系统设计

着重介绍了GPS数据的单历元解算方法,以及监测点变形量的分析和预测,探讨了这种方法在变形监测系统数据处理中的应用情况及数据相关性对变形精度的影响。阐述了对变形量进行分析和预测的各种方法,提出用整体方差法对变形量进行分析,并用卡尔曼滤波方法对变形值进行预测,试算结果表明这些方法是可行的。最后,设计了一套GPS自动变形监测系统,包括软件功能设计、数据库实现等,并对系统安全性和可靠性进行了分析。