闽江口水域浑浊带划分的遥感分析

本文以10幅1975～1987年闽江口表层悬浮泥沙遥感定量分布圈为主要依据,对闽江口浑浊带进行划分。结果表明,它可划分为高浑浊带、中浑浊带(变化浑浊带)和低浑浊带,反映了潮控河口表层悬浮泥沙依潮相的周期性变化、随潮位的瞬时变化、受控于径流作用的季节性变化以及波浪效应、近海水系牵动和水下地形制约的含量变化。闽江口内、外拦门沙主体处于变化浑浊带,水体中的泥沙负载常显现“不饱和”状态,为拦门沙的治理提供了有利的条件。     

黄河流域末次冰消期以来古洪水事件研究进展

近20多年来,黄河流域末次冰消期以来古洪水事件研究取得了丰硕成果。论文系统回顾了黄河流域有关古洪水事件识别、年代序列建立、气候成因揭示、古洪水洪峰水位和洪峰流量恢复以及古洪水事件社会影响探讨等方面的内容;提出了当前在古洪水悬移质泥沙沉积物精确断代、古洪水成因及古洪水水文重建等方面面临的主要问题和未来的发展建议;并在现有研究的基础上从加强有条件河段不同规模古洪水的重现期、不同河段古洪水沉积记录的对比研究及建立古洪水水文学数据库等方面对未来黄河流域古洪水研究进行了展望,以期为全球变化背景下黄河流域洪水的预测、防治及风险评估和黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供科学依据。     

Threshold pressure gradient of fluid flow through multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs

After analyzing many studies of fluid flow theory of multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs and the numerical simulation of non-Darcy flow, we found that a negative flow rate occurs in the existing non-Darcy flow equation, which is unreasonable. We believe that the existing equation can only be considered as a discriminant to judging Darcy flow or non-Darcy flow, and cannot be taken as a fluid flow governing equation of multi-porous media. Our analysis of the experimental results shows that the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) of low and extra-low permeability reservoirs is excessively high, and does not conform to fluid flow through multi-porous media in the actual reservoir situation. Therefore, we present a reasonable TPG ranging from 0.006 to 0.04 MPa/m at the well depth of 1500 m and oil drainage distance of 500 m. The results of our study also indicate that the non-Darcy flow phenomenon will disappear when the TPG reaches a certain value. In addition, the TPG or non-Darcy flow in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs does not need to be considered in the productivity prediction and reservoir numerical simulation. At present, the black oil model or dual-porous media is suitable for simulating low and extra-low permeability reservoirs.     

Analysis of laboratory data on ultrasonic monitoring of permeability reduction due to biopolymer formation in unconsolidated granular media

We show how to estimate the fluid permeability changes due to accumulated biopolymer within the pore space of a granular material using laboratory measurements of overall permeability, together with various well‐known quantitative measures (e.g., porosity, specific surface area, and formation factor) of the granular medium microstructure. The main focus of the paper is on mutual validation of existing theory and a synthesis of new experimental results. We find that the theory and data are in good agreement within normal experimental uncertainties. We also establish quantitative empirical relationships between seismic and/or acoustic attenuation and overall permeability for these same systems.     

南北朝以前陕西天文人物

作为《陕西省科技志·古代天文》的一部分工作,对陕西古代天文人物进行了调查。本文共列出自远古至南北朝66条,72位人物。对每个人物,简要给出人物全貌,与陕西的关系,天文内容以及史料和研究文献线索。     

深部冲击倾向煤岩循环加卸载的纵波波速与应力关系试验研究

研究了单轴循环加卸载条件下深部冲击倾向煤岩样应力与纵波波速的耦合关系,基于煤岩试样在弹性阶段纵波波速变化梯度大,塑性阶段波速变化趋于平缓的特征建立了应力与纵波波速之间的试验关系模型,并对模型参数进行了分析。研究表明：①由于闭合的孔隙和裂隙又重新张开,颗粒之间的压实程度减弱,煤岩试样卸载过程中,随着应力的降低,波速也降低;②部分裂隙和孔隙在压密阶段发生永久闭合,造成应力降低后再无法张开,因此下一循环的开始纵波波速值要大于第一个循环开始时的波速值;③与实测值的相关系数计算结果表明,试验关系模型具有较高的拟合度,很好地体现了试样纵波波速变化对载荷的敏感程度。     

冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析

根据巷道冲击震动破坏的原因和机理,建立了冲击矿压巷道围岩稳定性控制的强弱强（3S）结构力学模型,分析了该力学模型防冲抗震机理,在结构自身强度、应力转移和吸收、变形及能量耗散等方面分别表现出不同的3S特征,并推导得到了巷道支护体内强小结构发生冲击震动破坏的应力判据和能量准则。最后,对该模型在工程中的应用做了理论分析,提出要通过减小外界震源载荷、合理设置弱结构、提高支护强度等措施来防范巷道冲击矿压动力灾害。     

Overview of Researches on All-Sky Satellite Microwave Data Variational Assimilation

As the important components of the earth’s atmospheric system, cloud and precipitation strongly affect the global hydrology and energy cycles through the interaction of solar and infrared radiation with cloud droplets and the release of latent heat in precipitation development. The microwave observations in cloudy and rainy conditions have a large amount of information closely related to the development of weather systems, especially the severe weather systems like typhoon and rainstorm. Nevertheless, satellite microwave observations are usually only assimilated in clear-sky above the ocean and their cloud and precipitation content is discarded. Over the past two decades, several Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) centers have gradually developed the “all-sky” approach to make use of the cloud- and precipitation-affected microwave radiances. It’s been proved that the all-sky assimilation can be used to improve the first guessed mass, wind, humidity, cloud and precipitation through the tracer effect. For providing an investigated reference for the future research of all-weather assimilation in domestic numerical weather forecast, this paper reviewed the all-sky assimilation methods using microwave observation data, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and discussed the key technical problems and the existing difficulties and challenges in this field. With the development and application of the new generation of NWP model in China, advancing the domestic research of all-weather data assimilation technology will bring more scientific and practical benefits in the future.     

Rock burst assessment in multi-seam mining: a case study

To assess rock burst prone zones in the lower seam during multi-seam mining, a rock burst hazard assessment method for use in multi-seam mining was established. According to the observed geological evolution, the feasibility of using upper layer coal mining data to determine the rock burst risk zone of the lower coal seam is explained. Then, we established the energy density risk index (EDRI) and proved that the EDRI more accurately reflected the potential rock burst region than the multi-factor coupling analysis method. Finally, we established the rock burst hazard assessment method for use in multi-seam mining by using the EDRI of the upper coal to divide the rock burst risk zone in the lower coal. From the accuracy and validity analysis of this assessment method, we find that the critical energy induced rock burst, and the damage area of a rock burst in the lower coal seam were all located in the high-risk zone derived from this assessment method. To quantify the effectiveness and practicability of this assessment method, the structural similarity (SSIM) index, from image quality assessment research, was introduced. The SSIM index between predicted-high-risk map and actual high-risk map index was 0.8581, which shows that the established rock burst hazard assessment method in multi-seam mining can be used to predict rock burst risk zones in the lower seam.     

MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROELEMENTS IN PROCESS OF LANDSCAPE GEOCHEMISTRY IN MT.NAMJAGBARWA AREA

To provide scientific basis for appraising natural resources in Mt. Namjagbarwa area, the migration characteristics of geochemical microelements, such as Zn, V, Ti, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, Be and Ba, in the landscape zones of alpine scrub and meadow, the mountainous dark coniferous forest, the mountainous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest, the mountainous quasi-subtropical semi-evergreen broadleaf forest, the mountainous subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, and the valley quasi-tropical monsoon rainforest have been described in the paper.