鲅鱼圈港疏浚物海洋倾倒声学试验研究

利用声学技术于1992年6月在营口鲅鱼固港进行了疏浚物海上倾倒声学试验。研究了疏浚物倾倒后的沉降、扩散和迁移特性,统计得出疏浚物云团垂直尺度、水平尺度及云团中心浓度与时间的关系式;计算了扩散系数,估算了倾倒后水体中疏浚物悬浮颗粒量;得出了云团漂移方向、距离和影响范围以及云团在海中的长存留时间;进而确定了疏浚物倾倒入海后的物理行为和归宿。     

松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用定量研究*

利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、测井解释和粒度分析等资料,对松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用类型、成岩作用强度及其影响因素等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)压实作用是导致大安油田泉四段特低渗—超低渗储集层物性变差最主要的成岩作用。研究区储集层压实程度为中等,压实破坏程度与储集层复合砂体厚度、分选系数、泥质含量等参数具有较好的相关性。(2)胶结作用是研究区储集层物性变差的又一重要因素。区内胶结作用强度较弱,胶结作用减孔率与相对构型界面的位置、石英绝对含量、碎屑组分含量和杂基含量等因素具有明显的相关性。(3)溶蚀作用对区内储集层物性的改善程度相对较小。溶蚀作用增孔率与复合砂体厚度、杂基含量具有一定的相关性。压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储集层物性改造程度影响因素的分析结果,反映砂体的垂向叠置关系、河道厚度规模、水动力强度等沉积特征对成岩作用类型及其强度有一定的控制作用。     

Investigating spatial variability of vertical water fluxes through the streambed in distinctive stream morphologies using temperature and head data

Investigating the interaction of groundwater and surface water is key to understanding the hyporheic processes. The vertical water fluxes through a streambed were determined using Darcian flux calculations and vertical sediment temperature profiles to assess the pattern and magnitude of groundwater/surface-water interaction in Beiluo River, China. Field measurements were taken in January 2015 at three different stream morphologies including a meander bend, an anabranching channel and a straight stream channel. Despite the differences of flux direction and magnitude, flux directions based on vertical temperature profiles are in good agreement with results from Darcian flux calculations at the anabranching channel, and the Kruskal-Wallis tests show no significant differences between the estimated upward fluxes based on the two methods at each site. Also, the upward fluxes based on the two methods show similar spatial distributions on the streambed, indicating (1) that higher water fluxes at the meander bend occur from the center of the channel towards the erosional bank, (2) that water fluxes at the anabranching channel are higher near the erosional bank and in the center of the channel, and (3) that in the straight channel, higher water fluxes appear from the center of the channel towards the depositional bank. It is noted that higher fluxes generally occur at certain locations with higher streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K _v) or where a higher vertical hydraulic gradient is observed. Moreover, differences of grain size, induced by stream morphology and contrasting erosional and depositional conditions, have significant effects on streambed K _v and water fluxes.     

Evaluation of groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief of Hebei Plain

Drought is the uppermost natural disaster in the Hebei Plain, which during the past 20 years showed a trend of frequency increasing, range extension, longer duration and severer damage. In the Hebei Plain, as a major grain producing area, the agricultural drought emergency relief can only rely on groundwater exploitation. Thus the work to conduct evaluation of groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief of Hebei Plain is of great significance for disaster prevention and relief. In this paper, with the method of analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation index system with reference to 3 aspects and 7 indexes (the former including groundwater resources, groundwater exploitation technical conditions and water supply facilities) and the ArcGIS Desktop ArcMAP software, the work to assess the shallow groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief in the Hebei Plain was carried out.     

An Integrated Hydrodynamics and Control Model of A Tethered Underwater Robot

An integrated hydrodynamics and control model to simulate tethered underwater robot system is proposed. The governing equation of the umbilical cable is based on a finite difference method, the hydrodynamic behaviors of the underwater robot are described by the six-degrees-of-freedom equations of motion for submarine simulations, and a controller based on the fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) algorithm is also incorporated. Fluid motion around the main body of moving robot with running control ducted propellers is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations and these nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The hydrodynamics and control behaviors of the tethered underwater robot under certain designated trajectory and attitude control manipulation are then investigated based on the established hydrodynamics and control model. The results indicate that satisfactory control effect can be achieved and hydrodynamic behavior under the control operation can be observed with the model; much kinematic and dynamic information about tethered underwater robot system can be forecasted, including translational and angular motions of the robot, hydrodynamic loading on the robot, manipulation actions produced by the control propellers, the kinematic and dynamic behaviors of the umbilical cable. Since these hydrodynamic effects are fed into the proposed coupled model, the mutual hydrodynamic influences of different portions of the robot system as well as the hydrological factors of the undersea environment for the robot operation are incorporated in the model.     

Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to mercury

To understand mercury (Hg) toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure (control, 5, 40, and 160 μg/L Hg) for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, bone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO), which was also tissue-specific and dosedependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.     

乍得Bongor盆地储层沉积成岩特征及其主控因素

乍得Bongor盆地储层沉积成岩特征具有明显的独特性。结合盆地区域构造演化,利用地震、钻井、岩心、薄片、测试等资料,系统分析了Bongor盆地主力储层沉积展布特征和成岩演化。研究结果表明:Bongor盆地早白垩世强烈拉张裂陷作用形成了一系列NW-SE向深陡凹陷,主力储层局限分布在凹陷内部,以近岸水下扇沉积为主,毗邻控凹断层分布,具有近源、深水、快速沉积特征,结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低;受多期构造运动及烃类流体改造,储层压实作用不充分,胶结成岩作用减弱,溶蚀现象普遍,目前尚处于中成岩A期阶段;以原生孔隙为主,属中孔、中高渗储层,有效储层埋深下限明显大于现今油层深度,表明盆地深层仍发育有优质储层,具有良好的勘探潜力。     

Urban competitive pattern and its changes in China

Duringtheprocessofnationaleconomy'stransi-tion,thedeterminantpowerofeconomicdevelopmenthaschangedgraduallyfromcentralgovemmenttolocalgovemments.Cities,asthecenterofregionaleconomicdevelopment,notonlydeterminethecompetitivenessoftheregionbuthavebecomethemainimpetusforthechangesofmacroeconomicpatternasweIl.Sotaking2o9perfecture-levelcitiesasresearchsubjects,weanalyzethemacropatternofurbancompetitivenessandcomprehendtheinternalimpetusandmechanismofre-gionaldevelopment,whichhavegreatsignificanceon…     

自动气象站的雷电防护

针对自动气象站安装在室外易遭雷击以及微电子装置的脆弱性,结合河南省自动气象站实际情况及设备的维护维修经验,探讨如何做好自动气象站雷电防护工作。