滇池北部湖湾不同底泥性状对微囊藻复苏影响的模拟

滇池北部福保湾主要承接上游昆明市的生活污水及周边工业污水,其污染程度极为严重.本研究在福保湖湾内设置4个采样点,分别采集了不同区域的沉积物,首次模拟研究了微囊藻(Microcystis)在不同沉积物环境中复苏能力差异,结果表明微囊藻在模拟实验中的复苏能力表现出对不同底质的不同适应性,入口湖区的沉积物对微囊藻的复苏有极强的抑制作用.藻类复苏后达到的最大生物量(以叶绿素a计)分别为东岸对照区的4.7%,西岸对照区的6.6%及吹填区的11.9%,其中微囊藻生物量也远低于其它各样点,占东岸对照、吹填区及西岸对照的比例分别为5.2%、10.3%和19.4%.以上研究暗示了河口处沉积物不适合微囊藻的复苏.福保湾藻类水华的种源贡献应该主要依靠外源性输入,即湖流场和风向所导致的藻类水平迁移贡献远远大于底泥复苏至水体的垂直迁移.     

圆弧形滑坡反分析技术研究

从滑坡体运动的动力学原理入手，探讨了滑体的起动、滑动及制动的机理，并推导出滑体变形时边坡上任意点的位移与时间的关系式，揭示了边坡上任意点位移与边坡几何、物理参数间关系的内在规律，以此为基础，提出了滑体位移反分析的方法，并进行了实例分析。     

利用树木年轮重建柴达木地区5～6月地温

依据青海海西德令哈、乌兰的树木年轮资料序列与柴达木地区1962—2001年5～6月份地温资料序列之间较好的同期相关特征，重建了柴达木地区5～6月份地面Ocm温度及地面最高温度千年历史资料序列。运用乘积平均值、误差缩减值等方法对重建方程进行了检验，证明重建序列可信。通过分析发现，在重建的1098年中，有6个主要的冷期和6个主要的暖期，地面0cm温度序列存在12个主要突变期，地面最高温度序列存在15个主要突变期。周期分析表明，地面0cm温度和地面最高温度均存在183年、122年和91年左右的长周期以及6．8年和2～3年的短周期。     

Microwave Simulations of Precipitation Distribution with Two Radiative Transfer Models

Two microwave radiative transfer models of precipitating cloud are used to simulate the microwave upwelling radiances emerging from precipitating clouds. Comparison of the simulation results shows that significant difference of microwave upwelling radiances exists between these two radiative transfer models. Analysis of these differences in different cloud and precipitation conditions shows that it is complicated but has certain trend for different microwave frequencies. The results may be useful to quantitative rainfall rate retrieval of real precipitating clouds.     

不同气候情景下华北平原蒸发与径流时空变化分析

基于中国气象局国家气候中心生成的IPCC第四次评估报告中23种气候模式的情景集成数据,采用Schreiber公式和Thornthwaite方法计算实际蒸发和径流,分析了2001-2060年SRES A1B、A2和 B1这3种情景下,华北平原气温、降水、蒸发与径流的时空变化。结果表明：未来华北平原气温呈升高趋势,且冬半年升温幅度大于夏半年;降水亦呈增加趋势,而冬半年降水增加幅度小于夏半年;与此相应,华北平原蒸发和年径流呈增加趋势,增幅和空间差异随时间推移而增大,到2041-2060年蒸发将上升7.1%～9.4%,径流将增加8.7%～10.7%。     

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A Case study of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station,Antarctica

A case of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station was studied using data of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analysis, in situ observations and surface weather charts. The storm occurred on August 29th,2006, and brought high winds and poor horizontal visibility to the region.It was found that the storm occurred under the synoptic situation of a high in the south and a low in the north. A low-level easterly jet from the Antarctic continent significantly decreased the air temperature and humidity.Warm air advection at high level brought sufficient vapor from lower latitudes for the snowstorm to develop.The dynamic factors relating to strong snowfall and even the developmentof a snowstorm were deep cyclonic vorticity at middle and low levels,the configuration of divergence at high level and convergence at low level, and strong verticaluplift. There was an inversion layer in the low-level atmosphere during the later phase of the storm.This vertical structure of cold air at low levels and warm air at high levels may have been important to the longevity of the snowstorm.     

Occurrence and Diversity of Candida Genus in Marine Environments

A total of 317 yeast isolates from seawater,sediments,mud of salterns,guts of marine fishes and marine algae wereobtained.The results of routine identification and molecular characterization showed that six isolates among these marine yeastsbelonged to Candida genus as Candida interrnedia for YA01a,Candida parapsilosis for 3eA2,Candida quercitrusa for JHSb,Can-die rugosa for wl8,Candida zeylanoides for TJY13a,and Candida membranifaciens for W14-3.Isolates YA01a (Candida interme-die),wl8 (Candida rugosa),3eA2 (Candida parapsilosis),and JHSb (Candida quercitrusa) were found producing cell-bound lipase,while isolate W14-3 (Candida membranifaciens) producing riboflavin.These marine yeast Candida spp.Seem to have wide potentialapplications in biotechnology.     

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近场动力学理论在区域地面沉降建模中的应用研究

地面沉降是由自然和人类活动共同作用导致的缓变性地质灾害,是区域可持续发展的重要影响因素。以往地面沉降在建模时需要地裂缝等不连续结构的位置、走向、深度等信息,在构建微分方程模拟时需假设模型连续,这对开展地面沉降-地裂缝-地面塌陷一体化模拟带来一定的局限性。于2000年出现的近场动力学理论提出以积分形式描述材料受力过程,方法具有无需先验知识与连续性假设的优点,在材料的疲劳、损伤、断裂等模拟研究中展现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了其在岩石水力压裂、滑坡、饱水岩土材料等领域的研究进展;提出了应用近场动力学进行区域地面沉降建模求解的一般方法;结合InSAR技术获取的沉降信息、三维地震频谱谐振勘探技术获取的地下结构与密度信息等,提出了模型的反演调参与优化方法。以北京东部梨园-台湖镇-张家湾镇区域为实验区,建立了其4 km×6 km范围、0.2 km深度的近场动力学地面沉降模型,以实验区地下水位月均下降速率为边界条件,对2007—2010年地面沉降过程进行模拟。模拟结果与实测值的平均绝对误差为18 mm,表明近场动力学在地面沉降建模中有较好的适用性。