软岩巷道弹塑性变形的理论分析

本文采用莫尔－库仑屈服准则和非关联塑性流动法则分析了轴对称软岩巷道的变形规律。从轴对称平面应变问题的基本方程出发，导出了软岩巷道弹塑性变形的位移理论解答，并给出了现有应力与位移理论解的适用条件。通过实例计算结果表明，本文得出的位移理论解与有限元数值解相当吻合。     

钇易解石族的端员—钛钇易解石的发现

本矿物为新发现的钇易解石族的端员矿物－钛钇易解石，产于江西省龙南县足洞燕山期中粒白云母花岗岩及其风化壳中。矿物属斜方晶系，常呈板状或短柱状，为天然晶质体，浅黄色，粒度为０．０７５ｍｍ，硬度４．７，比重４．７３，二轴正晶，Ｎｇ＝２．２４８，Ｎｍ＝２．２１２，Ｎｐ＝２．１９４，Ｎｇ－Ｎｐ＝０．０５４，２Ｖ＝７０°。空间群为Ｄ＾１６２ｈ－Ｐｍｎｂ，ａ０＝０．７５０ｎｍ，ｂ０＝１．０９２ｎｍ，Ｃ０＝０．５     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿床成矿机理的实验研究

风化壳淋积型稀土矿床是很重要的一种矿床类型。作用采用水析法提取了梧州市区风化壳淋积型稀土矿床中的粘土矿物，并进行了钕和镱的吸附实验研究。实验结果表明，在不同的实验体系中，吸附反应达到平衡的时间是不同的，２％ＨＣ１至少１２ｈ，１％ＨＣ１至少０．１ｈ。影响粘土吸附稀土的物理化学因素有：溶液浓度，溶液酸碱度（ｐＨ值），离子强度，固液比和温度等。在ｐＨ值较低的相同实验条件下，轻稀土的吸附效率要明显高于重稀     

THE EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OVER THE EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC AND THE INDIAN OCEAN ON THE ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON

In this paper,the p-σ five layer primitive equation model segmented by mountains and physical parameterizations including short wave radiation; long wave radiation; large-scale and convective condensation;heat and moisture transport from surface to the first model level is used.The horizonial resolution is 5° lat.×5° long.with the integration region from 25°S to 55°N and from 5°W eastward to 175°W.The model was spun up with perpetual June boundary conditions and forcing starting with June zonal mean heights and geostrophic wind field.In order to investigate the effects of SST (sea surface tempefuture) over the equatorial Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean on the Asian summer monsoon,four sets of numerical experments with positive anomalies over the equatorial Western Pacific,and positive and negative anomalies over the Western Indian Ocean,and zonal mean SST (the control case) are performed.The experimental results show that the South Asian low in the lower troposphere and the anticyclone over the South Asia in the uppet troposphere intensified when positive SST anomalies over the equatorial Western Pacific is included.A statistical test method for simulations is proposed.Finally,the influence mechanism of the SST anomalies over the equatorial oceans is discussed.It is worth stressing that the effects of the SST over the equatorial oceans on the Asian summer monsoon can arise as a result of interaction of SST anomalies,atmospheric flow field and heat sources and sinks in the atmosphere.     

REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT AND CLOUD TEMPERATURE BY INFRARED RADIOMETER

The feasibility of retrieving cloud bottom height (CBH) and cloud bottom temperature (CBT) by infraredradiometer has been studied by simulations with a large number of historical radiosounding data and field obser-vations.The results show that it is feasible to retrieve CBH and CBT by radiometer observation in infrared band.In this paper we also demonstrate simply that through joint observations by a dual-wavelength (1.35 cm and8.5mm) microwave radiometer and by infrared radiometer (8.5—12.5μm),it is possible to obtain total watervapor,liquid water content in clouds and CBH and CBT.     

花岗岩体构造-化学特征与钨、锡成矿作用

本文以南岭几个金属矿床为例,阐明含矿复式岩体形成过程中岩浆入侵通道是否变动以及如何变动,影响到矿化分带特征。与单一入侵通道有关的岩浆-矿化具有明显的垂直分带,而与多个入侵通道有关的岩浆-矿化,则水平分带较为显著。构造类型影响矿石类型和成矿系列中各矿床类型间的相互关系。本文提出了各矿床类型间的过渡性、重叠性和互补性,并认为它们是客观存在的普遍现象。     

Paleogeography of the North and South China blocks during the Cambrian

Paleomagnetic results demonstrate that during the Cambrian the South China block was close to the equator. We suggest that it was adjacent to North Australia. This reconstruction juxtaposes Cambrian marine basins in South China and Australia, explaining the affinity between Cambrian trilobites from the two areas, as well as the existence of phosphorite deposits in the Early and Middle Cambrian in Australia and in South China. The stratigraphic similarity between the late Precambrian Sinian System in South China and the Adelaide System in Australia, and the continuing fossil affinities from Cambrian through Ordovician of both areas suggest that the proposed geographic configuration lasted from the late Precambrian (800 Ma) to Early Ordovician (470 Ma). Paleomagnetic results from the Cambrian of North China indicate that it was in the southern hemisphere at that time. Based on the paleontological evidence, we suggest that the North China block was close to Tibet, Iran and northern India during the Paleozoic.     

Parameterization of meridional energy flux in a one-dimensional climate model

Summary The zonally averaged meridional energy transport is parameterized in terms of the zonally averaged temperature gradient and its radiative equilibrium value. Two climate regimes are identified: radiative equilibrium and isothermal climates. The transport and temperature gradient are intermediate between corresponding quantities of these two climates. The parameterization assumes a linear increase of transport as temperature gradient departs from its radiative equilibrium value. The parameterization is formulated using a one-dimensional climate model. Ice-albedo feedback provides the mechanism for climate changes. The parameterization works well for climates associated with seasonal changes.

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Parameterisierung des meridionalen Energiestromes in einem eindimensionalen Klimamodell

Zusammenfassung Der zonal gemittelte, meridionale Energietransport wird in Abhängigkeit vom zonal gemittelten Temperaturgradienten und seinem Strahlungsgleichgewicht parameterisiert. Zwei Klimaregime können identifiziert werden: Strahlungsgleichgewicht und isothermes Klima. Der Transport und der Temperaturgradient befinden sich zwischen den korrespondierenden Werten dieser zwei Klimate. Die Parameterisierung nimmt eine lineare Zunahme des Transportes mit der Abweichung des Temperaturgradienten vom seinem Strahlungsgleichgewichtswert an. Die Parameterisierung wird unter Verwendung eines eindimensionalen Klimamodelles formuliert. Die Eis-Albedo-Rückkopplung liefert den Mechanismus für Klimadnderungen. Die Parameterisierung funktioniert gut fur Klimate, welche jahreszeitliche Anderungen beinhalten.

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With 4 Figures     

On the conditions of formation of Gushan iron ore deposit

On the basis of its geological characteristics, the Gushan iron deposit should be assigned to volcano-hydrothermal type with hematite-quartz as its principal mineral assemblage. Iron concentration of the ore solution has been estimated from the ratio of hematite to quartz in the ore. By using experimental and thermodynamic data, the solubility of ferro-minerals at elevated temperatures and pressures have been calculated in the system FeO?Fe₂O₃?NaCl?HCl?H₂O. The effects ofT, P, pH,f _{O 2} and total Cl concentration on the solubility of ferrominerals are discussed. Thermodynamic calculations based on presumed physico-chemical conditions for the ore solution are in good agreement with geological observations. The calculation shows that ferro-minerals were deposited at logf _{O 2}=?21～?25, log(m_HCl+m_H+)=?2.5～?3,P=1?0.75 (or 0.5) kb, andT=400°?350°C. It is believed that the original solution was an acid NaCl-bearing solution of magmatic derivation. However, iron in the solution was enriched with falling temperatures by dissolving pre-existing ferro-minerals in consolidated rocks rather than extracting directly from the magma. Either temperature (below 400°C) or pressure decrease may result in the precipitation of ferro-minerals from the solution, but the Fe/Si ratio in the ore is dependent mainly upon pH. The widespread siliceous veins of later stages are a reflection of decreasing acidity of the solution. An increase inf _{O 2} will also favor the deposition of ferro-minerals. The hypabyssal occurrence and the existence of the Huangmaqing sandy shale have contributed greatly to the formation of hematite.     

河西沿祁连山冷凉灌区春小麦气候生态的研究

河西冷凉灌区春小麦增产潜力大,具有光能丰富、温度适中、光温配合好、降水相对集中、有效风速大等气候优势,它可成为我国又一个小麦高产地区。限制该区春小麦生产潜力发挥的气候因素是分蘖—拔节期的干旱和开花—灌浆期的光照不足。本文还提出了相应的提高气候生产潜力的途径。