一次强飑线的中分析

本文对一次强飑线过程进行分析,指出高空“阶梯槽”的出现是这次飑线过程大尺度环流背景的重要特征。在此背景下,苏北和山东广大地区,有一支西南低空急流输送水汽和热量,大气层结趋于不稳定,为鼬线发展提供了不稳定能量,而高空疏散槽为不稳定能释放的一种触发机构。在飑线过境前,大气的层结在800毫巴附近的强下沉逆温,对不稳定能的储存和积累有重要意义。 这次飑线发展如此之强,除一般所说的一些条件之外,同飑线内部对流云体的合并以及与其它天气系统的碰头有密切关系;另外,中低空之间的强垂直风切变也有特殊作用。     

The influence of topography and land use on water quality of Xiangxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir region

A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to cluster the water quality data of Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir region. The results showed that 81 sampling sites could be divided into several groups representing different land use types. The forest dominated region had low concentrations of most nutrient variables except COD, whereas the agricultural region had high concentrations of NO₃N, TN, Alkalinity, and Hardness. The sites downstream of an urban area were high in NH₃N, NO₂N, PO₄P and TP. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the individual effects of topography and land use on river water quality. The results revealed that the watershed factors accounted for 61.7% variations of water quality in the Xiangxi River. Specifically, topographical characteristics explained 26.0% variations of water quality, land use explained 10.2%, and topography and land use together explained 25.5%. More than 50% of the variation in most water quality variables was explained by watershed characteristics. However, water quality variables which are strongly influenced by urban and industrial point source pollution (NH₃N, NO₂N, PO₄P and TP) were not as well correlated with watershed characteristics.     

围压与冲击扰动作用下组合煤岩超低摩擦效应分析

深部煤岩在垂直扰动作用下发生振动,当水平冲击足以克服块体间摩擦阻力时,极易发生超低摩擦型冲击地压。文章以细砂岩-煤-细砂岩组合块体为研究对象,考虑顶板-煤-底板临近工作面开采工况,采用数值模拟方法,建立围压与冲击扰动下组合煤岩数值模型,以煤块水平位移、垂直加速度差值作为超低摩擦效应特征参数,分析围压、垂直冲击及水平冲击对特征参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:在垂直冲击与围压共同作用下,煤岩体残余位移及水平位移峰值随围压增大且呈指数增长趋势;在垂直冲击、水平冲击和围压三者共同作用下,煤岩体超低摩擦效应强度与作用时间都随着围压呈增加趋势;垂直冲击对组合煤岩超低摩擦效应的影响最为显著。      

Comparison of net primary productivity in karst and non-karst areas: a case study in Guizhou Province,China

Green plants play an important role in energy flows and material cycles. The net primary productivity (NPP) reflects the capability of vegetation to convert solar energy into photosynthate (fixed carbon). Understanding the factors that contribute to variations in NPP is of key importance for improving the rock-desertification environment in karst areas. In this paper, the NPP model (Light Use Efficiency model) is modified on the basis of remote sensing data [moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)], climate data and observed information. Then the model is employed to estimate the spatial–temporal variations of NPP in the Guizhou Province, China. Finally, the NPP differences between karst area and non-karst area, and the relationships between NPP and climate factors are analyzed. The results show that the NPP estimated using MODIS data are reasonable. The mean NPP of territorial vegetation is 421.46 gC m⁻² year⁻¹; the NPP in the non-karst area is 13.3% higher than that in the karst area; the correlation degree between NPP and precipitation is better in southeastern and western districts.     

山东金青顶金矿床控矿构造特征及深部预测

金青顶金矿床位于山东牟平-乳山金矿带将军石-曲河庄断裂的南端,矿床围岩为昆嵛山花岗岩,属含金石英脉型金矿。本文通过矿床地质特征、围岩蚀变以及控矿构造特征等方面的研究,认为与成矿有关的构造活动至少划分为4期,基本控制着矿体的定位与分布。深部地球化学原生晕研究表明,矿体在垂向上具有明显的地球化学分带性,且在已知矿体下方出现近矿晕、前缘晕及尾晕特征指示元素构造叠加晕强度升高趋势。结合矿体在断裂中分布的规律以及原生晕特点,对金青顶矿床深部第二富集段进行了预测,推断在-1100m下有第二金富集段存在,且具有很大的经济价值。     

四川康定大厂沟金多金属矿点控矿构造特征及成矿浅析

康定大厂沟金多金属矿点赋存在志留系茂县群中,受左行走滑体系内的剪切裂隙控制,为硅化-金多金属硫化物型矿点。成矿与区内海西期基性岩浆活动有关,矿(化)体在空间分布上受"非典型"Reidel剪切系统模式控制。区内基性岩脉两侧或附近的P,R和R’型剪切裂隙或蚀变破碎带是找矿重点地段。     

黔北务-正-道铝土矿床矿物学特征研究

黔北务—正—道铝土矿集区为黔中—渝南铝土矿成矿带的重要组成部分,是贵州省主要的铝土矿成矿区带之一。含矿岩系为中二叠统梁山组,矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型。矿石化学成分分析显示,土状、碎屑状铝土矿中Al2O3含量较高,Al2O3/ SiO2值大,质量好,而豆鲕状、致密块状铝土矿中Al2O3含量较低,Al2O3/ SiO2值小,质量较差。显微观察、粉晶衍射和电子探针分析表明,铝土矿石中主要矿物为一水硬铝石、勃姆石和粘土矿物,其中一水硬铝石多为短柱、半自形-自形晶体,呈集合体分布,粘土矿物以高岭石为主,呈孤岛、残留环状产出,其次见伊利石、蒙托石、绿泥石等,副矿物有黄铁矿、磁铁矿、长石、石英、金红石、锆石、锐钛矿、方解石和白云石等。铝土岩中主要矿物为粘土矿物,以高岭石为主,其它矿物和铝土矿相似。铝土矿石的主要元素Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3 和TiO2含量之和大于83%,烧失量小于14%,而铝土岩的Al2O3、SiO2、TFe2O3 和TiO2含量之和小于80%,烧失量大于15%。可见铝土矿和铝土岩在主要矿物组成和主要组分总量上具有明显差异。结合以往研究资料,本文解析铝土矿形成过程为韩家店组砂页岩(成矿母岩)在适宜的气候条件下,经风化、淋滤等作用,形成富集Al、Ti等惰性元素的风化残积物和以高岭石为主的粘土矿物,随后被迁移、搬运至河湖盆地环境中,在沉积分过程中粘土矿物不断脱硅、去铁、富铝,形成铝土岩层,经埋深压实、成岩成矿作用后进一步脱硅、去铁、富铝,最终在中二叠世形成以一水硬铝石为主的铝土矿工业矿体。     

赣南淘锡坑石英脉型钨矿床成矿机制探讨:来自流体包裹体的证据

赣南地区淘锡坑钨矿床是典型的大型石英脉型钨锡多金属矿床。矿体赋存于震旦系浅变质砂(板)岩,并延伸至深部花岗岩内,按空间产出位置分为内带矿体和外带矿体,包括宝山、西山、烂埂子、枫岭坑4大脉组,矿体产出各不相同,矿物组合也具有明显分带特征。在详细的岩相学研究基础上,文章选择淘锡坑主成矿期石英为研究对象,并与共生黑钨矿作对比,从空间角度开展不同脉组、不同矿体或中段的流体包裹体的对比研究。根据流体包裹体岩相学,石英包裹体类型有H_2O-NaCl型包裹体(Ⅰ型)、H_2O-NaCl-CO_2型包裹体(Ⅱ型)和纯CO_2体系裹体(Ⅲ型)及少量含石盐子晶的多相包裹体,并同时捕获贫CO_2的盐水溶液包裹体和纯CO-2气相包裹体。包裹体显微测温结果显示:内、外带石英脉气液两相的包裹体均具有较宽温度和盐度范围,外带均一温度和盐度w(NaCl_(eq))分别集中于200～220℃、1%～6%,内带均一温度和盐度w(NaCleq)分别集中于100～220℃、3%～7%,流体为中-低盐度、富含CO_2的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,不同脉组不同矿脉之间对比结果均显示出多期成矿的特征。在矿脉形成过程中,流体的成分和温度在内外接触带有明显变化,表明岩体与围岩接触界面是造成淘锡坑矿床内带矿体和外带矿体的成矿条件改变的转折位置,成矿流体在此附近发生CO_2逸失引起相分离的不混溶作用是成矿的主要因素。