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281.
Fu-Ping Liu Rui-Zhong Li Jin-yao Li Hui-Guo Chen Chang-Chun Yang 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(7):813-829
The group time delay (GTD) formulae of quasi-total reflection of inhomogeneous P-polarized electromagnetic waves (P-PEW, whose electric field parallels to the plane of incidence), caused by the Goos–Hänchen effect, is derived by the phase shift of the wave. A numerical example where the frequency equals to 1 GHz is given. The curves of calculating results show that there are three discontinuous points at the critical angle of phase shift vector, the critical angle of attenuation vector and 90○. When the angle of incidence is equal to one of these three angles, the GTD will become infinite, and the electromagnetic wave will propagate along the interface. The GTD will be very large, when the angle of incidence is close to one of these three angles. The results indicate that there is an important relationship between the two critical angles and the conductivity and permittivity of the two strata, and that the GTD has an important relationship with the angle of incidence. These results can be used to determine the lithology of the strata and to delimit the interfaces of strata more effectively. It is suggested that this research may prove useful in electromagnetic logging analysis and, perhaps, in the design of logging instruments. 相似文献
282.
Rorik A. Peterson 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(3):277-298
Differential frost heave is often implicated in the formation of patterned ground in regions subject to recurrent freezing
and thawing. A linear stability analysis (LSA) indicates that a continuum model of frost heave is linearly unstable under
typical natural freezing conditions of silty-clay soils. A two-dimensional non-linear numerical analysis corroborates the
frozen time LSA results, and also indicates the importance of non-linear and time-dependent terms that ultimately lead to
a preferred mode, which the LSA fails to predict. Instability of the one-dimensional solution occurs at shallow freezing depths
and near-zero surface loads when positive perturbations in the ice content at the freezing front lead to a concomitant increase
in thermomolecular pressure and upward ice velocity. Differential frost heave can then occur because of the increased heat
flux from the perturbed surfaces. A three-dimensional model using random initial surface perturbations indicates that regular
surface patterns will evolve with a length scale in the order of 2–4 meters, which corresponds quite closely with naturally-occurring
non-sorted patterned ground. 相似文献
283.
Non-Linear Theory and Power-Law Models for Information Integration and Mineral Resources Quantitative Assessments 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Qiuming Cheng 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(5):503-532
Singular physical or chemical processes may result in anomalous amounts of energy release or mass accumulation that, generally,
are confined to narrow intervals in space or time. Singularity is a property of different types of non-linear natural processes
including cloud formation, rainfall, hurricanes, flooding, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and mineralization. The end
products of these non-linear processes can be modeled as fractals or multifractals. Hydrothermal processes in the Earth’s
crust can result in ore deposits characterized by high concentrations of metals with fractal or multifractal properties. Here
we show that the non-linear properties of the end products of singular mineralization processes can be applied for prediction
of undiscovered mineral deposits and for quantitative mineral resource assessment, whether for mineral exploration or for
regional, national and global planning for mineral resource utilization. In addition to the general theory and framework for
the non-linear mineral resources assessment, this paper focuses on several power-law models proposed for characterizing non-linear
properties of mineralization and for geoinformation extraction and integration. The theories, methods, and computer system
discussed in this paper were validated using a case study dealing with hydrothermal Au mineral potential in southern Nova
Scotia, Canada. 相似文献
284.
Inversely-Mapped Analytical Solutions for Flow Patterns around and within Inclined Elliptic Inclusions in Fluid-Saturated Rocks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chongbin Zhao Bruce E. Hobbs Alison Ord Shenglin Peng Liangming Liu 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(2):179-197
In this paper, an inverse mapping is used to transform the previously-derived analytical solutions from a local elliptical
coordinate system into a conventional Cartesian coordinate system. This enables a complete set of exact analytical solutions
to be derived rigorously for the pore-fluid velocity, stream function, and excess pore-fluid pressure around and within buried
inclined elliptic inclusions in pore-fluid-saturated porous rocks. To maximize the application range of the derived analytical
solutions, the focal distance of an ellipse is used to represent the size of the ellipse, while the length ratio of the long
axis to the short one is used to represent the geometrical shape of the ellipse. Since the present analytical solutions are
expressed in a conventional Cartesian coordinate system, it is convenient to investigate, both qualitatively and quantitatively,
the distribution patterns of the pore-fluid flow and excess pressure around and within many different families of buried inclined
elliptic inclusions. The major advantage in using the present analytical solution is that they can be conveniently computed
in a global Cartesian coordinate system, which is widely used in many scientific and engineering computations. As an application
example, the present analytical solutions have been used to investigate how the dip angle of an inclined elliptic inclusion
affects the distribution patterns of the pore-fluid flow and excess pore-fluid pressure when the permeability ratio of the
elliptic inclusion is of finite but nonzero values. 相似文献
285.
286.
传统认为中国南方的离子吸附型稀土矿床可划分为以“足洞式”为代表的重稀土型和以“河岭式”(或“花山式”)为代表的轻稀土型两种矿化类型。然而,近年来发现的许多矿床(如清溪、寨背和馒头山等)的赋矿风化壳中出现了轻稀土矿与重稀土矿并存现象,表现出特殊的“上轻下重”双层矿体结构。这指示了除重稀土型和轻稀土型之外,还存在着轻重稀土共生型的过渡类型。本研究通过对三种不同成矿类型的若干典型矿床系统对比,指出成矿类型的多样性与母岩性质密切相关,尤其是母岩的稀土元素地球化学和稀土载体矿物属性是制约成矿类型变化的关键因素。统计数据表明,从重稀土型→轻重稀土共生型→轻稀土型,成矿母岩的全岩稀土总量变化不大(ΣREY: 200×10-6~450×10-6→200×10-6~500×10-6→200×10-6~800×10-6),但轻重稀土配分值出现较显著的区间性差异(ΣLREE/ΣHREY: 02~1→1~5→2~10)。与之同时,母岩中能为离子相稀土提供物源且具有重稀土配分属性的稀土副矿物类型和数量明显减少,这与全岩稀土元素地球化学特征中重稀土分量占比的降低趋势也互相匹配。该结果指示,以往认为重稀土配分母岩形成重稀土矿床、轻稀土配分母岩形成轻稀土矿床的传统观点需要外延,即一部分具有低度轻稀土配分属性(1<ΣLREE/ΣHREY<5)且含有丰富易风化稀土副矿物的母岩还可能形成轻重稀土共生型矿床,该认识可为今后离子吸附型稀土矿床勘查工作提供新的找矿依据。 相似文献
287.
本文利用编译BASIC语言具有的某些特殊功能,结合具体课题研究实践,从编程技术的模块化、坚固性和可用性三方面进行了实验,采用覆盖技术、“出误陷阱”等技术,使得在较小的内存中运行较大的程序并捕获可能发生的各种随机事件,达到了控制编程质量的目的。 相似文献
288.
Weiping Qin 《地震科学(英文版)》1992,5(1):177-185
This paper gives a complete commentary on some popular gradings which based on the 2×2 contingency table, for one—dimensional seismologic prediction. It contains:
- In view of the statistical correlation, the Wallen gradingV=√QS is the most equitable one amomg all gradings.
- Each one of the three gradings: Zhenchao Gu gradingS, Obuhov gradingQ and Shaoxie Xu gradingR, has its own inadequacy although they are so easy for use.
- A set of gradings can be derived fromV. The harmonic mean ofS andQ, H(S,Q) and the Hedike gradingS H are the members of this set. The order of some popular gradings are given in Theorem 5. 3.
- In view of the measure of the overlapping part a gradingW is introduced. Another set of gradings may be derived from it. The index of efficiencyh is the severest one among this set.
289.
290.
海滨湿地生态系统的热点研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
海滨湿地具有强大的生态服务功能,然而由于人类活动的长期和强烈干扰,导致该系统严重受损和退化。海滨湿地生态系统的严重退化引起国内外学术界的高度关注。有关其退化及生态恢复的研究热点涉及该系统的演化与机制、对外来种入侵的响应与生态控制、退化海滨湿地生态系统的修复、生态系统健康的评估及其保护与利用平衡的研究。本文综述了上述热点研究的进展,有利于把握国际前沿研究动态,借鉴最新研究方法和经验,推动我国在这一领域的研究尽快赶上国际先进水平。 相似文献