黏土型锂矿床勘查开发过程中的瓶颈问题和若干思考

锂作为国家战略性关键紧缺矿产资源,随着现代科技的不断进步,需求量会不断增加。寻找更多的锂矿资源,降低进口依赖度,保障国家资源安全,已是迫在眉睫。黏土型锂矿床作为锂矿的重要类型之一,因分布面积广,资源潜力巨大,越来越受到关注,或可成为锂矿资源的重要补充,既是今后矿产资源勘查的重要方向之一,也是破解锂矿资源紧缺局面的重要途径。黏土型锂矿床已取得不少进展,但也存在一些问题,一定程度上制约了对黏土型锂矿床勘查与开发。通过文献查阅、政府和企业官网的情报收集,结合自身锂矿勘查实践,发现影响和制约黏土型锂矿床勘查与开发的主要问题有5个：(1)对黏土型锂矿床资源潜力认识不充分,前景不看好,未给予足够重视;(2)缺乏指导勘查工作的规范性依据;(3)矿产资源管理与矿业权管理中的不利因素导致勘查力度不足;(4)勘查研究过程对于矿石选冶加工技术性能重视程度不够,工艺流程尚不成熟。特别是经济合理、环境友好型的分离提取技术和工艺流程尚在探索阶段;(5)可供勘查评价与找矿预测的超常富集成因机制与找矿模型的基础研究尚不深入。针对以上5个问题,提出5个方面的思考与建议,以期加快黏土型锂矿床的勘查开发步伐,可望缓解锂矿资...     

DRASTIC-based vulnerability evaluation for groundwater environment in Kunming City

Groundwater pollution has serious influences on programming and development for a city. So it has a special importance to assess reasonably the vulnerability to pollution for urban groundwater. DRASTIC is an effective method for groundwater vulnerability assessment, which has been adapted in USA and Europe countries. In this paper, DRASTIC method is applied in vulnerability assessment of shallow groundwater environment in Kunming. A total of 1 339 units are divided in this area and the grade of each unit for seven indexes is determined. Then vulnerability zones are divided in the area by DRASTIC value, which has an important meaning to city programming.     

多源终端位置服务平台设计与应用

随着社会信息化的快速发展,位置服务应用正从行业领域转向大众领域,研究通用且易扩展的适用于各个领域的位置服务平台很有现实意义.通过研究位置服务平台的关键技术,提出了一种通用的面向多源终端的位置服务平台设计与实现方法,详细阐述了平台的设计原则、总体架构、数据模型、系统接口、插件扩展、实现关键技术、实验结果等方面的内容,并以...     

风廓线雷达资料的应用:质量评估

利用FNL全球再分析资料(Final Operational Global Analysis)、探空资料对2019年6—9月位于中国华北地区20个站点共5种型号(CFL-06、GLC-24、TWP8-L、CFL-03、CLC-11-D)的边界层风廓线雷达资料进行了质量评估。结果表明:各型号雷达均具有较强的探测能力,但不同雷达在水平风资料数据获取率以及有效探测高度上差异极大。不区分天气状况时,所有型号雷达均为V风质量优于U风质量。TWP8-L雷达U风测风质量相对最佳,CFL-03雷达紧随其后,GLC-24雷达U风测风质量最差,V风质量则差异不大,U风数据使用前需进行偏差订正以及质量控制。风廓线雷达观测对于降水较为敏感,降水使各型号雷达数据获取率在底层减小,中高层增加,增幅最大达到53％,但探测能力加强并不代表测风质量增加,统计结果表明降水是造成U风平均误差以及均方根误差较高的重要原因,其中,GLC-24、CLC-11-D雷达对降水最为敏感,降水状态相较于非降水状态均方根误差增幅均达到了5.5 m/s以上,降水情况下的U风及V风资料需进行进一步质量控制才可使用。     

Disaster chains initiated by the Wenchuan earthquake

The Wenchuan earthquake caused numerous landslides and avalanches, which initiated causal chains of geological and ecological disasters. Field investigations and field experiments were performed in the earthquake area in 2008 and 2009 to study the disaster chains. Four types of disaster chains have been identified and seven cases have been studied. In the disaster chains, each episode was caused by the previous episode, or the causal episode. In the first chain, landslide created a quake lake, which was followed by landslide dam failure flood and very intensive fluvial process. The last episode of the chain was loss of habitats and destruction of aquatic biocommunities. The Tangjiashan and Huoshigou landslides initiated such a type of disaster chain. The second chain consisted of landslide, drainage system burying, debris flows, and development of new drainage system and intensive fluvial process. The Wenjiagou landslide initiated such a type of disaster chain. The third chain consisted of avalanches, grain erosion (unusual erosion of bare rocks due to insolation and temperature change), slope debris flows, and flying stones. Many such disaster chain events occurred on the mountains by the Minjiang River section from Yingxiu to Wenchuan. The fourth chain has only two episodes: avalanches during the earthquake occurring on elevation between 100 and 800 m from the riverbed, and rock falls or new avalanches due to increased slope angle of high mountains (400–1,500 m from the riverbed). The Chediguan bridge was broken by such avalanches in July 2009, in which six were killed and more than 20 were injured. For all the disaster chains, the volume of mass movement in each episode was much less than the causal episode (previous episode). In other words, there was an attenuation along the causal chains. The attenuation factor is defined as the ratio of the volume of mass movement or affected area in one episode of a chain to the volume or affected area in the causal episode. The study concluded that the attenuation factor ranges from 0.02 to 0.3. Macroinvertebrates were used as indicator species to evaluate the ecological effect of the disaster chains. The number of species was greatly reduced by the causal chains, although the river section was not directly affected by landslides.     

盔犀鸟头胄工艺品的宝石学及谱学特征

对市场上出现的盔犀鸟头胄工艺品及其拼合制品、仿制品,在宝石显微镜下放大观察,采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外一可见光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪等大型分析仪器进行测试,探究其物质组成、生长结构、颜色成因以及鉴定方法。结果表明,盔犀鸟头胄整体表现为层状鳞片生长结构,头胄工艺品的黄色基体中普遍发育近平行条带生长结构,红色圆斑与黄色基体呈渐变过渡关系;红外光谱表现为酰胺特征吸收谱带,表明角蛋白为头胄主要成分;特征的紫外一可见吸收光谱与拉曼光谱均标志着类胡萝卜素的存在,且类胡萝卜素是头胄的主要呈色原因。拼合工艺品的红色圆斑具有清晰边界并可见拼合缝隙,红外光谱显示红色圆斑为人造树脂材料。仿制品的黄色基体内部可见气泡,红外光谱揭示其整体均为人造树脂。     

四川软玉猫眼赋存的围岩显微结构研究

对四川软玉猫眼的赋存围岩一蛇纹石化辉橄岩和橄榄岩的岩石显微结构的研究结果表明：围岩的主要结构类型为网格状结构和交代假象结构。交代假象结构又可分为橄榄石假象和辉石假象两种。辉石假象有两种表现形式：其一为蛇纹石交代辉石而保留辉石的晶形;另一种表现为由辉石蚀变所析出的磁铁矿经浓集而形成肋状条纹以及磁铁矿向辉石边缘迁移而形成浓缩边。研究认为：在超基性岩体蚀变过程中,首先发生橄榄石化和辉石化,生成蛇纹石。而后蛇纹石对与其接触的碳酸盐岩发生接触交代,吸收围岩中的钙而形成软玉。     

武汉市人口集聚对城市房价空间分布的影响

针对人口和房价问题的研究多基于地理空间单元,难以从更深层次、更多角度反映两者关系的问题,以武汉市主城区为例,在区县、街道、居民区3个空间尺度与工作和休息这两个时间节点上应用Kriging插值、区位熵、集聚指数等方法分析人口集聚和房价的分布特征及相关性,并在居民区尺度基于土地利用数据这非地理空间单元,对人口集聚和房价关系进行探讨.结果表明,房价与人口集聚分布具有趋同性,但并非完全同步,房价高值往往与人口集聚高值错开而分布在其周围;用地类别中,相对于居住人口,公共管理与公共服务设施用地,绿地与广场用地、公共设施用地类别房价受就业人口集聚影响更为显著.     

近百年来黄河改道及输沙量变化对山东半岛泥质楔沉积物粒度特征的影响

对山东半岛泥质楔柱状样进行沉积物粒度分析,并在210Pb测年基础上结合黄河年输沙量、悬浮泥沙粒径、河口位置及沿岸流强弱替代指标等数据研究近百年来黄河改道及输沙量变化对远端沉积区沉积特征的影响。研究结果显示,研究区沉积物粒度的变化是黄河入海泥沙特征和沿岸流等水动力作用共同影响的结果。1884–1939年及1947–1999年,研究区沉积物粒度特征的变化主要受到沿岸流强弱的影响;1939–1947年及1999–2012年,受1938–1947年花园口决堤以及20世纪90年代末以来黄河年输沙量持续偏低致使源区泥沙不足的影响,沉积物粒度相对粗化,与沿岸流强度的相关性减弱。与黄河入海泥沙近端沉积区不同,研究区粒度特征对黄河尾闾改道事件不敏感,且对花园口决堤及年输沙量低于临界值的响应有一定程度的延迟,这与该区沉积物经历了再悬浮过程及中间复杂的物质混合有关。黄河改道及输沙量变化仍然是远端沉积区沉积特征演化不可忽视的因素。     

An improved wind speed algorithm for “Jason-1” altimeter under tropical cyclone conditions

Rain effect and lack of in situ validation data are two main causes of tropical cyclone wind retrieval errors. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration＇s Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique （CMORPH） rain rate is introduced to a match-up dataset and then put into a rain correction model to remove rain effects on ＂Jason-1＂ normalized radar cross section （NRCS）; Hurricane Research Division （HRD） wind sPeed, which integrates all available surface weather observations, is used to substitute in situ data for establishing this relationship with ＂Jason-l＂ NRCS. Then, an improved ＂Jason-l＂ wind retrieval algorithm under tropical cyclone conditions is proposed. Seven tropical cyclones from 2003 to 2010 are studied to validate the new algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the standard deviation of this algorithm at C-band and Ku-band is 1.99 and 2.75 m/s respectively, which is better than the existing algorithms. In addition, the C-band algorithm is more suitable for sea surface wind retrieval than Ku-band under tropical cyclone conditions.