滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成因探讨

矿化剂和沉淀富集剂是成矿物质中的重要组成部分，也是人们分析成矿作用和建立成矿模式的基础。在分析滇黔桂地区金矿地质特征和成矿流体的基础上，提出该类矿床的矿质主要来源于被动陆缘沉积建造，促使金活化、迁移的矿化剂主要是盆地热卤素流体和有机质流体，促使金局部沉淀富集的沉淀富集剂则主要是沉积建造内和深源富硫的流体和热液改造的有机质。认为矿质、矿化剂和沉淀富集剂在有利容矿空间的耦合是形成滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿的主要成矿机制，并在此基础上讨论了卡林型金矿的成因和成矿模式。     

东太平洋573孔始新世末渐新世纪地层特征及稀土元素地球化学

根据深海钻探样品分析，对东太平洋地区573孔始新世末渐新世初的地层进行了研究，尤其是研究了其稀土元素地球化学特征。各层球粒陨石标准化值曲线平缓，重稀土相对富集，各层Ce严重亏损（第2层轻度亏损），各层的Eu仅轻度亏损。始新世与渐新世的界线地层含钨粘土层的稀土元素含量明显比其它层含量高得多。此外，该层还富含Fe及指示地外成因的Ni、Co、Ir等元素，且底部富含微玻璃陨石。这些特征说明该含金属粘土层的形成与火山活动有显关系，其底部可能还与陨击作用相联系。从区域地质情况来看，始新世末期有明显的生物灭绝和环境变化，微玻璃陨石广泛发育，说明该时期明显的灾变事件发生。     

农牧交错带典型区农业与牧业用地互动关系研究

利用1989年和2000年的两期Landsat-TM数据和相关的统计资料以及气候数据，应用转移距阵和多元回归分析等研究方法，对地处典型农牧交错带地区的兴和县土地利用变化进行研究，结果表明：农田和草地是研究区域中最主要的土地利用类型，Landsat-TM卫星影像数据和统计数据比较一致地反映农田和草地面积的变化；农田和草地的相互转换率在各种用地相互转化中非常剧烈；农业与牧业用地的互动特征具有明显的区域差异；农业和牧业用地的互动特点是自然因素和社会经济因素同时影响的结果。     

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.     

Laboratory investigations of inert gas flow behaviors in compact sandstone

The seepage evolution behavior of compact rock is significant for the stability and safety of many engineering applications. In this research, both hydrostatic and triaxial compression tests were conducted on compact sandstone using an inert gas, namely argon. A triaxial compression test with a water permeability measurement was carried out to study the difference between the gas permeability and water permeability evolutions during the complete stress–strain process. Based on the experimental data, the hydrostatic stress-dependent gas permeability was discussed firstly. A second-order function was proposed to predict and explain the gas slippage effect. The mechanical properties and crack development of the sandstone samples were discussed to better understand the permeability evolution with crack growth during the complete stress–strain process. The results show that the gas permeability evolution can be divided into five stages according to the different crack growth stages. Then, the permeability changes in the crack closure stress \( \sigma_{\text{cc}} \), crack initiation stress \( \sigma_{\text{ci}} \), crack damage stress \( \sigma_{\text{cd}} \) and peak stress \( \sigma_{\text{p}} \) with confining pressures were analyzed. Finally, we found that the difference between the corrected gas permeability and water permeability can be attributed to the interaction between the water and sandstone grains.     

耿庄金矿含FeS2晶须环带重晶石巨晶的特征及成因意义

在山西耿庄金矿区含金隐爆角砾岩体的晶洞内,发现了含FeS2晶须环带重晶石巨晶,用扫描电镜、电子探针、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射等手段系统研究了重晶石及其所含FeS2晶须的矿物特征。结果表明,重晶石化学成分单一;晶体结构标准;发育完好;晶须为FeS2 Fe(Ni, Co)S2的类质同象系列。根据地质背景,结合包裹体研究成果,运用晶体生长和地球化学理论,讨论了重晶石巨晶及所含晶须的成因。认为重晶石巨晶是该区燕山期花岗岩浆活动的期后热液演化到后期阶段时,SO2-4与围岩中的钡反应而形成;所含的FeS2晶须是持续进行的火山隐爆作用所产生的大量H2S、SO2等与热液中分解出的Fe2+、Ni2+、Co2+反应而形成的;富碱、H2S溶解度增大,S2-增高有利于晶须的生长;重晶石和晶须生长的地质环境具有宏观上的一致性和具体条件的差异性。当pH值为1~8.5、lgfO2为-31~-38时,优先进入FeS2生长的优势场,形成FeS2晶须矿物。当pH值为5.5~10、lgfO2在-25~-36时形成重晶石;FeS2环带和重晶石的共生现象是两者共结晶交互生长的结果;重晶石的套叠生长和晶须环带特征,是耿庄地区隐爆作用脉动性和周期性作用的结果。耿庄含晶须重晶石巨晶,明确标示出所形成的地质条件和地质作用过程,为深入研究隐爆作用和理解该区成矿作用提供了矿物学证据。     

安徽大别山腹地中生代火山岩的发现及其地质意义

近期作者等在大别山腹地开展１∶５万区调过程时,于中深变质岩中发现一套中生代火山岩系;主要岩石类型为石英安山质晶屑凝灰熔岩、火山角砾岩及凝灰岩。通过详细观察、追索,其中查明火山岩系的空间分布及其与围岩的接触关系。对认识大别山的构造演化及热隆—顶蚀作用、超高压变质带的形成、折返机制等提供新的依据。     

元素地球化学揭示的长江中游鄱阳湖地区中更新世以来粉尘堆积的物源特征及其环境意义

位于长江中游的鄱阳湖地区深受东亚季风影响,因其特殊的地理、地貌与水文、水系特征,自中更新世以来随着冬季风的加强,在大姑组、九江组砾石层之上风成堆积广泛发育。该区域中、上更新统表现为网纹红土、均质红土和下蜀黄土的独特沉积序列,厘清这三套独特沉积序列的物质来源对于我们认识东亚季风演化及其区域环境响应至关重要。本文选择了长江中游鄱阳湖地区10个典型剖面,基于<20μm颗粒组分的元素地球化学特征,研究了该地区中、上更新统粉尘堆积的特点,并将其与黄土高原西峰黄土和东秦岭黄土做了对比分析。研究认为,长江中游鄱阳湖地区这套独特的沉积序列,元素特征基本相似,具有贫Co、Pb,富Zr、Hf,低Eu/Eu^*(0.53~0.62)、LaN/YbN(4~8)、Ta/Zr(0~0.006)、Nb/Zr(0~0.09),高Y/Ho(28~30)、Zr/Hf(36~48)等特点,与黄土高原与东秦岭黄土有显著区别。基于Hf-Th-Co、Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Sc-La蜘蛛图投影分析,鄱阳湖地区第四纪粉尘物质的源岩接近于石英岩类,为被动大陆边缘构造背景下的产物,显著区别于黄土高原与东秦岭黄土(源岩接近于页岩,形成于大陆岛弧构造背景)。进一步分析认为,网纹红土、均质红土的母质均与区域下蜀黄土类似,推测它们均来自于其冬季风上风方向的长江或赣江的古河谷漫滩,这套独特的沉积序列是第四纪以来长江中游现代格局的水系贯通后,冬季风增强,吹蚀大江大河广阔的古河谷漫滩而形成的区域粉尘堆积的结果;是湿热的亚热带季风区对于中更新世以来在轨道尺度上冬夏季风均加强的背景下独特的区域响应。     

北祁连西段柳沟峡铁（铜）矿田牙形刺的发现及其地质意义

笔者依据北祁连山西段柳沟峡铁铜矿田原定长城系朱龙关群含铁（铜）矿火山沉积宕系中新发现的牙形刺化石Ｐｈａｋｅｌｏｄｕｓｏｆｆｅｎｕｉｓ（Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ）Ｐｒｏａｃｏｎｔｉｏｄｕｓ；（∈２－３、∈３）和青白口系大柳沟群碳酸盐岩中新发现的Ｔｒｉｐｏｄｕｓ？Ｓｐ（Ｏ１），并与青海郭密寺地区中寒武统黑茨沟群中所发现的牙形刺化石（∈３－Ｏ１）属种相类似而论，认为上述原定地层还有可能重新厘定为寒武一奥陶系和奥陶系。这一发现为研究和恢复北祁连西段区域构造格架及区域构造演化历史提供了早古生代化石依据，对查明铁（铜）矿等的形成环境、总结成矿规律、扩大找矿效果具有较深远的意义。     

多层天然气藏叠加的地表化探异常特征及实例

通过大量实践,总结了单层气气藏、含双层气气藏和含多层气气藏在理想条件下的异常形态特征,实例为解释油气化探异常提供了一定的地球化学依据。