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51.
Jiří Horák 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1970,14(1):83-92
Zusammenfassung Wir studieren die Folgen eines Modells der unter der Voraussetzung konstruierten turbulenten Diffusion, dass die zuf?llige
FunktionX(X
0,t) eine Markowsche Funktion ist und dass der Mittelwert der Konzentration
von der Beimengung der zweiten Kolmogorowschen Gleichung entspricht. Das Verlassen dieser Vorstellung führt zur Schlussfolgerung,
dass man den Zustand des „Mikroobjekts” (Teilchens) für jedent-Wert als eine Klasse von Gr?ssenwerten betrachten kann, die es gleichzeitig prinzipiell m?glich ist mit beliebiger Genauigkeit
zu messen. Eine Abwendung von der statistischen Relation der Unbestimmtheit wird durch die Existenz von verborgenen Parametern
bei den diffusions- und Turbulenzprozessen verursacht. ihr Vorkommen ruft jedoch keinen übergang zum Kausalmodell des Prozesses
hervor; die FunktionX(X
0,t) (Lagrangesche Charakteristik vom Fliessen einer unkompressibeln Flüssigkeit) bleibt immer eine zuf?llige Funktion. Die Klasse
der m?glichen Wahrscheinlichkeitswerte des übergangsp bildet jedoch keinen Markowschen Prozess im entsprechenden Phasenraum.
Address: Boční II, Praha 4-Spořilov. 相似文献
Address: Boční II, Praha 4-Spořilov. 相似文献
52.
53.
Continuous gas monitoring in the West Bohemian earthquake area,Czech Republic: First results 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Eckhard Faber Josef Horálek Alena Boušková Manfred Teschner Ulrich Koch Jürgen Poggenburg 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2009,53(3):315-328
Two stations monitoring concentrations of carbon dioxide and radon in soil gas (Oldřišská and Novy Kostel) and one station
monitoring flow of carbon dioxide at a mofette (Soos) have been operated in the area of the West Bohemian earthquake swarms.
We present preliminary results obtained on the base of four-year observations. We found that data are not influenced considerably
by barometric pressure. Although the CO2 concentration varies greatly, the long-term trends at stations Oldřišská and Novy Kostel are similar, which indicates that
the CO2 flow is controlled by common geogenic processes. Also temporal trends of CO2 and Rn concentrations in soil gas at individual stations are analogous. We found diurnal variations of both CO2 concentration in soil gas and the CO2 flow at mofettes due to the earth tides. A response to tides of semi-diurnal period is insignificant in CO2 concentration and only weak in the CO2 flow. We also examined possible pre-seismic, co-seismic and post-seismic effects of the intensive 2008 earthquake swarm on
the CO2 concentration at Oldřišská and Novy Kostel, and on the CO2 flow at Soos. However, all potential indications were insignificant and there has not been proven any influence of the swarm
on the CO2 concentration as well as on the CO2 flow. Nevertheless, a gradual decrease of amplitudes of diurnal variations before the swarm and the lowest amplitudes during
the swarm is a noteworthy phenomenon, which might indicate the strain changes of the rock associated with earthquake swarm. 相似文献
54.
James M. Russell Scott M. Bailey Larry L. Gordley David W. Rusch Mihály Horányi Mark E. Hervig Gary E. Thomas Cora E. Randall David E. Siskind Michael H. Stevens Michael E. Summers Michael J. Taylor Christoph R. Englert Patrick J. Espy William E. McClintock Aimee W. Merkel 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(3-4):289-299
55.
A swarm of earthquakes of magnitudes up to M
L = 3.8 stroke the region of West Bohemia/Vogtland (border area between Czechia and Germany) in October 2008. It occurred in
the Novy Kostel focal zone, where also all recent earthquake swarms (1985/1986, 1997, and 2000) took place, and was striking
by a fast sequence of macroseismically observed earthquakes. We present the basic characteristics of this swarm based on the
observations of a local network WEBNET (West Bohemia seismic network), which has been operated in the epicentral area, on
the Czech territory. The swarm was recorded by 13 to 23 permanent and mobile WEBNET stations surrounding the swarm epicenters.
In addition, a part of the swarm was also recorded by strong-motion accelerometers, which represent the first true accelerograms
of the swarm earthquakes in the region. The peak ground acceleration reached 0.65 m/s2. A comparison with previous earthquake swarms indicates that the total seismic moments released during the 1985/1986 and
2008 swarms are similar, of about 4E16 Nm, and that they represent the two largest swarms that occurred in the West Bohemia/
Vogtland region since the M
L = 5.0 swarm of 1908. Characteristic features of the 2008 swarm are its short duration (4 weeks) and rapidity and, consequently,
the fastest seismic moment release compared to previous swarms. Up to 25,000 events in the magnitude range of 0.5 < M
L < 3.8 were detected using an automatic picker. A total of nine swarm phases can be distinguished in the swarm, five of them
exceeding the magnitude level of 2.5. The magnitude–frequency distribution of the complete 2008 swarm activity shows a b value close to 1. The swarm hypocenters fall precisely on the same fault portion of the Novy Kostel focal zone that was activated
by the 2000 swarm (M
L ≤ 3.2) in a depth interval from 6 to 11 km and also by the 1985/1986 swarm (M
L ≤ 4.6). The steeply dipping fault planes of the 2000 and 2008 swarms seem to be identical considering the location error
of about 100 m. Furthermore, focal mechanisms of the 2008 swarm are identical with those of the 2000 swarm, both matching
an average strike of 170° and dip of 80° of the activated fault segment. An overall upward migration of activity is observed
with first events at the bottom and last events at the top of the of the activated fault patch. Similarities in the activated
fault area and in the seismic moments released during the three largest recent swarms enable to estimate the seismic potential
of the focal zone. If the whole segment of the fault plane was activated simultaneously, it would represent an earthquake
of M
L ~5. This is in good agreement with the estimates of the maximum magnitudes of earthquakes that occurred in the West Bohemia/Vogtland
region in the past. 相似文献
56.
J. Laštovička J. Baše F. Hruška J. Chum T. Šindelářová J. Horálek J. Zedník V. Krasnov 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(16):1231-1240
Various pre-seismic and co-seismic effects have been reported in the literature in the solid Earth, hydrosphere, atmosphere, electric/magnetic field and in the ionosphere. Some of the effects observed above the surface, particularly some of the pre-seismic effects, are still a matter of debate. Here we analyze the co-seismic effects of a relatively weak earthquake of 28 October 2008, which was a part of an earthquake swarm in the westernmost region of the Czech Republic. Special attention is paid to unique measurements of infrasonic phenomena. As far as we know, these have been the first infrasonic measurements during earthquake in the epicentre zone. Infrasonic oscillations (~1–12 Hz) in the epicentre region appear to be excited essentially by the vertical seismic oscillations. The observed oscillations are real epicentral infrasound not caused by seismic shaking of the instruments or by meteorological phenomena. Seismo-infrasonic oscillations observed 155 km apart from the epicentre were excited in situ by seismic waves. No earthquake-related infrasonic effects have been observed in the ionosphere. Necessity to make vibration tests of instruments is pointed out in order to be sure that observed effects are not effects of mechanical shaking of the instrument. 相似文献
57.
Sarah McMullan Denis Vida Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix Jim Rowe Luke Daly Ashley J. King Martin Cupák Robert M. Howie Eleanor K. Sansom Patrick Shober Martin C. Towner Seamus Anderson Luke McFadden Jana Horák Andrew R. D. Smedley Katherine H. Joy Alan Shuttleworth Francois Colas Brigitte Zanda Áine C. O'Brien Ian McMullan Clive Shaw Adam Suttle Martin D. Suttle John S. Young Peter Campbell-Burns Richard Kacerek Richard Bassom Steve Bosley Richard Fleet Dave Jones Mark McIntyre Nick James Derek Robson Paul Dickinson Philip A. Bland Gareth S. Collins 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2024,59(5):927-947
On February 28, 2021, a fireball dropped ∼0.6 kg of recovered CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorites in South-West England near the town of Winchcombe. We reconstruct the fireball's atmospheric trajectory, light curve, fragmentation behavior, and pre-atmospheric orbit from optical records contributed by five networks. The progenitor meteoroid was three orders of magnitude less massive (∼13 kg) than any previously observed carbonaceous fall. The Winchcombe meteorite survived entry because it was exposed to a very low peak atmospheric dynamic pressure (∼0.6 MPa) due to a fortuitous combination of entry parameters, notably low velocity (13.9 km s−1). A near-catastrophic fragmentation at ∼0.07 MPa points to the body's fragility. Low entry speeds which cause low peak dynamic pressures are likely necessary conditions for a small carbonaceous meteoroid to survive atmospheric entry, strongly constraining the radiant direction to the general antapex direction. Orbital integrations show that the meteoroid was injected into the near-Earth region ∼0.08 Myr ago and it never had a perihelion distance smaller than ∼0.7 AU, while other CM2 meteorites with known orbits approached the Sun closer (∼0.5 AU) and were heated to at least 100 K higher temperatures. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Z. Horák 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,66(2):491-495
This is a first attempt to find a realistic explanation of the observed redshifts of quasars associated with galaxies, by considering, in addition to the inertial, also the gravitational time dilation in the strong field of quasars interpreted as huge black holes accreting matter from their surroundings. This interpretation allows us to understand the observed predominance of excess redshifts of quasars and construct possible semiquantitative models for the pair NGC 4319/Markarian 205. The proposed models do not contradict to the present astrophysical knowledge, but a selection of the most satisfactory one is still difficult because of the existing uncertainty in estimates of the sizes of radiating regions in matter accreted by a flying black hole.Essay received 2 March, 1979 by the Gravity Research Foundation (Gloucester, Mass., U.S.A.) and selected for Honorable Mention for 1979. 相似文献