大兴安岭中南段梅勒图组层型剖面锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

梅勒图组为大兴安岭中南段中生代层位最高的火山岩地层,其层型剖面的研究对于大兴安岭中南段梅勒图组的时代划分及区域对比具有重要意义。对梅勒图组层型剖面火山岩进行了年代学及地球化学研究,测试了4件安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄,结果介于127.7±1.4～133.4±1.5Ma之间,时代归属早白垩世。梅勒图组火山岩与中国同类火山岩相比,SiO_2(57.95%～64.25%)、TiO_2(0.69%～1.25%)及K2O(0.55%～4.97%)含量偏高;Fe_2O_3(2.03%～4.32%)、FeO(1.05%～3.77%)、MgO(0.52%～2.44%)及CaO(2.22%～6.07%)含量略偏低,MnO(0.05%～1.00%),Al_2O_3(14.97%～17.61%),Na_2O(2.61%～4.16%)含量相当;为一套准铝质-过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素总量较低,介于133.43×10~(-6)～181.7×10~(-6)之间,轻、重稀土元素分异明显(LREE/HREE=7.51～8.14,(La/Yb)N=7.75～8.78);轻稀土元素分馏较强,重稀土元素分馏较弱,具较弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.78～0.95)。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Pb、Sr)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P)和重稀土元素。岩浆来源于过渡型地幔,形成环境为大陆边缘弧,可能与太平洋板块俯冲后的陆内伸展作用有关。     

闽中梅仙铅锌多金属矿区S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质的示踪:以丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿为例

闽中梅仙铅锌多金属矿产于中—新元古代“变质基底天窗”绿片岩系中,目前对其成矿物质来源、矿床成因认识不一。对该矿区的丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿床主成矿期的闪锌矿和方铅矿等金属硫化物进行S、Pb同位素分析,结果表明:丁家山和峰岩矿床的硫、铅同位素组成基本一致,其金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值分别为0.4‰~5.0‰和1.8‰~4.2‰,平均值则分别为2.66‰和2.88‰,表明硫为幔源硫。金属硫化物的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值则分别为18.326~18.496和18.378~18.646、15.658~15.817和15.619~15.746、38.724~39.257和38.365~39.009,平均值则分别为18.388和18.447、15.705和15.700、38.880和38.823,表明2矿床铅均为壳幔混合源铅。综合硫、铅同位素分析结果,认为丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿床成矿物质主要来自燕山期花岗(斑)岩。结合矿床、矿体地质特征分析,丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿的形成主要与燕山期花岗(斑)岩侵入接触交代作用有关。     

2009年山西5次横切变暴雨的对比分析

利用常规和非常规气象观测资料,针对2009年汛期山西境内出现的5次横切变区域性暴雨天气过程进行流型配置、物理量诊断、卫星、雷达、GPS/MET资料以及可预报性综合分析。发现：5次横切变暴雨过程中2009年7月7 8日的暴雨过程是暴雨范围最大、降水强度最强、系统配置最完整的一次;连阴雨过程中无论是暴雨日还是非暴雨日都具有湿度大、湿层厚的特征,这是与其他4次非连阴雨暴雨过程的最大区别;对流性或混合性暴雨,在暴雨发生前1 2小时500hPa及其以下都具有θse随高度的增高而减小、500hPa以上都具有θse随高度的增高而增加的特征,稳定性暴雨则具有θse随高度的增高而增加的特征。5次暴雨过程500 hPa副高均为纬向型,700 hPa均有西南急流轴配合以及大陆小高压相伴,暴雨落区均位于气柱水汽总量梯度的大值区到大值区南（东）部0.5个经纬度的范围内。分析结果表明：小高压的位置不同导致了不同风向的辐合和不同走向的横切变线产生,急流头向北伸展的纬度不同导致了横切变线所处的纬度差异,直接影响暴雨的落区;低涡的强度不同使得降水量发生明显的差异;高低空系统配置越完整暴雨落区和量级的可预报性也越强;连阴雨过程中垂直速度、水汽通量散度、垂直风切变是提前24小时判断暴雨发生与否的敏感因子;水汽锋区走向与中低层切变线走向基本一致,在降水开始前,稳定性暴雨过程比强对流暴雨过程水汽锋区形成时间有更多的提前量,且对流越强烈水汽锋区形成的时间越晚。     

卫星遥感监测人类活动所致海洋环境污染研究进展

随着沿海地区城市化及工业化快速发展,人类活动对近岸海洋造成了陆源、气源、海源三类源头污染,导致海洋环境质量下降。卫星遥感具有覆盖范围大、快速、准确的监测能力,是全球海洋环境动态监测与评价研究重要手段。从三种海洋环境污染源出发,辨析人类活动造成的不同种类污染及其监测指标,梳理国内外卫星遥感监测相关海洋环境污染研究,检视卫星遥感技术方法在这些海洋环境污染上的应用,发现（1）人类活动造成的海洋环境污染主要是海洋水质污染、海洋垃圾和微塑料、海洋大气污染沉降污染三种类型。（2）水质污染的遥感监测应用有效针对水质环境恶化、灾害的大面积沿海水质环境等常规现场监测方法无法满足的情况,而海洋垃圾与微塑料污染监测方法已经从遥感反演到机器学习,海洋大气污染沉降的遥感监测应用中需要更多大气污染参数以达到精确监测。（3）海洋环境污染卫星遥感监测仍然受到影像数据的分辨率限制,同时受海洋的立体性和流动性影响,因此未来研究应集中于立体化的海洋遥感探测技术,同时利用卫星、航空、船舶、岸基等多源、多时空的监测数据,将光学物理传感器与生物传感器相结合,构建海洋多源监测数据库,为政府及相关商业部门提供即时海洋管理依据,辅助完善海洋文明与海洋空间规划。     

酒东盆地营尔凹陷早白垩世断陷形成机制探讨

位于青藏高原和华北板块两大构造带交汇处的河西走廊带中西段酒东盆地,早白垩世为典型断陷盆地,但对其断陷形成机制存在明显争议.因早白垩世两大构造带的主体构造作用明显差异:北—南向挤压和北西—南东向伸展,为深入了解哪一种作用是控制早白垩世酒东盆地形成的主要因素,本研究特选取远离新生代强烈活动的阿尔金断裂带,在河西走廊带中西段...     

塔里木盆地寒武纪—奥陶纪区域地球动力学转换的沉积作用响应及其储层地质意义

为了探索塔里木盆地区域构造演化对盆地内沉积相带展布和储层发育的控制,文章在综合了前人对塔里木盆地板块构造演化研究成果的基础上,深入分析了塔里木盆地周边早古生代区域地球动力学从伸展向挤压转换的时间及其所对应的盆地内部的沉积作用响应,认为古隆起的形成演化、台内相带的分异和台内台缘高能礁滩相带的展布、沉积基准面的转换、岩性岩...     

070729特大暴雨的地闪特征与降水相关分

利用闪电定位每分钟的实测资料、加密雨量站每分钟的雨量资料,以及卫星云图资料,对2007年7月29-30日,山西南部产生的特大暴雨的地闪特征进行了综合分析.发现:地闪出现在500hPa的5840gpm与5880gpm之间、TBB≤-43℃的区域内;低空急流左侧3个经距、700hPa暖切变南侧2～3个纬距所围区域与TBB≤-63℃的区域或云团南部TBB水平梯度的大值区相叠合的区域是地闪的高频数区和密集区,该区域与暴雨落区有较好的对应关系;3个中-β尺度对流云团和1个MCC是导致特大暴雨产生的主要对流系统.分析结果表明:两个中尺度云团合并的时刻是闪电频次更高的时刻,两个中尺度云团合并的地点是闪电频次更高更密集、降水更强的区域;利用单站每分钟的地闪累积数以及与加密雨量站每分钟雨量的关系,可以识别中-γ尺度对流系统,遥测小尺度强降水,提前35～40分钟预测雨强峰值的到来;只有在有利的高低层系统配置下,局地地闪频数与雨强随时间的变化才有很好的相关性.     

Zircon U-Pb dating,Geochemical Features of the Halunwusu Composite Granites at the Northern Edge of Southern Qilian,Qinghai

<正>1 Introduction Halunwusu Composite Granites,locates in the northern margin of Belt,between the North Qaidam block and the Central Qilian block,with two phases of magmatic activities.The granites mainly consisits of the Early     

1958-2008年山西气温变化的特征及趋势研究

With the original meteorological record, monthly report and informationized manufacture data of 109 stations during 1958-2008 archived by Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, the authors studied the variation trend and characteristics of average air temperature, average maximum and minimum air temperature, and average daily range of air temperature in Shanxi, the results show that: during the resent 51a, the warming trend of average air temperature, average maximum and minimum air temperature separately was 0.306℃/10a,0.337℃/10a and 0.363℃/10a in Shanxi, which was much higher than that of the corresponding period of the whole nation; the warming trend in winter, spring and autumn separately was 0.46℃/10a、0.35℃/10a和0.26 ℃/10a, the warming range was obviously higher than that of the whole nation, though, the warming range in summer was lower than that of the whole nation; the average daily range: was on descending trend in winter, summer and the whole year without exception, while in spring and autumn it was on weak upward trend. North Shanxi is not only the area where the seasonal and annual warming is the most obvious, but also is the area where the decreasing scope and extent of average daily range are maximum, Southwest Shanxi is the area where the increasing scope and extent of average daily range are maximum all the year round, in summer the air temperature appeared obvious dropping trend in the southeast of Shanxi; The contribution that the enhancing factor of urban heat island effect made to the seasonal average air temperature rising of moderate cities and above, is the highest in summer, and the lowest in winter.     

Quaternary sediment in the Yichang area: Implications for the formation of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River

Sediment data from the Yichang area in the Jianghan Basin of Hubei Province in China suggest deposition in a lacustrine environment prior to 0.75 Ma, B.P., followed by incision of the Yangtze River. The earliest Quaternary Yunchi Formation accumulated in an alluvial fan to fan-delta environment. The subsequent Shanxiyao Formation was deposited in an environment that changed from fan-delta to lacustrine. The distribution of sedimentary facies suggests the presence of a lake in the Yichang area prior to 0.75 Ma, B.P. The lack of sediments contemporaneous with the Yunchi and Shanxiyao Formations in other areas of the Jianghan Basin, suggests that this ancient lake was limited to the Yichang area. This lake predates the present Yangtze River in the Yichang area and the Jianghan basin. Provenance studies of gravels in the Yunchi and Shanxiyao Formations, as well as gravels in terraces and the channel of the Yangtze River indicate a variety of sediment sources, but suggest that no material from the area west of the Three Gorges had been carried into the Yichang area prior to 0.75 Ma, B.P. The Yangtze River cut through Three Gorges area only after 0.75 Ma, B.P.