长江水系河水的地球化学特征

本文较全面地探讨了除河口地区外,长江水系河水的物理化学条件,计算获得了河水的化学稳定性,酸和碱缓冲容量,表征了河水化学条件的区域分异特征,并对影响河水物理化学条件的因素进行了分析。     

松辽盆地宝龙山铀矿床中铀酰碳酸盐矿物的发现与砂岩型铀矿成矿的新途径

1 研究目的(Objective) 国内中新生代沉积盆地(伊犁、吐哈、鄂尔多斯、二连、松辽)中砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物类型以沥青铀矿或铀石为主,也可见少量的次生铀矿物,如水硅铀矿,与铀石可以相互转化.笔者在研究松辽盆地宝龙山铀矿床铀赋存状态过程中发现少量的铀酰碳酸盐矿物,本文运用扫描电镜、能谱与红外吸收光谱分析等方法对铀酰碳...     

黄土丘陵区生态系统服务供需匹配研究——以兰州市为例

生态系统服务的持续供给是社会和自然可持续发展的基础,人类通过对生态系统服务的消费来满足需求和提高自身福祉。研究生态系统服务的供给和人类对生态系统服务的需求与消费,分析生态系统服务的供需特征与空间权衡关系,对区域生态系统的管理和资源的有效配置具有重要意义。以兰州市为例,利用全市2017年土地覆被、气象观测和统计年鉴等多源数据,应用InVEST模型、ArcGIS和GeoDA等空间分析工具,计算了研究区产水、食物供给、碳固持和土壤保持等4项服务的供给量及需求量,并对区域内生态系统服务的供需匹配状况进行了分析与评价。结果表明：① 兰州市各项生态系统服务的供给与需求空间异质性显著,各项服务总供给量均大于总需求量,且在不同区域与不同生态系统服务之间存在明显差异;② 兰州市综合生态系统服务供需比为0.039,不同生态系统服务供需匹配状况存在差异,产水服务（0.098）>碳固持服务（0.066）>食物供给服务（0.030）>土壤保持服务（0.001）,且城乡供需匹配差异显著;③ 兰州市生态系统服务供需空间匹配有“高高型空间匹配”、“低低型空间匹配”、“高低型空间错位”和“低高型空间错位”4种类型,且各项服务的主导空间匹配类型有所不同;④ 兰州市各项生态系统服务的供需平衡状况存在明显的协同作用,分别是“高高协同”与“低低协同”。     

鲜水河断裂带位移协调比异常与四川地震活动

依据断层活动位移协调比的概念,对鲜水河断裂带上流动跨断层形变观测场地资料进行精细化处理,计算2008年汶川MS 8.0地震后各场地的协调比序列,并计算同期发生在四川域内的3次、南北地震带北部甘肃南部的1次6级以上强震的协调比异常,发现临震前均在鲜水河断裂带上捕捉到显著或普遍的协调比异常.可见,几次强震的发生与鲜水河断裂...     

柴达木盆地石炭系油气调查最新进展

柴达木盆地石炭系是海相油气勘探的新领域,通过对柴达木盆地石炭系油气地质条件进行调查,评价其资源潜力,为该区寻找油气战略接替区提供科学依据。以柴达木盆地石炭系为主要目标,通过调查和研究,首次获得柴达木盆地石炭系油气流,在柴达木盆地古生界海相新层系油气方面取得重要发现;综合区域调查、平衡剖面反演及镜质体反射率等分析,获取柴达木盆地主要构造运动期次;结合盆地模拟技术,重建了石炭系埋藏史,分析了柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩油气地化指标,研究了烃源岩生烃演化史。研究表明:柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩广泛发育,有机质丰度较高,埋深较大,但未发生变质,处于成熟-高成熟阶段;德令哈坳陷石炭系埋藏史主要表现为快速埋藏期、稳定期与强烈抬升剥蚀期,新生代以来沉降史与抬升剥蚀史存在着差异;石炭系烃源岩热演化史主要表现为“存在二次生烃,晚期生烃为主”的特点,主要受该区构造运动控制;柴达木盆地热演化总体表现为缓慢降低的趋势,主要受控于柴达木盆地岩浆热事件与构造活动。调查分析表明,新层系石炭系油气条件良好,资源前景广阔,是柴达木盆地下一步勘探的接替层系。     

The toxic mechanism of high lethality of herbicide butachlor in marine flatfish flounder, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

The toxic mechanism of herbicide butachlor to induce extremely high lethality in marine flatfish flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus, was analyzed by histopathological examination, antioxidant enzymes activities and ATP content assay. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney of exposed fishes showed that gill was a target organ of butachlor. The butachlor seriously impaired the respiration of gills by a series of lesions such as edema, lifting and detachment of lamellar epithelium, breakdown of pillar cells, and blood congestion. The dysfunction of gill respiration caused suffocation to the exposed flounder with extremely high acute lethality. Antioxidant enzyme activity assay of the in vitro cultured flounder gill(FG)cells exposed to butachlor indicated that butachlor markedly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPX). Furthermore, along with the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, ATP content in the exposed FG cells decreased, too. This infers that the oxidative stress induced by butachlor can inhibit the production of cellular ATP. Similar decrease of ATP content was also observed in the exposed flounder gill tissues. Taken together, as in FG cells, butachlor possibly induced a short supply of ATP in pillar cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme activities and then affecting the contractibility of the pillar cells, which in turn resulted in the blood congestion and suffocation of exposed flounder.     

The Impact of the Linked Factors of Provenance, Tectonics and Climate on Potash Formation: An Example from the Potash Deposits of Lop Nur Depression in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, Western China

Potash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium-rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower-Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great-united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter-term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long-term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub-depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits.     

异地气象卫星地面站的时间同步方案及误差分析

时间统一是跨区域多个气象卫星地面站顺利完成卫星数据接收任务及全系统业务正常运行和控制的重要要素。时间的标准有世界时、原子时及世界协调时等，提供时间标准的源有专用时统设备、全球定位系统（GPS）授时设备、天文台短波广播接收设备等。系统内的时间差异将使系统不能协调工作，导致接收任务的部分失败或完全失败。首先介绍了时间标准，和时间在业务系统中传输的常用方法，然后介绍一种利用GPS授时设备提供时码源，实现全系统时间统一的解决方案，最后讨论了采用该方法给系统授时的时间误差分析方法。该方案在气象卫星地面应用系统中成功应用，并可靠工作。此方案在多雷达组成的探测网，自动气象站网及其他气象业务网络中也将有广泛的应用前景。