中国近海海地瓜属(棘皮动物门：海参纲)的研究

海地瓜属Acaudina Clark,1907是印度一西太平洋印度马来亚区特有的芋海参,从潮间带到水深80米的沿岸浅海很普遍,在我国各海域都有发现,而且数量很多。 曾研究报道过中国海地瓜属的学者有: Semper(1868), Ludwig(1882), Chang(张凤瀛)(1934,1935),Yang(杨佩芬)(1937),张凤瀛等(1964)和Clark(1981)。 海地瓜属形态变化很大,骨片形态也不很稳定,有的完全没有骨片,或者仅在身体后端尾部有骨片,且随个体发育和栖息环境条件而変化。所以,海地瓜属在鉴定上存在很多困难,并且造成了许多混乱。 Sluiter(1912)曾对海地瓜属作了专门的研究,认为下列8个种和变种都是同一种。 有效的种只是模式种 Aphelodactyla molpadioides (Semper)一种。后来，Deichmann (Clak,1938)研究了Sluiter保存在阿姆斯特丹(Amsterdam)的材料,认为Sluiter的结论是正确的。1912年后又陆续发表了几个新种。Clark&Rowe(1971)在《印度-西太平洋区浅水棘皮动物专著》一书中列了下面5个种。 本文对中国科学院海洋研究所多年来在我国沿海采集的全部海地瓜标本(共807个)进行了详细研究。作者认为这一属可能只有两种,一种是海地瓜 Acaudina molpadioides (Semper),另一种是白肛海地瓜 Acaudina leucoprocta (H.L.Clark)。这两种中国都有。同时认为 Acaudina delicata (H.L.Clark)应是Acaudina molpadioides (Semper)的异名，Acaudina irania (Heding) 应是 Acaudina leucoprocta (H.L. Clark)的异名。Acaudina gephyra (Sluiter) 可能是 A. molpadioides (Semper)的非正常个体。本文还对海地瓜属的变异作了描述,这种变异似乎和栖息环境,特别是底质有密切关系。     

钻孔灌注桩施工对邻近运营隧道变形影响研究

桩基施工将引起周边地层位移和邻近隧道结构变形,以南京龙津桥改建项目桩基工程为背景,通过现场实测,分析研究钻孔灌注桩施工全过程各工况条件对地层位移场和邻近既有隧道结构变形的影响规律。结果表明:由于钢套管的护壁作用,钻孔灌注桩施工过程中产生的最大地层位移和隧道结构变形较小,说明采用“钢套管边旋压边取土”、“群桩间跳施工”等工艺,对周围土体扰动影响程度较小,建议近隧桩基工程采用全套管灌注桩的施工方法,监测分析结果可为类似工程提供技术参考。     

热力强迫对越赤道气流产生和维持的作用——定性分析

从原始方程出发，应用大气运动的对称反对称性理论，就赤道地区一呈偶极子分布的反对称冷热源对越赤道气流的形成和维持作用进行了定性分析。结果表明，非绝热加热的反对称分布对越赤道气流的影响是通过诱发和维持反对称的气压场分量来实现的。即在热源上空低层形成低压，高层形成高压；在热汇上空形成相反的气压场。这样，在赤道上空高、低层就将形成与相应气压梯度方向一致的越赤道气流     

压汞仪数据处理中消除水银封闭间隙体积的量化方法

美国ＭＩＣ（Ｍｉｃｒｏｍｅｒｔｉｃｓ）公司生产的９２２０Ⅱ型自动压汞仪从８０年代中期进入我国石油天然气勘探开采部门，在用作储集岩孔隙结构实验分析中常出现水银封闭间隙现象，本文分析了该现象产生的各种原因及在资料中的表现形式，总结出消除封闭间隙的定性、定量方法，几年的生产实践应用表明，效果明显。     

赣东北地区前震旦系地层金的原生富集趋势探讨

在分析变质岩的含金性及地球化学性质的基础上，认为与金成矿有关的主要元素均源自前震旦系。指出了金的原生富集趋势和存在的矿源层。为在该区寻找金矿指出了方向     

后方交会法配合可编程计算器在测量放线中的应用

介绍了后方交会及支导线的计算方法，探讨了Casio Fx4500计算器程序的编制，说明后方交会法配合可编程计算程序在道路施工及其它测量放线过程中不仅克服了其路基不平等许多不便之处，而且大大提高了测量放线的速度和精度，值得推广应用。     

Uniting space, ground, and underwater measurements for improved estimates of rain rate

Global precipitation is monitored from a variety of platforms including spaceborne, ground-, and ocean-based platforms. Intercomparisons of these observations are crucial to validating the measurements and providing confidence for each measurement technique. Probability distribution functions of rain rates are used to compare satellite and ground-based radar observations. A preferred adjustment technique for improving rain rate distribution estimates is identified using measurements from ground-based radar and rain gauges within the coverage area of the radar. The underwater measurement of rainfall shows similarities to radar measurements, but with intermediate spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. Reconciling these different measurement techniques provides understanding and confidence for all of the methods.     

Genesis of Kanggur Gold Deposit in Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China: Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Constraints

Abstract. Primary fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates from the Kanggur gold deposit are dominated by aqueous inclusions, with subsidiary CO₂-H₂O inclusions that have a constant range in CO₂ content (10–20 vol %). Microthermometric results indicate that total homogenization temperatures have a wide but similar range for both aqueous inclusions (120 to 310C) and CO₂-H₂O inclusions (140 to 340C). Estimates of fluid salinity for CO₂-H₂O inclusions are quite restricted (5.9∼10.3 equiv. wt% NaCl), whereas aqueous inclusions show much wider salinity ranging from 2.2 to 15.6 equivalent wt %NaCl.
The 6D values of fluid inclusions in carbonates vary from -45 to -61 %, in well accord with the published δD values of fluid inclusions in quartz (-46 to -66 %). Most of the δ¹⁸O and δD values of the ore-forming fluids can be achieved by exchanged meteoric water after isotopic equilibration with wall rock by fluid/rock interaction at a low water/rock ratio. However, the exchanged meteoric water alone cannot explain the full range of δ¹⁸O and δD values, magmatic and/or meta-morphic water should also be involved. The wide salinity in aqueous inclusions may also result from mixing of meteoric water and magmatic and/or metamorphic water.     

The influence of hydrocarbon expulsion on carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes in pyrolysates of selected terrestrial kerogens

Expulsion of petroleum from source rock is a complex part of the entire migration process. There exist fractional effects on chemical compositions in hydrocarbon expulsion. Does the carbon isotopic fractionation occur during expulsion and to what extent? Here the influence of hydrocarbon expulsion on carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes from pyrolysates of selected terrestrial kerogens from Tuha basin and Fushun, Liaoning Province of China has been experimentally studied. The pyrogeneration-expulsion experiments were carried out under semi-closed system. The carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were measured by GC-IRMS. The main conclusions are as follows. First, there is carbon isotopic fractionation associated with hydrocarbon expulsion from Type III kerogens in Tuha Basin. There exist differences of carbon isotopic compositions between the unexpelled n-alkanes and expelled n-alkanes from Tuha desmocollinite and Tuha mudstone. Second, there is almost no carbon isotopic fractionation associated with hydrocarbon expulsion from Type II kerogens in Fushun and Liaohe Basin. Third, carbon isotopic fractionation in hydrocarbon expulsion should be considered in making oil-source correlation of Type III kerogens at least in the Tuha Basin. Further studies need to be carried out to determine whether this is true in other basins. Fourth, oil and source at different maturity levels cannot be correlated directly for Type III kerogens since the carbon isotopic compositions of expelled hydrocarbons at different temperatures are different. The expelled hydrocarbons are usually lighter (depleted in ¹³C) than the hydrocarbons remaining in the source rock at the same maturity.