Inferring user tasks in pedestrian navigation from eye movement data in real-world environments

Eye movement data convey a wealth of information that can be used to probe human behaviour and cognitive processes. To date, eye tracking studies have mainly focused on laboratory-based evaluations of cartographic interfaces; in contrast, little attention has been paid to eye movement data mining for real-world applications. In this study, we propose using machine-learning methods to infer user tasks from eye movement data in real-world pedestrian navigation scenarios. We conducted a real-world pedestrian navigation experiment in which we recorded eye movement data from 38 participants. We trained and cross-validated a random forest classifier for classifying five common navigation tasks using five types of eye movement features. The results show that the classifier can achieve an overall accuracy of 67%. We found that statistical eye movement features and saccade encoding features are more useful than the other investigated types of features for distinguishing user tasks. We also identified that the choice of classifier, the time window size and the eye movement features considered are all important factors that influence task inference performance. Results of the research open doors to some potential real-world innovative applications, such as navigation systems that can provide task-related information depending on the task a user is performing.     

Iterative construction of low-altitude UAV air route network in urban areas: Case planning and assessment

Journal of Geographical Sciences - With the rapid increase of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) numbers, the contradiction between extensive flight demands and limited low-altitude airspace resources...     

广西涠洲岛黄廯蜂巢珊瑚、肉质扁脑珊瑚的胚胎和幼虫的早期发育

研究造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖来探索珊瑚礁的生态修复是近年来的热点。本文于2018年5月采集广西涠洲岛自然海域中的黄廯蜂巢珊瑚(Favia favus)和肉质扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra carnosus)至室内养殖,收集受精卵,观察和记录其胚胎和幼虫的早期发育过程。结果显示,黄廯蜂巢珊瑚和肉质扁脑珊瑚都是雌雄同体,体外受精,在月圆后5~8 d产卵;发育过程都经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期以及浮浪幼虫期;两者的卵母细胞都不含虫黄藻。本研究记录了涠洲岛造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖行为,为进一步利用有性繁殖来进行珊瑚礁的生态修复提供了理论基础。     

多层级地址语义模型构建及其在疫情防控中的应用

目前城市各部门汇集了大量的地址数据,地址数据呈现多头管理和建设的局面,且没有从地理实体的源头处出发,导致成果无法集约共建及统一共享。本文基于以应用为导向的精细化管理需求,建立多层级地址语义模型和地址资源库,将地址资源库与地理实体挂接,形成地址到栋或单元级的房屋实体唯一地理基座,进而全面支撑智慧城市的建设、运营及管理,并在新冠肺炎疫情防控中进行了积极应用。     

离岸养殖与陆基养殖尖吻鲈形态性状与体质量的相关性研究

为探明陆基养殖和离岸养殖尖吻鲈（Lates calcarifer）形态性状与体质量的关系及形态差异,在海南省陵水县室内车间及南沙美济礁深水网箱对同一批次15月龄尖吻鲈的体质量Y和头长X₁、躯干长X₂、体长X₃、全长X₄、体高X₅、眼径X₆、吻长X₇、尾柄高X₈、尾柄长X₉等9个形态性状进行了测量,并进行了相关分析、通径分析和回归分析。结果显示,2个养殖条件下尖吻鲈在眼径和吻长等2个方面无显著差异,但在体质量、头长、躯干长、体长、全长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长和体高与全长的比值等方面呈极显著差异（P<0.01）。陆基养殖尖吻鲈各主要性状间的相关关系达到显著（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01）;除眼径X₆与吻长X₇无显著相关性外,美济礁离岸养殖尖吻鲈的其他各性状间的相关性达到显著（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01）。通径分析结果表明,陆基养殖群体的X₄和X₅对尖吻鲈体质量的直接作用达显著水平（P<0.05）,而X₃、X₅和X₉对美济礁离岸养殖群体体质量的直接作用达显著（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01）。决定系数分析显示,陆基养殖群体的X₄和X₅对体质量的共同决定系数之和为0.971,美济礁离岸养殖群体的X₃、X₅和X₉对体质量的共同决定系数之和为0.864,说明2个尖吻鲈养殖群体的体质量分别主要由这些形态性状决定;通过逐步回归分析,建立了2个养殖群体尖吻鲈多元回归方程:Y_陆基养殖=-1 128.61+3.143X₄+6.418X₅,Y_{美济礁离岸养殖}=-2 054.81+7.377X₃+9.196X₅-10.041X₉。研究表明,2种养殖模式下尖吻鲈的形态存在显著差异,美济礁离岸养殖尖吻鲈在体型上更具优势。     

海洋流线积分自适应步长计算模型研究

针对步长固定的传统流线数值积分中造成的计算不精确或无谓计算过多的问题,文献[15]提出了一种自适应步长的海洋流线构造算法,该算法中的自适应步长计算模型可综合考虑局部网格的流速和流向,具有双自由度调整的优点,但也存在着邻近网格流向改变过大造成的追踪不持续、网格内流速过缓造成的迭代死循环等问题,为此本文提出了一种新的自适应步长计算优化模型,优化后的模型在保持原模型优点的基础上,通过限定积分步长的下限取值范围,解决了流线追踪不连续及计算迭代死循环问题,同时通过调整参数μ及δ在模型中的控制范围,使积分步长的适用度更加宽泛,从而提高了算法的计算效率、减少了数据存储量,并避免了流线混叠及锯齿现象,通过大量试验及三维可视效果的对比分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

High amplitude δ Scuti star BO Lyn with evidence of a late A-type companion in an elliptical orbit

We present 145 times of light maximum for high amplitude δ Scuti star BO Lyn based on several sky surveys(CRTS,DASCH,NSVS,OMC and Super WASP)and our photometric observations.Combining with the data in literature,a total of 179 times of light maximum are used to analyze the O-C diagram of BO Lyn.We find that it can be described by an upward parabolic component and a periodic variation with a period of 34.5±0.1 yr.The latter could be caused by the light travel time effect as a result of an additional companion orbiting in a highly elliptical orbit(e=0.64±0.03).Our study indicates that the companion’s luminosity cannot be ignored,and it should be a late A-type main-sequence star.The long-term period change of BO Lyn is also detected,and its value,1.52±0.26×10~(-3)d Myr~(-1),is consistent with evolutionary models.We suggest that more spectroscopic and photometric observations are needed in the future to confirm the nature of the BO Lyn system.     

NSVS 01286630:a detached binary with a close-in companion

New photometric observations of NS VS 01286630 were performed and two sets of fourcolor(B, V, R_c, I_c) light curves(LCs) were obtained. Using the 2013 version of the Wilson-Devinney(W-D) code, we analyzed these data. The photometric solutions reveal that NS VS 01286630 is an active detached eclipsing binary(EB) with a high orbital inclination(nearly 90°). Remarkably, the temperature of the primary component(the hotter star) is higher than the secondary one, but the value of mass ratio q(M2/M1)for NS VS 0128663 is more than 1, which can be explained in that the surface of the secondary component of NSVS 01286630 is covered with big cool starspots. Based on our new CCD mid-eclipse times and the data published until now, variations in the mid-eclipse times were reanalyzed in detail using a weighted least-squares method. It is discovered that the(O-C) diagram of the system shows a cyclic oscillation with a period of 3.61 yr and an amplitude of 0.001 d. The cyclic variation may be caused by the light-travel time effect(LTTE) due to the presence of a third companion, whose mass we calculated as M3 sin(i_3) =0.11 M(?). The third body may affect the orbital evolution of the central binary system by transferring angular momentum.     

复合雷达后向散射模型与合成孔径雷达、散射计和高度计海面雷达后向散射观测的比较分析

海洋微波散射模型相比于以经验统计建立的地球物理模式函数具有不受特定微波频率限制的优势。组合布拉格散射模型和几何光学模型形成了复合雷达后向散射模型。利用南海北部气象浮标2014年海面风速风向实测值作为散射模型输入,分别比较了复合雷达后向散射模型与RADARSAT-2卫星C波段SAR、HY-2A卫星Ku波段微波散射计的海面后向散射系数,偏差分别为(?0.22±1.88) dB (SAR)、(0.33±2.71) dB (散射计VV极化）和(?1.35±2.88) dB (散射计HH极化);以美国浮标数据中心(NDBC)浮标2011年10月1日至2014年9月30日共3年的海面风速、风向实测值作为散射模型输入,分别比较了复合雷达后向散射模型与Jason-2、HY-2A卫星Ku波段高度计海面后向散射系数,偏差分别为(1.01±1.15) dB和(1.12±1.29) dB。中等入射角和垂直入射下的卫星传感器后向散射系数观测值与复合雷达后向散射模型模拟值比较,具有不同的偏差,但具有相同的海面风速检验精度,均方根误差小于1.71 m/s。结果表明,复合雷达后向散射模型可模拟计算星载SAR、散射计和高度计观测条件下的海面雷达后向散射系数,且与CMOD5、NSCAT-2、高度计业务化海面风速反演的地球物理模式函数的计算结果具有一致性;复合雷达后向散射模型可用于微波遥感器的定标与检验、海面雷达后向散射的模拟。     

几种降水pH值预报方法效果对比分析

将4种预报pH值的模式(欧拉酸沉降数值预报模式、神经网络预报模式、动态统计预报模式和集成预报模式),对2005年汛期(5～9月)的预报资料进行了对比,分析了这几种模式预报效果.结果显示:欧拉数值模式有较严重的计算数据溢出;4种预报模式均存在本地化不足问题,预报准确率受城市降水本身的pH值高低影响;内陆城市与沿海城市酸雨可能有不同的发生机制,并对各模式的预报效果产生影响;部分没有阴阳离子的模式在一些城市的预报效果可以接近有阴阳离子的模式.