Tschebyscheff 函数在大气模式垂直离散问题中的应用

文章就常用全球谱模式中的垂直离散问题进行了讨论，给出了用Tschebyscheff函数积分静力方程、连续方程，以及计算垂直平流、垂直扩散等的方法。还对某些气象要素在垂直方向微商呈现间断的问题进行了分析，指出了其中存在的问题和应采取的措施。     

桂北四堡群火山岩形成环境及构造意义

通过野外地质、岩石化学、稀土配分、微量元素等的综合分析表明,桂北四堡群火山岩形成于火山岛弧的构造环境,由四堡群组成的地质体是中元古代位于扬子大陆边缘以南的岛弧地体,中元古代末期该地体与扬子大陆边缘发生碰撞拼贴造山作用,这一作用决定了中、晚元古代桂北及邻区的大陆边缘构造及其演化过程。     

The petrochemistry characteristics and petrogenesis of peraluminous granite in Tibet

There are 61 major peraluminous granitic bodies in Tibet (TPGs) along the south of the Bangong Co-Gêrzê-Amdo-Nujiang suture, whose lithology includes tourmaline granite, muscovite granite and two-mica granite. The TPGs have SiO₂ = 65.7%−79.52%, K₂O + Na₂O = 2.20%−12.51%, K₂O/Na₂O = 0.49−1.04 and A/CNK = 1.04−1.38. Al₂O₃ gradually decreases and the other oxides disperse with the increase in SiO₂. The rock series is mainly calc-alk series with high potassium. It has typical characteristics of strongly peraluminous granite. Based on the aluminum saturation index and QAP plots, the peraluminous granite plot is mostly within the continental collision granite (CCG) field, indicating that the peraluminous granites in Tibet formed in a continental collisional setting. Ab-Or-Q-H₂O phase diagram indicates the pressure of 0.5 × 10⁸−2 × 10⁸ Pa in TPGs, from which it can be deduced that the forming temperature was under 700°C. The TPGs mainly occurred at the collision stage between two continental crust plates, and the original magma is rooted in the remelting from the upper crust. It is the S-type granite in petrogenesis. The South Gandise belt and the Lhagoi Kangri belt have similar characteristics, suggesting that the two belts have the same magma source and the same tectonic setting. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(9): 1329–1341 [译自: 地质学报]     

Analytic stage–discharge formulae for flow in straight trapezoidal open channels

Analytic stage–discharge formulae are derived for flow in straight trapezoidal channels, based on the 2D analytic velocity distribution in open channels given by Shiono and Knight [Shiono K, Knight DW, Turbulent open-channel flows with variable depth across the channel. J Fluid Mech 1991;222:617–46]. A simple hand-calculation method is provided. Legendre incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a binomial series expansion are used in the derivation of these analytic formulae, together with physically based hydraulic parameters, such as local friction factor (f), dimensionless eddy viscosity (λ) and secondary flow (Γ). The stage–discharge results obtained from the formulae are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data, as are the corresponding analytic velocity and boundary shear stress distributions. The influences of f, λ and Γ on the stage–discharge relationship are also discussed.     

Numerical modeling of geothermal groundwater flow in karst aquifer system in eastern Weibei,Shaanxi Province,China

The quantitative assessment of geothermal water resources is important to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. In the geothermal water systems the density of groundwater changes with the temperature, therefore the variations in hydraulic heads and temperatures are very complicated. A three-dimensional density-dependent model coupling the groundwater flow and heat transport is established and used to simulate the geothermal water flow in the karst aquifers in eastern Weibei, Shaanxi Province, China. The multilayered karst aquifer system in the study area is cut by some major faults which control the regional groundwater flow. In order to calibrate and simulate the effect of the major faults, each fault is discretized as a belt of elements with special hydrological parameters in the numerical model. The groundwater dating data are used to be integrated with the groundwater flow pattern and calibrate the model. Simulation results show that the calculated hydraulic heads and temperature fit with the observed data well.     

Toxicity of Ionic Liquids

The dramatic growth in ionic liquid research over the past decade has resulted in the development of a huge number of novel ionic liquids, as well as many associated applications. The perceived environmentally friendly nature of ionic liquids, which results from their negligible vapor pressure, is now under scrutiny since although they will not evaporate into air, it is not possible to guarantee that they will never enter the environment. Toxicity research studies including ecotoxicity, have recently received broad attention and the commonly accepted notion that ionic liquids have low toxicity has been shown to be incorrect. This review attempts to highlight the progress of ionic liquid toxicity research, as well as the development of degradable and bio‐renewable ionic liquids.     

Numerical modeling of geothermal groundwater flow in karst aquifer system in eastern Weibei, Shaanxi Province, China

The quantitative assessment of geothermal water resources is important to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. In the geothermal water systems the density of groundwater changes with the temperature, therefore the variations in hydraulic heads and temperatures are very complicated. A three-dimensional density-dependent model coupling the groundwater flow and heat transport is established and used to simulate the geothermal water flow in the karst aquifers in eastern Weibei, Shaanxi Province, China. The multilayered karst aquifer system in the study area is cut by some major faults which control the regional groundwater flow. In order to calibrate and simulate the effect of the major faults, each fault is discretized as a belt of elements with special hydrological parameters in the numerical model. The groundwater dating data are used to be integrated with the groundwater flow pattern and calibrate the model. Simulation results show that the calculated hydraulic heads and temperature fit with the observed data well.     

A numerical case study of the passage of a cold surge across Taiwan

Summary A numerical study of a cold surge that occurred from 19–23 December 2001 was conducted to better understand the cold surge characteristics over the Taiwan area. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) nested Mesoscale Spectral Model (MSM) was used for this study. Simulation results demonstrated that the nested NCEP MSM captured salient features of the selected cold surge case. We demonstrated that the local minimum center of the time change of virtual potential temperature (dVPT) can serve as the location of severe weather of the cold surge for all Taiwan regions. Furthermore, thermodynamic equation analyses revealed that the leading edge of the cold surge was maintained primarily by meridian thermal advection, while diabatic heating, vertical and zonal thermal advections were less important. The cold surge flows were blocked and lifted by the Central Mountain Range (CMR) on its windward side, which increased the cold surge’s vertical extent upward and increased northwestward tilting in the vertical structure. The flow eventually ascended, switched direction toward Taiwan, and descended over its northwestern and eastern coasts. The physical and circulatory characteristics of the cold surge differed noticeably on both sides of Taiwan. The cold surge’s leading edge over the Taiwan Strait was northeast-southwest oriented and had evident wind shear; on the east side of the island, it was stronger in intensity and faster-moving than its counterpart on the west side. Sensitivity experiments revealed that the CMR’s trapping of cold surge flows on its windward side affected cold surge leading edge characteristics in the following five ways: (1) weakening its intensity over the ocean but enhancing it inland, (2) decreasing its southward speed, especially over the western low plains region, but increasing its movement on the east coast, (3) increasing its vertical altitude and narrowing the horizontal extent of its vertical tilting, (4) altering its upper vertical circulatory structure, and (5) trapping a V-shape density current and enhancing its intensity in connection with the land-sea contrast.     

福州市新一轮土地利用总体规划修编研究

本文在综合评价福州市上一轮土地利用总体规划的基础上，指出上一轮土地利用总体规划存在的不足，并结合国家目前的宏观政策和福州市发展的迫切需要，提出新一轮规划修编的基本构想，以更好地发挥规划对福州市社会经济持续健康发展的促进作用。     

黏土型锂矿床勘查开发过程中的瓶颈问题和若干思考

锂作为国家战略性关键紧缺矿产资源,随着现代科技的不断进步,需求量会不断增加。寻找更多的锂矿资源,降低进口依赖度,保障国家资源安全,已是迫在眉睫。黏土型锂矿床作为锂矿的重要类型之一,因分布面积广,资源潜力巨大,越来越受到关注,或可成为锂矿资源的重要补充,既是今后矿产资源勘查的重要方向之一,也是破解锂矿资源紧缺局面的重要途径。黏土型锂矿床已取得不少进展,但也存在一些问题,一定程度上制约了对黏土型锂矿床勘查与开发。通过文献查阅、政府和企业官网的情报收集,结合自身锂矿勘查实践,发现影响和制约黏土型锂矿床勘查与开发的主要问题有五个：一是对黏土型锂矿床资源潜力认识不充分,前景不看好,未给予足够重视;二是缺乏指导勘查工作的规范性依据;三是矿产资源管理与矿业权管理中的不利因素导致勘查力度不足;四是勘查研究过程对于矿石选冶加工技术性能重视程度不够,工艺流程尚不成熟。特别是经济合理、环境友好型的分离提取技术和工艺流程尚在探索阶段;五是可供勘查评价与找矿预测的超常富集成因机制与找矿模型的基础研究尚不深入。针对以上5个问题,提出5个方面的思考与建议,以期加快黏土型锂矿床的勘查开发步伐,可望缓解锂矿资源紧缺和供需矛盾紧张现状。① 呼吁地勘行业重视黏土型锂矿床,将黏土型锂矿床按独立的新矿种类型对待。在充分利用煤、铝等勘查老资料进行二次开发的基础上,对异常区进行验证性调查,圈定可供勘查的找矿有利区段或找矿靶区,为黏土型锂矿勘查部署提供依据;② 通过选择有代表性的区块开展勘查开发试验研究和工程示范,尽快研究出台黏土型锂矿床勘查规范,为今后规范黏土型锂矿勘查工作提供作业依据;③ 从矿权现行管理制度出发,按照“公益先行,基金衔接,商业跟进,整装勘查,快速突破”二十字方针,一方面建议国家和地方政府设置专门的地勘基金,加大地勘基金财政投入,形成一批可供进一步勘查的矿产地,一方面建议矿产资源管理部门释放更多的勘查空间,引入更多社会资本,充分调动勘查市场的活力,为国家提供强有力的资源保障;④ 建议加大锂元素不同赋存状态及其不同占比情形下的分离提取试验投入,尽快形成技术可靠、经济合理、环境友好的工艺流程;⑤ 在梳理并聚焦制约勘查评价、开发利用及找矿预测工作的相关科技问题,通过科技攻关,为锂矿勘查开发提供强有力的科技支撑。通过上述主要瓶颈问题的有效解决,以期实现锂矿资源的重大找矿突破,形成一批可供工业规模开发的黏土型锂矿资源基地,继而从根本上解决锂矿资源紧缺现状和高度依赖进口的局面。