逆冲推覆构造最新研究进展评述

逆冲推覆构造最新研究进展包括以下４个方面：１．创立新型逆冲推覆构造几何体系，其主要构造要素为台阶式逆冲断层，强调断裂与褶皱的相互关联性，可划分为断裂与褶皱两个分支系统。２．发展平衡构造剖面的研究方法，用于计算造山缩短量并检验构造解释。３．发现韧性推覆产生糜梭岩、混合岩、花岗岩三位一体的成岩作用和对金矿床的控制作用；清表推覆构造对油气藏的控制作用；浅表台阶式逆冲断层对金属矿藏的控制作用，这种控矿作用     

拉张盆地伸展量的分形分析——以渤海盆地为例

研究表明脆性断层的位移分布具有自相似结构，并且服从幂指数定律，即具有分形特征。该特征提供了一种计算拉张盆地伸展量的方法（即分数维法）。以此来阐明小断层的滑移对冲伸展量的贡献，从而弥补了由平衡复原法计算伸展量时产生的差值。以渤海盆地为例，本文详细介绍这种方法的原理及操作，取得了较好的拟合效果。     

下扬子区岩石圈双层脆韧性过渡带叠置的流变学证据

下扬子区岩石圈流变学特征分析表明,流变学剖面具有典型的大陆拉伸构造特征,即“三层状”结构,3个脆性层之间夹有2个韧性层。浅层脆韧性过渡带与下地壳的低速高导层对应,深层脆韧性过渡带与Moho面对应。岩石圈强度在1.7×10~(11)～4.3×10~(11)N/m之间,是一个非常特殊的低强度岩石圈类型。岩石圈流变学特征反映的地球动力学意义与下扬子区中新生代以来的构造演化特征是一致的。     

Thermal-rheological structure of lithosphere beneath the northern flank of Tarim Basin, western China: Implications for geodynamics

Based on the data of geo-temperature and thermophysical parameters of rocks in the Kuqa Depression and the Tabei Uplift, northern flank of the Tarim Basin, in terms of the analytical solution of 1-D heat transfer equation, the thermal structure of the lithosphere under this region is determined. Our results show that the average surface heat flow of the northern flank of the Tarim Basin is 45 mW/m2, and the mantle heat flow is between 20 and 23 mW/m2; the temperature at crust-mantle boundary (Moho) ranges from 514℃ to 603℃ and the thermal lithosphere where the heat conduction dominates is 138-182 km thick. Furthermore, in combination with the P wave velocity structure resulting from the deep seismic sounding profile across this region and rheological modeling, we have studied the local composition of the lithosphere and its rheological profile, as well as the strength distribution. We find that the rheological stratification of the lithosphere in this region is apparent. The lowermost of the lower crust is ductile; however,the uppermost of the mantle and the upper and middle parts of the crust are both brittle layers,which is typically the so-called sandwich-like structure. Lithospheric strength is also characterized by the lateral variation, and the uplift region is stronger than the depression region. The lithospheric strength of the northem flank of the Tarim Basin decreases gradually from south to north; the Kuqa Depression has the lowest strength and the south of the Tabei Uplift is strongest.The total lithospheric strength of this region is 4.77× 1012-5.03 × 1013 N/m under extension, and 6.5 × 1012-9.4× 1013 N/m under compression. The lithospheric brittle-ductile transition depth is between 20 km and 33 km. In conclusion, the lithosphere of the northern flank of the Tarim Basin is relatively cold with higher strength, so it behaves rigidly and deforms as a whole, which is also supported by the seismic activity in this region. This rigidity of the Tarim lithosphere makes it little deform interior, but only into flexure under the sedimentation and tectonic loading associated with the rapid uplift of the Tianshan at its northern margin during the Indian-Eurasian continental collision following the Late Eocene. Finally, the influences of factors, such as heat flow, temperature,crustal thickness, and especially basin sediment thickness, on the lithospheric strength are discussed here.     

Distribution characteristics of terrestrial heat flow density in Jiyang depression of Shengli Oilfield, East China

Terrestrialheatflowdensityistheamountofheatperunitareatransferringfromtheearthinteriortosurface,whichisanexteriorcharacteristicofthethermalandgeodynamicprocessesoccurringindeepmantle[1].Heatflow,asthemostdirectmannerofthermalprocessindeepearthandembodyingabundantinformationofgeology,geophysicsandgeodynamics,isasyntheticallythermalindexandplaysaveryimportantroleinstudyingnotonlytheactivityofcrust,thermalstructureofcrustanduppermantle,aswellasrheologicalstructureoflithosphere,butalsotheevaluation…     

松辽盆地长岭断陷盆地断陷期构造转换及油气地质意义

本文以平衡剖面理论为指导,对松辽盆地长岭断陷3条近东西走向的剖面进行了研究。结果表明,长岭断陷盆地在火石岭期初始张裂,沙河子期、营城期断陷强烈扩张,伸展速率均在沙河子期最大,分别为907.50 m/Ma、1373.90 m/Ma和1100.00 m/Ma,两次扩张末期都伴有构造反转。沙河子末期最大缩短量达2.11 km,缩短率2.89%;营城末期最大缩短量达2.26 km,缩短率3.21%。登娄库期断陷开始向坳陷转化,泉头期—嫩江期为断陷期后热冷却沉降,表现为弱伸展作用,随后进入嫩江末期以挤压作用为主的反转构造发育期。沙河子组、营城组既是主力源岩,又是优质盖层和储层,构成了近烃源自生自储式成藏组合。在沙河子末期、营城末期构造运动形成的大范围的低幅褶皱构造是成藏有利区块。     

江山-广丰地区早白垩世晚期玄武岩的岩石地球化学及其构造意义

江山-广丰地区所在的信江红色盆地与金衢红色盆地同属于NEE向赣杭断陷盆地带的组成部分.赣杭构造带自早白垩世晚期开始强烈拉张,红色盆地形成.红层下部夹有层状玄武岩,全岩K-Ar年龄为98～105 Ma,属早白垩世晚期.岩石地球化学特征表明研究区有两类玄武岩:江山陈塘坞一带的拉斑玄武岩,礼贤、广丰一带的碱性橄榄玄武岩.Nd、Sr同位素组成分析显示,拉斑玄武岩类(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.705 4～0.707 0,εNd(t)值为1.69～0.70(接近于0),表明源区为基本未受壳源物质混染的原始地幔,在弧后陆缘环境下快速拉张而上升,呈熔岩被形式分布于信江盆地东部;碱性橄榄玄武岩(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.707 6～0.708 0,而εNd(t)值偏低(-6.43～-5.18),表明来源于已受壳源物质混染的富集地幔,在拉张加剧、裂陷加深的构造背景下喷发,相对集中分布于盆地中部,范围小于拉斑玄武岩.二者的差别主要是地幔源区受到不均匀混染所致.研究表明,早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世期间,太平洋板块俯冲的角度由缓变陡以及向东南方向的后退作用,对弧后陆缘的快速拉张并形成赣杭带红色断陷盆地及其玄武岩起着关键性作用.     

九岭山南缘断裂带运动学研究

江南晚元古代碰撞造山带中段九岭山南缘断裂带的运动学研究揭示出三个不同时期的强烈构造变形作用。第一期从北向南仰冲推覆作用,对应一个晚元古代洋盆关闭,板块碰撞造山过程;第二期从SW向NE的左旋走滑动性剪切作用,对应一个早古生代华南地体的斜向拼贴增生活动;第三期从北向南的逆冲-推覆作用,对应一个印支构造期的侧向挤压机制。现代地表上的九岭古岛弧南缘断裂带,是一个以走滑剪切力学作用占优势的片麻状糜棱岩带。宏观韧剪组构和显微构造标志为这个断裂带提供了重要的运动学证据。