社会资本对区域创新能力的影响

社会资本影响知识创造、知识获取与知识整合,进而影响区域创新能力的提升。基于中国大陆31个省份的截面数据,以无偿献血率、信任度和社会组织密度指标测量区域社会资本,以知识创造、知识获取、企业创新、创新环境和创新绩效等5个指标衡量区域创新能力,采用相关分析和多元回归模型分析社会资本与区域创新能力之间的关系。结果显示：（1）我国各省区间的社会资本与区域创新能力均存在较大差异,但两者的空间分布状况具有相似性;（2）信任纬度与区域创新能力呈显著正相关关系,而规范纬度和网络纬度与区域创新能力呈负相关关系;（3）人均GDP、R&D人员和研发机构数量与区域创新能力均呈正相关关系。最后,提出了提高社会资本、增强区域创新能力的对策。     

扩展SPARQL的室内空间语义查询研究

针对室内空间特点以及人类对室内位置服务的迫切需求,探讨了适合室内空间语义查询的方法。基于全息位置地图室内空间本体模型,描述室内空间对象及与之相关的人、事的属性信息及其关系,以室内空间本体概念及其属性作为查询原语,增加查询函数实现室内特有的空间关系（如“对面”、“楼上”和“楼下”等）的计算与查询,扩展了SPARQL查询语言基本语法。设计了室内本体查询语言IndoorSPARQL,开发自定义查询语言解析器,初步实现了顾及空间计算的室内空间语义查询。最后,利用Protégé本体建模工具对试验区进行本体实例建模,采用自定义查询语言IndoorSPARQL进行室内语义查询,并将结果可视化。实验结果表明,基于自定义语言IndoorSPARQL的查询方法可有效地支持顾及室内空间计算的复杂语义查询。     

残积土含水率对其动力特性影响试验研究

选取厦门某建筑工程地基浅层残积土重塑试样,利用SDT-10微机控制电液伺服动态三轴测试系统,在呈正弦变化的动态荷载作用下,测试含水率分别为10%、15%、20%和23%时残积土试样的动应力-应变、动变形-作用时间(作用次数)、动弹性模量等动力学特性曲线与参数。分析试验数据表明:试样在动荷载作用下表现为黏弹塑性变形特性,且随着含水率提高,试样累积塑性轴向变形逐步增大,最大弹性模量逐步减少,但含水率由20%增至23%时,最大动弹性模量降低幅度不大。     

路堤边坡稳定可靠度计算中的模型不确定性分析

基于均质路堤边坡Monte Carlo法的稳定可靠度计算,分析了临界滑面搜索策略和稳定分析方法两类模型不确定性对边坡可靠度的影响特性,讨论了边坡失效概率随土工参数变异性的变化规律。研究表明,选用不同的临界滑面搜索策略所得可靠度结果差异不大,参数滑面法（overall slope）的失效概率略大于均值滑面法（global minimum）,但差别对边坡稳定性分析没有实质性影响;土性参数变异水平是影响边坡可靠度的最重要因素,边坡在相同设计参数安全系数下的可靠度指标随参数变异性增大而急剧降低;不同稳定性分析方法对应的安全系数概率密度函数曲线形态基本一致,但失效概率差异明显,因此目标可靠度指标取值应与稳定性分析方法相适应。提出的考虑土工参数变异水平的安全系数取值修正原则,对改进确定性设计的边坡稳定分析技术有积极意义。     

花岗岩残积土冲击损伤与损伤演化特性试验研究

选取东南沿海某建筑工程地基浅层残积土为试样,运用超声波岩土损伤检测技术,测试计算在不同冲击荷载作用下试样纵波波速。选用纵波波速为损伤变量进行损伤度计算,分析了冲击荷载冲击频率、冲量等参数对试样损伤度的影响关系。同时结合试样试验破坏实际情况,分析了冲击荷载作用下试样损伤演化破坏特性。结果表明,随着冲击频率和冲量的增大,残积土试样损伤度都有增大上升趋势;随着损伤度的增加,残积土冲击损伤演化过程可分为小变形、端部出现裂纹、前端1/3处鼓胀或出现裂纹、前端裂纹扩展与表面剥落等几个不同破坏阶段。研究结论为揭示动荷载作用下残积土动力损伤演化规律提供科学依据和量化参数。     

内蒙古宝昌台地电阻率长期观测数据研究

分析了内蒙古宝昌台地电阻率长期观测数据的可靠性,应用归一化变化速率方法和傅氏滑动方法处理了1985年以来的地电阻率观测数据,研究了该台在地震前中期、短期阶段的监测效能,结果显示：该台两个正交测道的地电阻率观测对台站周围的中等以上地震有一定的监测能力,表现出了与地震有关的震前持续性的中期、短期异常,且在中国大陆及周边发生的数次远距离8级以上大震前也记录到持续1年尺度时间的下降/上升异常。     

Identifying spatio-temporal variation and controlling factors of chemistry in groundwater and river water recharged by reclaimed water at Huai River,North China

Reclaimed water is efficiently used to recover the dry river, but river water and groundwater may be impacted considering the water quality. Thus, it is critical to study the factors controlling water chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly from January to September in 2010, in Huai River (North China). And samples were analyzed for major 15 physio-chemical parameters. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 9 months are divided into two distinct groups, which show the clear temporal variation. In reclaimed water and river water, one group includes February, while the other includes other months. In shallow and deep groundwater, one group includes months from January to April, while the other encompasses others. Monitoring stations are classified into three groups. Group A with high value of ions and nitrogen (order: NH₄-N > NO₃-N > NO₂-N) includes reclaimed water and river water. Group B with moderate concentration and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NH₄-N > NO₂-N) includes all shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater. Group C with the low value and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NO₂-N > NH₄-N), includes two deep groundwater. Using multivariate analysis and ionic relationships, river water chemistry is found to be controlled by reclaimed water and evaporation process; chemistry in shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater, with type of Na–Ca(Mg)–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering. Additionally, reactions of nitrification, denitrification and cation exchange occur in the infiltration of reclaimed water; chemistry in the other deep groundwater, with type of Ca–Mg–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering and denitrification.     

陆态网络GNSS基准站阶跃偏移量的精确估计

通过对发生阶跃的GNSS基准站坐标序列谱指数的求解,表明了其具有有色噪声的特性,并对三分量分别建立了最优噪声模型,以此对GNSS基准站坐标的阶跃偏移量进行了精确估计,探明了地震和仪器更换对测站产生的精细影响。同时利用求解的阶跃偏移量对坐标序列进行修正,对获取连续性变化的测站坐标序列和获取精确的测站三维运动参数具有重要意义。     

Upper mantle seismic anisotropy beneath a convergent boundary: SKS waveform modeling in central Tibet

This study used SKS waveforms from the International Deep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalayas (INDEPTH) III dataset and a new 2D method for modeling seismic waves in anisotropic media to construct an image of anisotropic structures beneath central Tibet. A preferred model revealed three-segment anisotropic structures in the upper mantle beneath the study region. Waveform modeling demonstrated that the anisotropy was mainly generated by the lithosphere but not the asthenosphere, and that an anisotropic model with a flatter axis of symmetry provides a more consistent interpretation of the observations than models having steeply dipping symmetry axes. A relatively low velocity zone may underlie or intermingle with the anisotropic structures in the northern portion of the region. Synthetic tests also indicate that variations in the elastic constants and depth extent of the anisotropy assumed by the calculations do not affect the general conclusions, although trade-offs exist among certain model parameters. The modeling results suggest that the complex seismic structures in central Tibet were associated with underthrusting of the Indian lithosphere beneath the Asian lithosphere; the inferred flat symmetry axis of the anisotropy was likely generated during this collision process. If this were not the case, the inherited anisotropy would exhibit a steeply dipping axis of symmetry, parallel to the direction of underthrusting.     

Soil phosphorus bioavailability assessed by XANES and Hedley sequential fractionation technique in a glacier foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain,Southwestern China

The primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by soil phosphorus bioavailability, which depends largely on chemical fractions of phosphorus. The sequential fractionation technique developed by Hedley et al. or its subsequent modification is a well-known method to determine soil phosphorus forms. Hedley sequential fractionation technique separates the phosphorus into fractions based on their different chemical solubilities in extractants with certain chemical properties. Recently, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been employed to measure soil phosphorus species directly and non-invasively. The XANES method provides information concerning local structure and chemical information of target elements at a molecular level. Thus, it can distinguish phosphorus fractions bound by metal oxides or hydroxides (such as Fe, Al, and Ca). In this present work, the phosphorus speciation of topsoil along a glacial foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain is determined using these two methods. The changes in soil phosphorus bioavailability along the 120-year-old chronosequence are assessed based on comparisons of the results obtained by these two methods. The results indicate that Hedley sequential fractionation technique shows a greater ability to determine soil bioavailable phosphorus (Resin-P and NaCHO₃-P), while XANES is effective in distinguishing phosphorus bound by metal compounds. In the chronosequence, Ca- and Al-bound phosphorus were derived mainly from primary minerals, whose phosphorus contents decreased within 120 years of moraine weathering and soil development. The content of soil bioavailable phosphorus increased rapidly after 30 years since deglaciation. The increasing phosphorus bioavailability promoted the colonizing and primary succession vegetation.