国家精品课程“遥感原理与应用”创新教学实践

国家精品课程"遥感原理与方法"是遥感科学与技术大学本科的专业必修课,随着遥感技术发展和国家卓越工程师培养计划的逐渐深入,遥感科学与技术学科学生的基础知识和实践能力得到了很大的提高。为了使学生能够灵活使用所学知识,提高学生的实际动手能力和培养学生的创新能力,在实际教学中对教学方法进行了改革和创新,如结合我国测绘卫星的最新动态讲述卫星遥感技术的发展能够大大拓宽学生视野,从课堂教学、课后作业、课间实习和课程考试等方面逐步引导学生自主学习,高密度实验教学环节的设置用于提高学生的实践能力等。实践证明,教学改革对学生创新能力的培养取得了一定的效果,从而得到了师生的广泛认可。     

三维激光扫描技术在复杂地质隧道岩体信息获取中的优化

为了更高效、高精度地获取岩体结构面信息,借助三维激光扫描技术,提出并建立一种基于Kriging算子和最小二乘法组合的点云插值方法。首先对获取的隧道点云数据利用单一的最小二乘法进行插值,并以此为基础,结合Kriging算子的适应度函数建立组合插值模型。在利用三维激光扫描仪已获取的某岩溶隧道的原始点云数据的基础上,运用组合模型进行插值处理,以此获取岩体结构面信息,并将组合方法得到的结果与单一的插值方法进行对比,发现组合方法插值效果较好,误差也较小。基于Kriging算法和最小二乘法结合的插值方法,在利用三维激光扫描技术获取岩溶隧道岩体几何信息—结构面产状的过程中能更加精确、全面,并可以用于岩体稳定性评价。     

贵州省国土资源执法监察监管系统建设与应用

针对贵州省山地居多、生态环境脆弱、交通通讯不发达,人力资金相对不足等现状,研究建设了在线、离线相结合,内业、外业相协同,"省、市、县、乡"四级一体化应用,涵盖"线索发现、问题分析、外业核查、立案查处"全流程的国土资源执法监察监管系统。系统突破了高效、高精度、多模式的国土资源执法监察监管的系列关键技术方法,建立了国土资源监察监管系统与"一张图"平台一体化集成应用的新模式,已经部署应用到贵州省国土资源执法局和9个市州国土局和若干区县国土局。实践表明系统可以节省大量的国土资源执法人力、物力和时间,有效提升贵州省国土资源执法监察监管的效率和水平。     

Two-step method for the determination of the differential code biases of COMPASS satellites

The differential code bias (DCB) in satellites of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) should be precisely corrected when designing certain applications, such as ionospheric remote sensing, precise point positioning, and time transfer. In the case of COMPASS system, the data used for estimating DCB are currently only available from a very limited number of global monitoring stations. However, the current GPS/GLONASS satellite DCB estimation methods generally require a large amount of geographically well-distributed data for modeling the global ionospheric vertical total electron content (TEC) and are not particularly suitable for current COMPASS use. Moreover, some satellites with unstable DCB (i.e., relatively large scatter) may affect other satellite DCB estimates through the zero-mean reference that is currently imposed on all satellites. In order to overcome the inadequacy of data sources and to reduce the impact of unstable DCB, a new approach, designated IGGDCB, is developed for COMPASS satellite DCB determination. IGG stands for the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, which is located in Wuhan, China. In IGGDCB, the ionospheric vertical TEC of each individual station is independently modeled by a generalized triangular series function, and the satellite DCB reference is selected using an iterative DCB elimination process. By comparing GPS satellite DCB estimates calculated by the IGGDCB approach based on only a handful (e.g., seven) of tracking stations against that calculated by the currently existing methods based on hundreds of tracking stations, we are able to demonstrate that the accuracies of the IGGDCB-based DCB estimates perform at the level of about 0.13 and 0.10?ns during periods of high (2001) and low (2009) solar activity, respectively. The iterative method for DCB reference selection is verified by statistical tests that take into account the day-to-day scatter and the duration that the satellites have spent in orbit. The results show that the impact of satellites with unstable DCB can be considerably reduced using the IGGDCB method. It is also confirmed that IGGDCB is not only specifically valid for COMPASS but also for all other GNSS.     

社会人文地理国情监测体系初探——以汶川地震核心灾区为例

地理国情监测是当前我国测绘地理信息服务的重要工作,本文以汶川地震核心灾区社会人文地理国情监测为例,通过分析总结,初步提出了社会人文地理国情监测体系,并从概念体系、标准体系、方法体系和成果体系四个方面阐述了体系的架构和主要内容,为地理国情监测工作走向业务化、规范化和常态化提供一定的理论支持。     

中国海岸带管理空间基准的构建

针对海岸带管理空间基准服务需求的特点,讨论陆海空间基准现状及存在的问题;提出改革现有条块分割管理体制,建立陆海一体化CGCS2000基准服务体系和机制的构想;创建一种基于CORS网的海岸带管理陆海一体化三维空间基准模型,可为海岸带信息化管理和可持续发展提供支撑.     

土地利用数据综合方法的研究进展

对有关土地利用数据综合方法的研究成果进行综述,主要回顾国内外在土地利用数据综合操作方面的理论规则、约束条件、算法等,并展望土地利用数据综合的未来研究方向。