基于孢粉组合定量重建古植物多样性的方法与进展

过去植物多样性变化历史及其与气候、人类活动的关系,可以作为现今植物多样性格局及其趋势预测的相似型,并为植被多样性恢复策略的制定提供历史参考。目前,国内外古生态学者在孢粉多样性现代过程与基于化石孢粉组合的植物多样性长期变化等方面开展了大量研究。针对孢粉多样性分析所面对的来自孢粉鉴定精度、传播方式、源区范围与植被代表性、不同传播方式与沉积过程等诸多限制因素的影响,文章综述了古植物多样性定量重建常用的孢粉多样性指标和方法,如孢粉种类数与孢粉丰富度、均匀度、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等;并结合现代过程与重建案例分析了不同方法存在的问题与校正方案。指出今后的研究需要注意提高孢粉鉴定精度与形态分类标准的一致性;进一步构建能够融入现代宏观生态学研究的孢粉β多样性与功能多样性等方法;同时加强不同尺度的孢粉多样性现代过程研究,校正孢粉多样性与植物多样性的定量关系,合理剔除不同传播方式与沉积过程等的影响,从而提高古植物多样性定量重建的准确性。

     

Study on Recovering the Earth＇s Potential Field Based on GOCE Gradiometry

Given the second radial derivative Vrr（P） ｜δs of the Earth＇s gravitational potential V（P） on the surface δS corresponding to the satellite altitude, by using the fictitious compress recovery method, a fictitious regular harmonic field rrVrr（P）^＊ and a fictitious second radial gradient field V：（P） in the domain outside an inner sphere Ki can be determined, which coincides with the real field V（P） in the domain outside the Earth. Vrr^＊（P）could be further expressed as a uniformly convergent expansion series in the domain outside the inner sphere, because rrV（P）^＊ could be expressed as a uniformly convergent spherical harmonic expansion series due to its regularity and harmony in that domain. In another aspect, the fictitious field V^＊（P） defined in the domain outside the inner sphere, which coincides with the real field V（P） in the domain outside the Earth, could be also expressed as a spherical harmonic expansion series. Then, the harmonic coefficients contained in the series expressing V^＊（P） can be determined, and consequently the real field V（P） is recovered. Preliminary simulation calculations show that the second radial gradient field Vrr（P） could be recovered based only on the second radial derivative V（P）｜δs given on the satellite boundary. Concerning the final recovery of the potential field V（P） based only on the boundary value Vrr （P）｜δs, the simulation tests are still in process.     

Dependence of Tropical Cyclone Intensification on the Latitude under Vertical Shear

The sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification to the ambient rotation effect under vertical shear is investigated. The results show that the vortices develop more rapidly with intermediate planetary vorticity, which suggests an optimal latitude for the TC development in the presence of vertical shear. This is different from the previous studies in which no mean flow is considered. It is found that the ambient rotation has two main effects. On the one hand, the boundary layer imbalance is largely controlled by the Coriolis parameter. For TCs at lower latitudes, due to the weaker inertial instability, the boundary inflow is promptly established, which results in a stronger moisture convergence and thus greater diabatic heating in the inner core region. On the other hand, the Coriolis parameter modulates the vertical realignment of the vortex with a higher Coriolis parameter, favoring a quicker vertical realignment and thus a greater potential for TC development. The combination of these two effects results in an optimal latitude for TC intensification in the presence of a vertical shear investigated.     

Analysis and Research on Blasting Network Delay of Deep-Buried Diversion Tunnel Crossing Fault Zone Based on EP-CEEMDAN-INHT

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) of blasting seismic wave monitoring signal with noise can get IMFs with serious modal confusion and endpoint...     

Kinematic-based failure angle analysis for discontinuity-controlled rock slope instabilities: a case study of Ren Yi Peak Cluster in Fusong County,China

Natural Hazards - Failure angle, also called maximum safe slope angle, is an important design parameter for rock slope stability analysis and slope excavation. This study aims to scientifically...     

Geochronology of the Xihuashan Tungsten Deposit in Southeastern China: Constraints from Re–Os and U–Pb Dating

Xihuashan tungsten deposit is one of the earliest explored tungsten deposits in southeastern China. It is a vein type deposit genetically associated with the Xihuashan granite pluton. Here we report new dating and zircon geochemistry results. Re–Os isotopic dating for molybdenite intergrowth with wolframite in the oldest generation of the Xihuashan pluton yielded an isochron age of 157.0 ± 2.5 Ma (2σ). Zircon U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) dating shows that the pluton crystallized at 155.7 ± 2.2 Ma (2σ). This age is similar to the molybdenite Re–Os age for the ore deposit within error. This, together with published data, suggests that the major W(Mo)‐Sn mineralization occurred between 160–150 Ma in southeastern China. These deposits constitute a major part of the magmatic‐metallogenic belt of eastern Nanlin. The lower Re content in molybdenite of the Xihuashan tungsten deposit shows crustal origin for the ore‐forming material. The limited direct contributions from the subducting slab for the tungsten mineralization in the Nanling region suggest a change of the style of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath southeastern China.     

江西永新—崇义地区奥陶系岩石地层单位划分探讨

作者在野外工作和室内岩矿鉴定的基础上,首次在江西水新—崇义地区奥陶系发现火山碎屑岩。本文从地层的岩性岩相特征入手,探讨了该区奥陶系岩石地层单位的划分,据此厘定了各组的含义,讨论了其时代归属。     

衡山抗战军事文化旅游资源开发探索

南岳衡山是我国南方唯一的一处五岳名山,历史上也是我国南方最大的文化、宗教活动中心之一,素享"五岳独秀"、"文明奥区"、"宗教圣地"、"抗战名山"等盛名.在抗日战争中,衡山曾一度成为国民政府的军事指挥中心,留下了大量的抗战军事文化史话、遗存和胜迹等文化旅游资源.衡山抗战军事文化资源极具个性特色,拥有较高的开发利用价值.文中从衡山抗战军事文化资源形成的历史地理背景入手,全面阐述了衡山抗战军事文化资源,探讨如何把衡山"抗战名山"资源转变为现实旅游资源或现实的经济优势,提升南岳衡山生态文化旅游的品位,实现南岳衡山     

扬子地台北缘锰矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向研究

扬子地台北缘与秦岭褶皱系的南缘,自东向西分布着3个三级构造单元.扬子地台北缘多个拉张盆地及陆内同生盆地,对锰矿的空间分布具有重要的控制作用,形成了巴山锰矿带、南秦岭锰矿带和摩天岭锰矿带.各锰矿带在锰矿成矿地质条件等方面既具有相同之处,又具有各自的特点.文章通过对各成矿带锰矿成矿地质特征和典型矿床调查与分析研究,对锰矿成矿规律提出了一些新的认识,并对该区今后锰矿找矿方向提出了初步认识.     

塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏的特征及缝洞单元划分

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏的主要特征表现为油气藏高度远大于残丘圈闭幅度,油气分布受储集体发育程度控制,纵向上不连续,储集体主要为岩溶-构造作用所形成的缝洞,单个缝洞储集体为独立的油水系统等。运用油藏压力降落法、类干扰试井法和流体性质变化法等方法将塔河油田主体开发区划分出10个连通储渗单元和20个孤立或相对定容封闭体,对这些缝洞单元的特点作了描述。塔河油田整体上不具统一的底水;各油气藏流体性质变化较大。