内插法布设无碴轨道铺轨控制测量网方法

针对勘测设计阶段测量精度要求较低,而无碴轨道施工测量精度要求很高的情况。提出在勘测设计控制网中内插高精度施工控制网的方法。导出保持线路控制网两端切线(直线)实地位置不变,布设高精度施工控制网的办法。     

法国国家测绘局（IGN）述评

法国是世界测绘强国之一。法国国家测绘局（IGN）是法国测绘的领导机构。本文介绍了IGN的概况，并对IGN大地测量、地图制图、对外服务、研究机构等情况作了较详细的描述。在此基础上对IGN的未来发展特点提出了几点看法。     

Non-tidal variations in the deflection of the vertical at Beijing Observatory

At Beijing Observatory both astrometric and gravimetric observations are available to study the non-tidal variations in the deflections of the vertical (or non-tidal plumbline variations, PLVs). From repeated gravimetric observations performed in a network around the observatory, the PLVs at Beijing Observatory during the period 1987.0–1996.0 have been calculated. After comparison with the observational residuals (which also contain the PLV components) of the photoelectric astrolabe located at the observatory, the accuracy of the obtained PLV results has been examined. It is shown that, due to the asymmetry of the gravimetric network, the qualities of the two different PLV components are not equal. The longitude component of the PLV at Beijing has been determined successfully, to be of the order of 0.05, with a contribution of about 0.02 in the inter-annual time scale. The result for the latitude PLV component is not good enough to draw a conclusion. Although both techniques are able to measure the PLV, the result of the determination depends very much on the availability of observational data.     

Quality Assessment Of Digital Surface Models Generated From IKONOS Imagery

The growing applications of digital surface models (DSMs) for object detection, segmentation and representation of terrestrial landscapes have provided impetus for further automation of 3D spatial information extraction processes. While new technologies such as lidar are available for almost instant DSM generation, the use of stereoscopic high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI), coupled with image matching, affords cost-effective measurement of surface topography over large coverage areas. This investigation explores the potential of IKONOS Geo stereo imagery for producing DSMs using an alternative sensor orientation model, namely bias-corrected rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), and a hybrid image-matching algorithm. To serve both as a reference surface and a basis for comparison, a lidar DSM was employed in the Hobart testfield, a region of differing terrain types and slope. In order to take topographic variation within the modelled surface into account, the lidar strip was divided into separate sub-areas representing differing land cover types. It is shown that over topographically diverse areas, heighting accuracy to better than 3 pixels can be readily achieved. Results improve markedly in feature-rich open and relatively flat terrain, with sub-pixel accuracy being achieved at check points surveyed using the global positioning system (GPS). This assessment demonstrates that the outlook for DSM generation from HRSI is very promising.     

基于Servlet的WebGIS安全机制探讨

针对WebGIS服务中可能出现的安全问题,阐述利用Servlet的数据加密和安全机制,特别是访问控制列表,来实现WebGIS的安全服务的具体做法。     

测绘职业教育教学改革探讨

随着空间科学技术和计算机技术的发展，以“3S”技术为代表的测绘高新技术已普遍应用于测绘生产中。作为培养测绘实用型人才的测绘职业学校，测绘专业如何重新划分、测绘教育与教学内容如何改革，是测绘教育界普遍关注的问题，本文从教学的角度对有关问题进行了探讨。     

Practical Research of IKONOS-2 Geopositioning and Its Accuracy in Tibet of China

This paper presents the studies of the refining of IKONOS-2 RPC, the transform of the datum, the mode of the control point distribution and the method of IKONOS stereo triangulation, so that IKONOS imagery can be used to collect the precise geospatial data and produce the large scale map. The transform between the IKONOS-2 image space and the national coordinate system based on the RPC have been developed, and the results of block adjustment with various control schemes in a practical project near Himalayas have been examined and analysed. The encouraging results of high positioning accuracy have been obtained.     

空间测边交会的解法、精度估算和最佳图形探讨

本文介绍空间测边交会的三种解法。利用矩阵迹的性质,巧妙推出了实用的精度估算式,并由此得出空间测边交会的最佳图形为交会角皆是90°的四面体的结论。     

应用于复合型脆断的综合断裂理论

现有的复合型裂纹扩展断裂准则大多只考虑了裂纹尖端附近某一点处的某个力学参量。本文同时考虑了正应力、剪应力及塑性区的影响,并在此基础上提出了一个新的复合型断裂理论——综合断裂理论。同近年来的实验数据进行比较,得到了与实验十分接近的结果,并且还解释了其它理论所不能解释的实验现象。