CAD软件在工程地质三维建模中的应用

如何快速、准确地建立地质体的三维模型一直是众多岩土工程数值模拟工作者所面临的难题。虽然三维地学模拟软件具有很好的三维地质建模能力,但是由于数据结构的差异,采用他们现行三维地学模拟软件建立的地质模型难以导入数值模拟分析软件中,以为相应工程问题的数值模拟服务。目前,随着各种CAD、CAM软件行业的的飞速发展,涌现出了许多优秀的三维建模软件,而且这些软件大都与现行数值分析软件有着良好的数据接口功能。据此,本文提出了采用现行CAD软件来建立工程地质体的三维模型,使得建立的模型达到既可视又可算的目的。将其应用于云南某高速公路边坡的三维建模中,证明了该法具有方便、快捷和合理等优点。     

湘西北叶溪育含钒石煤矿地质特征及稀土元素分析

叶溪育石煤是湖南省境内一种比较特殊的煤种,其赋矿层位属"下寒武统黑色含矿岩系",主要分布于寒武系下统小烟溪组下段,一般含石煤层3层,个别地段为4-5层。叶溪育石煤矿可采石煤主要为第二层,厚度4.98～9.18m,平均7.49m。该矿石煤分布面积大,层位稳定,连续性较好;原煤发热量3.52～10.23MJ/kg,灰分产率52.12%～74.32%,全硫平均含量1.56%,为中硫、高灰分、低发热量的劣质煤;煤系地层中同时含钒矿体Z1、Z2、Z3,呈似层状、透镜状产出,其中Z1矿体已达中型规模;根据稀土元素地球化学分析,含煤岩系形成于缺氧的还原环境,矿床成因属于生物地球化学沉积矿床。     

Petrology and geochemistry of Zijinshan alkaline intrusive complex in Shanxi Province, western North China Craton: Implication for magma mixing of different sources in an extensional regime

In situ zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions and whole rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data are presented for the Zijinshan alkaline intrusive complex from the Shanxi Province, western North China Craton. Salic rocks dominate the complex with the monzonite occurring in the outermost and pseudoleucite phonolitic breccia in the center. The intrusion took place 127 Ma ago with the earliest emplacement of monzonite and the termination of cryptoexplosive pseudoleucite phonolitic breccia. All rocks from this complex show LREE enrichment and HFSE depletion and exhibit enriched to depleted Sr–Nd isotopic features. The presence of inherited zircons and enriched Hf isotopic compositions in zircon rims, along with the enriched whole rock Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, indicate that the monzonite was formed through the mixing of lithospheric mantle-derived magma with lower crust-derived melts. The diopside syenite and nepheline-bearing diopside syenite are more depleted than the monzonite in terms of the Sr and Nd isotopes, together with their very high concentrations of LILE, we proposed that they originated from a mixed mantle source of enriched lithospheric mantle and depleted asthenosphere. The nepheline syenite has very low concentrations of MgO, Ni, Cr, suggesting that the magma underwent significant crystal fractionation. The most depleted Sr and Nd isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7036–0.7042, ε_Nd(t) = − 0.2–0.3) among all rock types indicate a great contribution of asthenosphere to the nepheline syenite. The Zijinshan complex and its related crust-mantle interaction occurred in an extensional environment which resulted in continuously asthenospheric upwelling. Such an extensional environment might have been developed during the post-orogenic stage of the Late Paleozoic amalgamation of North China Craton with Mongolian continents and subsequent Mongol–Okhotsk ocean closure.     

辽西肖家营子钼(铁)矿床Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

肖家营子矿床是一个与中—基性侵入岩有关的夕卡岩型钼(铁)矿床,也是中国北方目前已知钼品位最高的矿床。钼、铁矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状、似层状赋存于夕卡岩体中。本文利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对主要矿化体中6件辉钼矿样品进行了成矿时代研究,获得等辉钼矿Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为(165.5±4.6)Ma,成矿年龄属于中侏罗世晚期,与燕山运动的中间幕时间一致,是燕山内陆造山作用的产物。该Re-Os定年结果限定了与钼矿床形成密切相关的细粒似斑状闪长岩的成岩年龄应该在180~160Ma间,这不但为华北北缘燕辽钼矿带的研究提供了新的重要证据,而且对深入研究燕山运动具有重要意义。     

河南省地热勘探开发的形势与任务

河南省地热勘探与开发经过20年来地热工作者不懈努力,在平原地区广泛分布的上第三系中找到了低温热储和丰富的地热资源,以城市为中心的地热开发初具规模,全省相继建起了集旅游、娱乐、保健、餐饮于一体的温泉中心近十处,给城乡居民带来了丰富多彩的生活。但与全国相比,我省地热地质工作滞后,资源不清,开发技术落后,地热能用途单一,效益低下,管理跟不上。我国地热开发正在走向地热产业化,面对咄咄逼人的形势、资源和环境的挑战,地热勘探开发必须奋起赶上,加强基础研究投入,引进先进的开发技术,培育地热供暖市场,加强规划和管理,提高资源效益。     

Directional spectra and eigen-solutions of vertically standing wavemodes of internal waves in shallow seas

Some approximate formulas, based on the internal- wave directional spectral model established by Schott and Willebrand (1973), of vertically standing wavemode eigenfunctions and a dispersion relation of internal waves in shallow seas are presented. An optimization method to estimate internal wave directional spectra is described and the confidence interval expression of the estimates is established. The GM spectral model of oceanic internal waves cannot be used in shallow seas (01 bers, 1983). Internal waves in shallow seas have two origins: oceanic (those generated in and propagating from the deep sea and ocean) and local (Phillips, 1977). As both reveal obvious propagation orientations, it is important to investigate the directional properties of the internal wave field. Though cross correlation function or cross-spectrum analyses can reveal the directional properties in some degree (Fang et al., 1984, and Fang, 1987), internal- wave directional spectrum analysis can further estimate the main propagation directions of wave components with different modenumbers and frequencies. So the latter is a more effective analysis tool. Because internal- wave directional spectrum analysis requires high quality data and long computer time, there are very few study reports so far on this subject. Among them. Schott and Willebrands' (1973) work is noteworthy. On the supposition, of linearization, they derived an internal- wave directional spectrum model. Internal-wave directional-spectra in shallow seas are investigated in the present study with their work as reference. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Geochemistry and chronology of large-superlarge nonmetal deposits in eastern Zhejiang Province: A case study

From geology and geochemistry studies on four typical large-superlarge nonmetal deposits in eastern Zhejiang Province, it is concluded that nonmetal mineralization is an in situ reduction process in which SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ are lost, and Al₂O₃ and K₂O are enriched. Moreover, incompatible elements are depleted in zeolite but enriched in alunite. Rb-Sr isotopic age of zeolite and K-Ar isotopic age or micro-area⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar isochron age of alunite are coincident with their geological data. respectively. Comparison studies of various chronology methods indicate that K-Ar and Rb-Sr methods are effective for zeolite and alunite, but should be carefully used for pyrophyllite, dekite and illite. From isotopic ages of ore and wall rocks of zeolite and alunite, it could be deduced that the age difference of metallogenism and volcanism is about 10–20 Ma.     

新生代浮游有孔虫整体变化趋势

新生代浮游有孔虫在确定地层时代和推断古沉积环境等方面有着极其重要的实用价值,本文利用新生代浮游有孔虫数据库,对其中的属种资料进行了大量的分析和总结,初步了解了新生代浮游有孔虫整体特征的变化趋势及其在各地史时期中的面貌,使我们有可能建立一种以浮游有孔虫分类特征为基础的“模式”。这样,我们不仅把握了新生代浮游有孔虫的宏观特征,而且有可能找到一种只要对某些特征组合面貌进行判断即可大致确定地层时代的快速方法。     

胶州湾水域短吻舌鳎年龄、生长及其年龄结构特征的研究

依2450尾短吻舌鳎渔业生物学测定和耳石观测,数理分析得出,耳石轮径与鱼体全长呈线性相关,与纯体重呈显著幂函数关系。运用过程分析法确认年轮形成以年为周期,主要为4～5月。经二次线性拟合年间 Von Bcrtalanffy 生长方程:雌鱼L_t=350.8996[1—e~(-O.3965(t+0.7574)], W_t=269.1963[1—e~(-0.392(t+0.7165)]3.1175;雄鱼L_t=314.0091[1—e~(-0.3444(t+1.1236))],W_t=191.6984[1—e~(-0.3263(t+0.9666)]~2.8788胶州湾水域短吻舌鳎年龄构成0～Ⅷ龄,Ⅱ龄鱼占优势(34.06％)。     

贫困动态的测度方法与演化机制

将贫困视为一个动态现象与过程逐渐成为学术界共识。尽管国内外相关成果丰硕,但迄今鲜有对贫困动态研究进行系统梳理。本文立足于现有文献,开展贫困动态研究的回顾与展望。首先,解析了贫困动态的内涵及类型;其次,分别从单维和多维角度归纳了贫困动态测度方法的原理、优缺点及数据来源;第三,从持续时间、家庭生命周期变化、代际传递和时空演变四方面系统梳理了贫困动态研究脉络;第四,基于经济学、社会学和地理学视角,分别从经济、发展和空间层面对贫困动态发生机制进行了解析。在对以上内容进行简要评述的基础上,展望了未来值得进一步探究的若干贫困动态议题,希望能够为贫困动态研究提供有益借鉴,并为巩固扶贫成果、完善扶贫政策提供理论支撑。