Impacts of human activities on coral reef ecosystems of southern Taiwan: a long-term study

In July 2001, the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, co-sponsored by the Kenting National Park Headquarters and Taiwan's National Science Council, launched a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program to monitor anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystems of southern Taiwan, specifically the coral reefs of Kenting National Park (KNP), which are facing an increasing amount of anthropogenic pressure. We found that the seawater of the reef flats along Nanwan Bay, Taiwan's southernmost embayment, was polluted by sewage discharge at certain monitoring stations. Furthermore, the consequently higher nutrient and suspended sediment levels had led to algal blooms and sediment smothering of shallow water corals at some sampling sites. Finally, our results show that, in addition to this influx of anthropogenically-derived sewage, increasing tourist numbers are correlated with decreasing shallow water coral cover, highlighting the urgency of a more proactive management plan for KNP's coral reefs.     

通道特性相关时带乘性噪声系统观测噪声的最优估计

研究在较弱的乘性噪声条件下系统观测噪声的最优估计问题,就乘性噪声为一般随机矩阵且各观测通道乘性噪声在同时刻相关的情形,给出了在线性最小方差意义下的观测噪声最优滤波算法和最优平滑算法。针对这些算法进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明算法有较好的估计效果。     

多通道带乘性噪声系统的分部滤波算法

针对多通道观测环境下带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波问题,提出了1种状态最优滤波的分部算法。分部估计方法将状态估计分解为标称滤波估计和余项估计2项相加的形式。该算法在线性最小方差意义下是最优的。仿真实例表明,分部算法的鲁棒性更强,对系统初值的改变具有更强的适应能力。     

高分五号大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪对流层NO2柱浓度遥感反演研究

搭载于“高分五号”（GF-5）卫星上的痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪（EMI）是一台星下观测的高光谱载荷,测量紫外和可见光光谱范围的地球后向散射辐射,设计用于大气痕量气体的探测。本研究基于EMI在VIS1通道的实测光谱,利用差分光学吸收光谱（DOAS）方法进行了对流层NO₂柱浓度反演,展示了基于EMI载荷的对流层NO₂柱浓度反演结果,与同类载荷产品进行交叉验证,并利用地基观测结果进行了地基验证。研究表明,EMI反演结果与OMI、TROPOMI具有较好的空间分布一致性和较低的相对偏差,与TROPOMI具有较好的时间变化一致性。地面验证结果表明EMI NO₂反演结果具有较高的精度。本研究证明了EMI在全球NO₂监测方面的能力,可以为中国后续污染气体探测载荷的设计和反演算法的开发提供参考。     

浅谈察右中旗库伦苏木防雷工程勘测和设计方案

有资料表明：全世界每天发生800万次雷电,平均每秒近100次．每个闪电的强度高达10亿伏特．功率可达10万千瓦．相当于一个小型核电站的输出功率;全球每年因雷击造成的损失约10～50亿美元,我国是雷害比较严重的国家．每年因雷击造成的人员伤亡700～1000人。财产损失50～100亿人民币。     

基于改进的数学形态学算法的LiDAR点云数据滤波

数学形态学在数字图像处理中有广泛的应用.首先介绍传统数学形态学算法的特点,对这一理论用于LiDAR点云数据滤波的不足进行了分析.在此基础上,对相应的算法进行扩展和改进,提出针对不同地形特点的自适应滤波算法.在数学形态学"开"算子的基础上,提出增加一个"带宽"参数用于点云数据滤波的方法.最后利用三组实际点云数据进行试验,以验证这一算法的有效性.     

Marine Ecosystem—Based Management: Definition,Principles, Framework and Practice

As the largest ecosystems of the earth, marine ecosystem provides many types of ecosystem service to human. More than 60% of the global population lives the coastal area. A healthy ocean is critical to our economy, health and way of life. However, with rapid population growth and densely inhabited coastal areas, our dependence on marine resources is greater than ever. The overuse and mismanagement of ecosystem services have placed great pressure on marine systems, thereby threatening the future of marine ecosystems, and the services they provide. With anthropogenic pressures increasing in coastal cities, adopting ecosystem-based management frameworks that minimize impacts on marine environments while allowing for sustainable development is critical. Marine Ecosystem-Based Management seeks to manage marine resources in ways that protect ecosystem health while providing the ecosystem services needed by people. Rather than focusing solely on a single species or resource, MEBM incorporates science and balances the demands of user groups in a manner that produces management strategies that are more likely to be sustainable than traditional approaches. The definition, principles and framework were discussed in this paper based on the summary of literature, and two examples were introduced. Last, some suggestions were put forward to marine ecosystem management for ocean ecosystem and for healthy coastal resources sustainable utilization.     

阿穆尔板块相对欧亚板块的欧拉运动

利用中国东北地区1998～2005年的GPS数据,结合俄罗斯、韩国和蒙古的部分GPS观测资料,用加权最小二乘方法以迭代的方式解算了阿穆尔板块相对欧亚板块的欧拉运动矢量。最终的33个测站的位移速率加权均方根残差(WRMS)为0.98mm/a。计算结果表明阿穆尔相对欧亚板块运动的欧拉极位于阿穆尔板块的北部边界外兴安岭东端(54.06±1.13°N,135.87±7.16°E),欧拉旋转量为0.099±0.00735°/Ma。     

A further investigation of the decadal variation of ENSO characteristics with instability analysis

Based on instability theory and some former studies, the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） data are analyzed to further study the difference between the propagation of the ENSO-related oceanic anomaly in the off-equatorial North Pacific Ocean before and after 1976. The investigation shows that after 1976 in the off-equatorial North Pacific Ocean, there is a larger area where the necessary conditions for baroclinic and/or barotropic instability are satisfied, which may help oceanic anomaly signals propagating in the form of Rossby waves to absorb energy from the mean currents so that they can grow and intensify. The baroclinic energy conversion rate in the North Pacific after 1976 is much higher than before 1976, which indicates that the baroclinic instability has intensified since 1976. Prom another perspective, the instability analysis gives an explanation of the phenomena that the ENSO-related oceanic anomaly signal in the North Pacific has intensified since 1976.     

胶东地热田地热流体的补径排特征——以招远东汤地热田为例

招远东汤地热田是胶东现有16处天然温泉典型之一,以东汤地热田为例,剖析胶东地热田的补径排特征,对胶东各地热田的资源评价及开发利用具有重要的现实意义。该文通过地热地质条件综合分析、地热流体与基岩水及第四系水水化学成分对比、D,18O同位素分析、模型概化等手段综合研究,认为东汤地热田主要受招平断裂带与玲珑断裂带的控制,其复合部位为地热流体入渗、深循环的主径流通道。地热流体的Cl-,F-,Ba2+,Li-,Sr2+,H2Si O3等离子及TDS含量明显高于其周边的水体,且随第四系水、基岩水及地热流体埋藏深度的增加,其δD与δ18O值逐渐偏负,确定地热流体与其周边的水体并无水力联系;通过地热流体D,18O同位素与大气降雨线的关系,得出地热流体补给来源于大气降雨。由D同位素高程效应,算得地热流体补给高程为314～414 m左右,结合招平断裂与玲珑断裂的复合部位延伸方向,确定地热田的主要补给区为距离地热田东北方向15 km的双顶山山区。该文补径排特征的研究,对胶东其他天然温泉的补径排特征及补给区的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。