Quantification of both normal and right‐lateral late Quaternary activity along the Kongur Shan extensional system,Chinese Pamir

The Kongur Shan Extensional System (KES) is a ~250 km long normal fault system that bounds the Muji–Tashkorgan basin of the Chinese Pamir. It accommodates E–W extension due to the northward indentation of the Pamir salient, and its late Miocene activity has been the focus of tectonic studies. While the KES has a main normal component, ~WNW–ESE‐striking segments have an additional right‐lateral strike‐slip component. Here, we quantify late Quaternary horizontal and vertical slip rates at three locations along the KES, where active faults cut and offset abandoned geomorphic features. We find rates of >3–4 mm a^?1 (horizontal) along the western Muji fault in the north and of ~1.7 mm a^?1 (vertical) and ~1 mm a^?1 (horizontal) along the Kongur Shan fault in the south during the late Pleistocene. These rates are consistent with GPS and late Miocene rates, and imply that E–W extension in the Muji–Tashkorgan basin is faster in the north than in the south.     

Use of stable water isotopes to assess sources and influences of slope groundwater on slope failure

This study employs stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes as natural tracers to assess the headwater of a landslide next to a drainage divide and the importance of the slope's headwater in the study area. The study is undertaken near Wu‐She Township in the mountains of central Taiwan. Because a reservoir is located on the other side of the divide, this study evaluates the relationship between the reservoir water and headwater of the landslide as well. Over a 1‐year period, water samples from September 2008 to September 2009, including local precipitation (LP), Wu‐She Reservoir's water (WSRW), slope groundwater (SGW), upper‐reach stream water (USTW), and down‐reach stream water (DSTW), were analysed for deuterium (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) stable isotopes. Results indicate that WSRW is the predominant component in SGW: approximately 70% of SGW originates from WSRW and 30% from LP based on a two end‐member mass‐balance mixing model for δ¹⁸O. The similar two end‐member mixing model is also employed to assess the contributions of USTW and SGW to DSTW. Model results indicate that SGW is the major source of DSTW with a contribution of about 67%. Accordingly, about 47% of DSTW sources from the WSRW. In short, owing to reservoir leakage, WSRW contributes the greater part of both SGW and DSTW. Plentiful WSRW in SGW threatens the stability of the slope in the divide area. To avoid subsequent continuous slope failure, necessary mitigation steps are required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法综述

第四纪冰川和冰川地质遗迹的研究,是研究第四纪全球气候变化的重要课题之一。中国第四纪冰川地质遗迹分布很广,类型多。最北的大兴安岭、南部的广西大明山、东部的长白山和台湾玉山、最西的喀喇昆仑山第四纪冰川地质遗迹均有分布,是世界上低纬度地区山岳冰川发育最广泛的国家。本文在前人研究的基础上,系统阐述我国第四纪冰川地质遗迹分布概况,结合开展的全国重要地质遗迹调查,以地质遗迹调查规范为基础,系统开展第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法研究。根据冰川在运动过程中对地面的侵蚀、冰碛物的搬运和堆积等不同的地质作用阶段,总结我国第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法体系,为开展同类地质遗迹调查提供方法指导依据。     

Identification of a locking segment in a high-locality landslide in Shidaguan,Southwest China

Natural Hazards - Identification of a locking segment is crucial to assess the potential runout risk and the overall stability of a high-locality landslide. However, it is difficult to...     

Constraints on the evolution of the Paleo.Tethys Ocean from the Elashan Formation andesites in Xiarihamu area,western segment of East Kunlun.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

东昆仑西段夏日哈木地区出露一套鄂拉山组火山岩,其成因对古特提斯洋演化过程具有重要的指示意义。通过对其进行锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和全岩主、微量元素、Sm-Nd同位素等研究确定其形成时代、岩石成因及其构造意义。安山岩中锆石的^(206)Pb/^(238)U加权平均年龄为223±2Ma,属于晚三叠世。岩石具有较低的SiO_(2)(59.45%~63.10%)和Mg^(#)值(28~51)、较高的Al_(2)O_(3)(16.19%~17.66%)和K_(2)O含量(1.42%~3.50%),表现为弱过铝高钾钙碱性系列。岩石具有富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素的特征,结合全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值(-4.3~-3.1)和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-3.4~+1.1),表明其可能来源于受富集地幔熔体底侵的古老下地壳部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为这些安山岩形成于碰撞后伸展环境,而古特提斯洋在晚三叠世已关闭。本文研究结果也说明在造山带研究中需谨慎利用火成岩的岛弧性质来判断其俯冲环境这一构造属性。     

Study on Solidification Treatment of Electrolytic Manganese Slag and Numerical Simulation of Slope Stability

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Manganese slag contains a large number of easily migrated heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen and other pollutants, which have a negative impact on the...     

论冰川颤痕

颤痕是冰川作用地区由冰川携带岩屑做周期性或间歇性运动在冰床基岩和冰碛石表面形成的新月形或弧形破裂形态,特征尺度一般不大于1 m。其主要形成机制类似Riedel构造模式中的（R）剪切破裂和（T）拉张破裂,且遵循脆性破裂原理。根据国内外文献报道和野外考察,从术语学角度将冰川颤痕分为狭义和广义两种。广义冰川颤痕,包括曲锥形擦口（狭义颤痕）、半月形裂口、新月形凿口、新月形裂纹和新月形断口5种。测量统计结果显示,23组新月形断口的排列间距,KS和JB检验均符合正态和伽玛分布（置信度95%）,与岩石节理（破裂）的间距特征一致;25组新月形凿口和35组新月形裂纹的排列间距,KS检验符合正态分布和伽玛分布,JB检验不符合正态分布（置信度95%）。证明颤痕在空间分布上大体保持相等的破裂间距,基本符合饱和模式理论。颤痕的定向性、成组特征具有明确的环境意义,与擦痕、擦面的地貌组合是重要的冰川遗迹判别标志。缺少冰蚀地貌组合的孤立“颤痕”,不具有指示冰川作用的价值。近年报道的山东鲁山没有“颤痕”等冰川遗迹。     

沉积微相控制下储层分类评价及预测

鄂尔多斯盆地环西—彭阳南段地区长8段沉积以辫状河三角洲平原为主,其储层品质明显受沉积微相控制。基于岩芯观察、薄片观察、压汞及常规测井等资料分析,将研究区长8段划分为5个小层,并对其辫状河三角洲平原沉积储层特征进行了精细研究。结果表明,研究区主要发育分流河道、越岸、分流间湾三种微相,其中分流河道构成了主要的砂体骨架,呈南西—北东向分布。分流河道砂体物性最好,越岸沉积物性次之,分流间湾物性最差。与之相对应,研究区储层可划分为I、II、III、IV四种类型,其中储层质量最好的I型主要位于河道中部,质量最差的IV型对应分流间湾。试油资料也进一步证实沉积微相控制研究区储层质量的差异,基于沉积微相的平面展布可实现储层平面分布规律预测。研究成果可为后续沉积储层精细评价乃至油气勘探开发综合研究奠定基础。     

基于镜像法的隧道地表沉降时间效应计算方法

随着国内各城市地下道路建设的不断发展,地下开挖引起周围结构损坏甚至塌陷的事故时有发生,因此,合理地预测地表沉降对于保护地面建（构）筑物具有重要意义。将地表沉降速度系数与三维镜像法相结合,建立了考虑时间效应的隧道地表沉降计算方法,并以深圳某地铁区间隧道为例,通过与现场监测数据进行对比分析,验证了该方法的合理性,并利用该方法进一步分析了隧道停止施工时地表横、纵向沉降随时间的变化规律,通过参数分析明确了地表沉降量与地表沉降速度的时间效应。研究结果表明：地表沉降量与地表纵向沉降最大斜率随停工时间的增加逐渐增大并最终趋于稳定;地表最大沉降速度随开挖速度与沉降速度系数的增大呈对数型函数增长,但地表最终沉降量受二者的影响较小;地表最终沉降量和地表最大沉降速度随地层损失量的增大而线性增大;地表最大沉降速度出现的时间与地层损失的大小无关。     

高陡岩质边坡生态修复试验

高陡岩质边坡立地条件差,水热容量小,不具备植物生长所必需的土壤环境,其生态修复是目前山体生态恢复的一大难题。针对江苏连云港云山风景区马涧通道生态修复的需要,选取3种不同黏合剂进行喷播修复,开展生态修复基质试验研究,分析采用不同黏合剂的生态修复基质的施工及效果等情况,为后续马涧通道边坡生态修复工程的整体实施提供借鉴。