光生态膜对水稻秧苗生态的影响

采用浮染法将荧光助剂、红外辐射剂、着色剂分散进低密度聚乙烯 (LDPE)树脂中 ,通过挤出吹塑制成厚 0 .1 2 mm,宽 1 2 m的无滴、长寿棚膜。光生态膜将 550 nm的绿光变换为红光提高了红光成分 ,有效的调整了辐射进入棚内的太阳光谱 ,补充了红光的辐射强度 ,改善了农作物的光生态环境 ,促进了作物的光合作用。用这种光生态膜苫盖温室进行水稻育秧 ,在哈尔滨市 1 2个县进行大面积试验示范 ,提高了作物的产量 ,使水稻产量提高了 8.6%。     

麻痹性贝毒毒素的应用研究进展

由于有害赤潮的发生日趋频繁，对养殖业、自然生态系统和人类健康的危害越来越大，造成的经济损失也逐渐增加，因而有害赤潮问题成为人们关注的焦点。藻毒素是有害赤潮致害的重要因子之一，而麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning，PSP)毒素又是藻毒素中分布最广、危害最大的一类毒素。随着科学家们对PSP毒素的来源(Steidinger，1993)、结构和作用方式(Penzotti et al.,1998)的深入研究，PSP毒素在赤潮研究、分子生物学和神经生物学基础研究、医药、军事防化等的应用也逐渐受到重视。本文作者针对这些问题进行了综合评述，以期为深入开展PSP毒素应用研究提供参考依据。     

人工越冬对虾体内寄生纤毛虫病的研究

本文报道了中国对虾越冬亲虾体内寄生纤毛虫病的发病机制、病理组织及防治方法。试验结果表明：虾体表损伤是致病的主要原因。纤毛虫通过伤口进入虾体内，寄生于心脏血淋巴，吞噬血细胞，破坏组织尤其是鳃组织。致使组织机构损伤，缺血、变性，对虾呼吸困难，贫血、窒息而死，防止对虾体表受伤是预防该病的唯一途径。一些外用消毒剂如福尔马林、孔雀绿等对该病有预防作用。     

渤海海冰对直桩柱的作用力

于1990年1月在锦州湾采样,主要测试了在不同的冰温和不同的应变速率下渤海海冰的挤压强度,并且研究了海冰挤压强度与冰温及应变速率的关系。对半径R=2,3,4,5cm圆柱压头的海冰挤压强度R_(CM)进行了试验,由此求得了海冰的局部挤压系数和接触系数。分析了冰块宽度B与桩柱宽度b之比与挤压系数的关系。在—10℃冰温下,对半圆形,压头端部尖角20等于180°,120°,90°,60°五种压头进行了试验,从而求得桩柱的形状系数,建立起大冰原对桩柱挤压作用的最大冰压力公式。     

有无1墨水点亚对数空间限定交替式下推自动机之间的关系

该文引入 1墨水点 2方向交替式下推自动机 ,它是 1个具有额外能力的 2方向交替式下推自动机 ,能够用 1个墨水点在输入带上标记出最多 1个单元格。对具有 1个墨水点的和没有墨水点的亚对数空间限定交替式下推自动机之间的关系进行研究。实例证明了具有 1个墨水点的亚对数空间限定交替式下推自动机的语言受理能力强于没有墨水点的亚对数空间限定交替式下推自动机     

Variation analysis of precipitation during past 286 years in Beijing area,China, using non‐parametric test and wavelet analysis

Non‐parametric methods including Mann–Kendall (M–K) test, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and discrete wavelet transform analysis are applied in this paper to detect the trend and periodic trait of precipitation data series in Beijing area where the data set spans nearly 300 years from 1724 to 2009. First, the trend of precipitation variables is elaborated by the M–K test (Sequential M–K test). The results show that there is an increasing trend (the value of this trend is 1.98) at the 5%‐significance level and there are not turning points in the whole data series. Then, CWT and wavelet variance are used to check for significant periodic characteristics of data series. In the plots of wavelet transform coefficients and figure of wavelet variance, some periodic events affect the trend of the annual total precipitation series in Beijing area. 85‐year, 35‐year and 21‐year periodic events are found to be the main periodic series of long‐term precipitation data, and they are all statistically significant. Moreover, the results of non‐parametric M–K test are exhibited on seven different combinations of discrete wavelet components. D5 (32‐year periodicity) periodic component is the effective and significant component on data. It is coincident with the result (35‐year periodic event as one part of main periodicity) by using CWT analysis. Moreover, approximation mode shows potential trend of the whole data set because it is the residuals as all periodicities are removed from data series. Thus, the mode A + D5 is responsible for producing a real basic structure of the trend founded on the data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scenarios of land cover in China

A method for surface modeling of land cover change (SMLC) is developed on the basis of establishing transition probability matrixes between land cover types and HLZ types. SMLC is used to simulate land cover scenarios of China for the years 2039, 2069 and 2099, for which HLZ scenarios are first simulated in terms of HadCM3 climatic scenarios that are downscaled in zonal model of spatial climate change in China. This paper also analyzes spatial distribution of land cover types, area change and mean center shift of each land cover type, ecotope diversity, and patch connectivity under the land cover scenarios. The results show that cultivated land would decrease and woodland would expand greatly with climatic change, which coincides with consequences expected by implementation of Grain-for-Green policy. Nival area would shrink, and desertification area would expand at a comparatively slow rate in future 100 years. Climate change would generally cause less ecotope diversity and more patch connectivity. Ecosystems in China would have a pattern of beneficial cycle after efficient ecological conservation and restoration. However, if human activities would exceed regulation capacity of ecosystems themselves, the ecosystems in China might deteriorate more seriously.