建筑三维产权体空间关系剖析

城市土地的立体化开发利用促使土地管理模式由平面管理走向更精细的空间管理,当前的建造技术支持了各种形体的建筑建设,为三维产权空间管理提供了现实案例.三维地籍的核心是对产权体的描述与管理,本文从现实的多个三维建筑形体出发,从建筑物的三维产权体与地表形态的关系、与地表的方位关系以及与地表宗地的对应关系3个角度讨论建筑产权体的...     

Optimal lake-marsh pattern determination in lake-marsh systems based on the eco-hydrological processes management

The major hydrological factors in lake-marsh systems are water level (depth), water surface area, and water volume. The key index for determining the lake-marsh pattern is water level, which leads to the variation of lake-marsh patterns under natural hydrological alternations. In addition, the vegetation structure also affects the lake-marsh pattern. With socioeconomic development and climate change, the ‘land use’ and ‘water use’ competitions appear more seriously between a lake-marsh system and its surrounding socioeconomic system, also inside the lake-marsh system. The possible optimal lake-marsh pattern could solve the contradictions mentioned above. As few studies focus on this issue, this study proposed an optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method with eco-hydrological management on relieving the land use and water use competitions. The optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method considers the protection objects (water depth demands), water supply (precipitation, surface water, and groundwater), and water demand (especially evapotranspiration) in the system at annual and monthly scales. Calculation and analysis were performed for the optimal pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands as an example. The results mainly showed that the lake-marsh pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands cannot be achieved on meeting both the maximum ecological services values and minimum water shortage amount under present natural condition. With artificial regulation measures, the possible optimal annual lake-marsh patterns can be obtained based on both ecological and hydrological objectives, with the area ratio of lake and marsh in the range of 0.650:0.350 and 0.726:0.274, the corresponding water level of lake body was of 86.85 to 87.0 m. This study could provide references for the Wolonghu Wetlands management, also for similar lake-marsh systems and other ecological systems.     

Low altitude observations of the energetic electrons in the outer radiation belt during isolated substorms

The low energy (1–20 keV) detector registering particles onboard the polar-orbiting low altitude (~ 850 km) DMSP-F2 and -F3 satellites also records high energy electrons penetrating the detector walls. Thus we can study the dynamics of this electron population at L = 3.5, during isolated periods of magnetospheric substorms identified by the indices of auroral electrojet (AE), geomagnetic (K_p) and ring current (D_st). Temporal changes in the electron flux during the substorms are observed to be an additional contribution riding over the top of the pre-storm (or geomagnetically quiet-time) electron population ; the duration of the interval of intensity variation is observed to be about the same as that of the enhancement of the AE index. This indicates the temporal response of the outer radiation belt to the substorm activity, since the observation was made in the “horns” of the outer radiation belt. The observed enhanced radiation at low altitude may associate with the instantaneous increase and/or dumping of the outer radiation belt energetic electrons during each isolated substorm activity.     

P-T大气稳定度日夜分界限取值的研究

本文用两种不同日夜分界限统计了成都、重庆的P-T大气稳定度频率。结果表明,两种分界统计大气稳定度频率,不稳定类完全相同;以h=0分界比以h=k_1分界中性频率增加,稳定频率减少,两者频率差值大小与地理位置、气候和天气特征有关;这与理论分析完全符合。通过对比指出,h=0分界的应用有局限性。同时,通过计算表明,实际工作中,太阳赤纬σ每十日取一概略值已足够精确了。     

干振碎石桩复合地基处理及其效果

干振碎石桩是处理松软地基土的一种行之有效的方法，它是挤密桩的一种。新乡市地方铁路处仓库场地经干振碎石桩地基处理后，桩间土密实度有明显的提高，液化指数大幅度降低，复合地基承载力相应提高，满足了设计要求。     

2017年贵州中西部冰雹流型识别和物理量特征检验

摘 要:本文对2017年贵州中西部发生的7次冰雹天气过程进行了环流划分和特征物理量分析,并与万雪丽等的环流划分方法和物理量指标做了比较,结果表明环流分型方法基本适用于贵州中西部的冰雹天气,大气层结背景如0℃层、-20℃层高度,层结温差,CAPE等与标准有一致的地方,也有不一致的地方,说明原有的物理量阈值有可改进的地方。采用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对冰雹发生最近时刻的环境潜势物理量特征的分析发现,各型对流性天气物理量特征有着共同的特征,且物理量的强度、配置等对于产生对流性天气的强度、种类有一定的指示作用。     

The effects of climate change on heating energy consumption of office buildings in different climate zones in China

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Climate plays an important role in heating energy consumption owing to the direct relationship between space heating and changes in meteorological conditions....     

丝绸之路核心区达到1.5度和2度温升的时间和相应的气候变化（英文）

研究目的:本文采用CMIP5多模式的集合平均,针对多种排放情景,估算了丝绸之路核心区达到1.5度和2度温升的时间,比较了全球平均温度达到1.5度和2度温升阈值时丝绸之路核心区的平均气候和极端气候指标的变化。创新要点:中国西部和中亚位于古丝绸之路核心区,是连接东西方的桥梁。1.5度和2度温控目标的设定,是国际社会应对全球变暖的重要举措。理解在上述增暖阈值下丝绸之路核心区平均气候和极端气候的可能变化,将为一带一路战略的实施提供重要科学参考。研究方法:CMIP5多模式集合平均重要结论:相较于当前气候态(1986–2005年),在四种排放情景下,即RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5,CMIP5多模式集合预估的丝绸之路核心区到21世纪末将分别增温1.5、2.9、2.6和6.0°C。在四种排放情景下,年平均降水较之当前气候态均显著增加,其中在RCP8.5情景下增加约14%。四种排放情景下的预估结果,均显示丝绸之路核心区将在2020年前温升达到1.5°C。在RCP8.5情景下,该地区将在2020年代温升达到2.0°C,而在RCP4.5情景下,温升达到2.0°C的时间则推迟到2030年代。比较全球温升1.5和2.0°C的气候变化,发现全球额外升温0.5°C(较之1.5°C温升阈值)将导致丝绸之路核心区升温0.73°C(0.49–0.94°C),高于全球平均温度的变化,极端热浪的天数将增加4.2天,年平均降水增加2.72%(0.47%–3.82%),而连续干旱日数的变化则具有区域依赖性。     

1980-2020年山西省极端降水的研究

基于1980-2020年山西省109个气象观测站点的逐日降水资料,选取10个极端降水指数,采用气候倾向率、相关分析、因子分析、R/S预测方法等方法,对山西省极端降水进行了时空分布的研究,以期为山西省的气候变化、生态环境保护、防灾减灾、气象服务工作提供参考依据,结果表明：(1)从时间尺度来看,1980-2020年期间,山西省极端降水的强度和极值都有明显增加,连续干旱日数和连续湿日日数呈下降趋势,其余均表现出不同程度的增加,其中年总降水量增加幅度最明显;从空间尺度来看,年总降水量、降水强度、降水频率、极值均为从西北向东南逐渐增多,空间差异较明显;从各站点的空间分布来看,北部和中部地区的极端事件增加最显著,北部地区的干旱日数仍以增加趋势为主,连续湿日日数气候倾向率的空间差异较大,中部地区站点显著增加,南北部以减少趋势为主;(2)基于相关分析方法表明各极端降水指数(除干旱日数外)与年总降水量都有很好的相关关系,强降水量和极强降水量对年总降水量的贡献值呈现出增加趋势;采用因子分析方法提取了3个公共因子,方差贡献率累计达到了87％,可以看出极端降水强度和降水量指数在对极端降水方面影响较大;利用R/S分析法可以得到年总降水量、中雨日数、大雨日数、最大5日降水量这几个指数未来呈现弱减少趋势,而干旱日数仍为减少趋势,连续湿日日数为持续弱增加趋势。总体看来,山西省极端降水近年来呈现出增加趋势,在空间分布有明显差异。     

Detection of ocean internal waves based on Faster R-CNN in SAR images

Ocean internal waves appear as irregular bright and dark stripes on synthetic aperture radar(SAR) remote sensing images. Ocean internal waves detection in SAR images consequently constituted a difficult and popular research topic. In this paper, ocean internal waves are detected in SAR images by employing the faster regions with convolutional neural network features(Faster R-CNN) framework; for this purpose, 888 internal wave samples are utilized to train the convolutional network and identify internal waves. The experimental results demonstrate a 94.78% recognition rate for internal waves, and the average detection speed is 0.22 s/image. In addition, the detection results of internal wave samples under dif ferent conditions are analyzed. This paper lays a foundation for detecting ocean internal waves using convolutional neural networks.