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31.
This paper describes a multi‐proxy palaeoecological investigation undertaken in conjunction with an archaeological survey of the Upper Sangro Valley in the Abruzzo National Park, Central Italy. Despite being a biodiversity hotspot and regarded as a near‐pristine area, the pollen, spore and diatom data all show major changes in the vegetation extending to over 2000 m a.s.l. during the mid to late Holocene. Although there are changes in ecological composition earlier in the Holocene they are different in type and magnitude from the changes which began about 800 cal a BC. The pollen and diatom evidence do not correlate well with regional palaeoclimate data, or on‐site isotopic evidence, but do appear to be related to Samnite (later Iron Age) clearance and upland grazing associated with transhumance and later annexation (and centuriation) of the lower slopes by Roman surveyors. The greatest change in vegetation was during the period c. AD 500–600 and corresponds with the Byzantine–Gothic Wars, and Lombard–Carolingian settlement reorganization into nucleated hilltop settlements which managed upland grazing. This pattern of intensive land use at all altitudes persisted until the early 20th century and only changed following rural depopulation after World War II. These data illustrate how cultural factors had a profound effect on this mountainous region which, in this case, far outweighed the effects of climatic fluctuations which are known to have occurred from both this study area and the region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
32.
K. W. Keatings I. Hawkes J. A. Holmes R. J. Flower M. J. Leng R. H. Abu-Zied A. R. Lord 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(2):261-283
The utility of ostracod-based palaeoenvironmental reconstruction was evaluated using instrumental data for Lake Qarun, Egypt.
The euryhaline ostracod Cyprideis torosa was the only species found in the lake’s recent sediment record. This species is known to tolerate salinity levels and water
solute compositions that may prevent colonisation by other species. Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of ostracod carbonate
from lake sediments covary with changes in instrumental values for lake level and salinity for the period 1890–1974. δ13C-values correlate negatively with lake water salinity (r
2 = 0.87) and δ18O-values correlate negatively with measured lake level changes (r
2 = 0.41). Other ostracod proxy data provide qualitative information on lake level trends. Fossil assemblage data (juvenile/adult
and valve/carapace ratios and valve preservation) provide information on wave energy. Ecophenotypic variation of C. torosa valves provided some useful palaeolimnological information. Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in ostracods were not found to reflect
water composition, due to the uncoupling of these ratios with salinity in Lake Qarun. Overall, our results highlight the need
to calibrate ostracod proxy data in modern systems prior to their use for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. 相似文献
33.
Prior to oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic silica by fluorination techniques, sediments must be cleaned of all organic compounds.
Despite the expanding volume of research utilising oxygen isotope ratios in biogenic silica in palaeoclimatology, very little
is known about the effects of different standard preparation methods for the removal of organic matter on the isotope values.
Here we compare a number of methods for the removal of organic matter in order to assess their effectiveness and influence
on subsequent isotope measurements. Not all the methods described here effectively removed organic matter, the best treatments
were H2O2 and ignition in air at 550°C. Ignition in air at 950°C, and heating in vacuum at 250 and 450°C results in marked alteration
of isotope values, whereas use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric acid (HNO3) and plasma ashing have little or no effect, within the bounds of analytical error. Ignition in air at 550°C was the most
effective technique, and induced no alteration of δ18Osilica, but practical constraints may limit the application of this method routinely. Our findings indicate that considerable caution
is required when preparing sediment for isotope analysis of biogenic silica. 相似文献
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35.
Anisotropy of the apparent resistivity variation rate near the epicentral region for strong earthquakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IntroductionThe geo-electrical anisotropy before earthquake is of special significance for the prediction of earthquake location and for the research on crustal stress status near the epicentral region. The anisotropy has been studied from various aspects (CHEN, et al, 1983; QIAN, et al, 1985, 1996; LU, et al, 1990a; MAO, et al, 1995; RUAN, et al, 1999). But the anisotropic phenomena presented by geo-electrical data are not practically satisfactory and not clear as compared with the res… 相似文献
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通过野外地震地质调查,在甘肃省古浪县、景泰县交界处的长岭山地区新发现了丰富的线状分布的地震地表破裂现象,表现为基岩崩塌、黄土滑坡、地震裂缝、地震土林、地震沟槽、陷落坑以及断层陡坎等,局部可见残留的破裂滑动自由面。其分布严格受长岭山北麓活动断裂控制。通过地震地表破裂带本身的特征分析、年代学分析、地表破裂带长度与震级的拟合关系以及结合区域活动断裂资料研究,认为该地震地表破裂带可能为1927年古浪8.0级地震的产物。 相似文献
38.
Elizabeth A. V. Mackie Jeremy M. Lloyd Melanie J. Leng Michael J. Bentley Carol Arrowsmith 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(6):579-591
Carbon isotopes (δ13C) and C/N ratios from bulk organic matter have recently been used as alternative proxies for relative sea‐level (RSL) reconstruction where there are problems associated with conventional biological indictors. A previous study on a single isolation basin (Upper Loch nan Eala) in northwest Scotland has shown a clear relationship between δ13C, C/N ratios and palaeosalinity from Younger Dryas and Holocene aged sediments. In this paper we present results of δ13C and C/N ratio analyses from other isolation basins in northwest Scotland over the Holocene and the Lateglacial period in order to validate this technique. The results from the Holocene sequences support the earlier findings that this technique can be used to identify RSL change from isolation basins over the Holocene in this region. The relationship between δ13C, C/N ratios and RSL change is not apparent in sediments of Lateglacial age. Other environmental variables such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, poor vegetation development and temperature influence δ13C values during this period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
通风块石层非达西效应的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
块石通风路基是青藏铁路建设中保护多年冻土的主要措施,准确地描述空气在块石中的流动是块碎石路基冷却效应数值分析的首要问题.通过风洞试验研究了块石层内部渗流速度和压力梯度的关系,试验中块石的平均粒径为12.5cm,孔隙率为0.487,风速和压力差数据是在不同的风机转速下测得.结果表明:块石层内空气渗流速度随压力梯度增大而增大,压力梯度与渗流速度之间存在非线性关系.基于Forchheimer方程,利用试验数据获得了块石层的渗透率和惯性阻力系数.这些结果可为各种块石结构路基降温效果的数值分析提供理论基础. 相似文献
40.