Research on Estimating Water Storage of Small Lake Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3D Model

Water Resources - Lake Water storage can be estimated based on Lake Boundary and lakebed terrain. The boundary of a lake can be extracted from the remote sensing satellite image or the Unmanned...     

Influence of thawed soil depth on rainfall erosion of frozen bare meadow soil in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has a vast area of approximately 70×10⁴ km² of alpine meadow under the impacts of soil freezing and thawing, thereby inducing intensive water erosion. Quantifying the rainfall erosion process of partially thawed soil provides the basis for model simulation of soil erosion on cold-region hillslopes. In this study, we conducted a laboratory experiment on rainfall-induced erosion of partially thawed soil slope under four slope gradients (5, 10, 15, and 20°), three rainfall intensities (30, 60, and 90 mm h⁻¹), and three thawed soil depths (1, 2, and 10 cm). The results indicated that shallow thawed soil depth aggravated soil erosion of partially thawed soil slopes under low hydrodynamic conditions (rainfall intensity of 30 mm h⁻¹ and slope gradient ≤ 15°), whereas it inhibited erosion under high hydrodynamic conditions (rainfall intensity ≥ 60 mm h⁻¹ or slope gradient > 15°). Soil erosion was controlled by the thawed soil depth and runoff hydrodynamic conditions. When the sediment supply was sufficient, the shallow thawed soil depth had a higher erosion potential and a larger sediment concentration. On the contrary, when the sediment supply was insufficient, the shallow thawed soil depth resulted in lower sediment erosion and a smaller sediment concentration. The hydrodynamic runoff conditions determined whether the sediment supply was sufficient. We propose a model to predict sediment delivery under different slope gradients, rainfall intensities, and thawed soil depths. The model, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.95, accurately predicted the sediment delivery under different conditions, which was helpful for quantification of the complex feedback of sediment delivery to the factors influencing rainfall erosion of partially thawed soil. This study provides valuable insights into the rainfall erosion mechanism of partially thawed soil slopes in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and provides a basis for further studies on soil erosion under different hydrodynamic conditions.     

基于IDA的套箍加固拱上立柱抗震性能评估

以德阳金花大桥为工程实例,结合拱上立柱的实际震害,利用地震作用下的非线性计算模型,建立基于IDA的钢筋混凝土套箍加固拱上立柱抗震性能评估分析方法。通过分析表明,剪跨比对拱上立柱的抗震性能影响显著,高剪跨比立柱抗震性能相对较差,在地震作用下拱上立柱为易损构件;套箍加固拱上立柱的抗震性能提高明显,易损性显著降低,延性亦有一定程度改善。分析结果与震害调查具有一致性,可为拱上立柱抗震评估提供参考。     

台阵地震计程控化正弦标定系统设计

为满足台阵地震计标定要求,通过对程控化标定测控仪和标定测控软件的研究,采用一种适用于台阵地震计的程控化正弦标定方法,对中国地震局地球物理勘探中心负责管理的台阵地震计进行标定。台阵地震计标定实验结果显示,采用程控化正弦标定方法,在缩短标定时长、提高标定效率方面具有显著效果。     

连云港地震台BBVS-120、CTS-1E型地震计系统性能对比

通过对连云港地震台BBVS-120、CTS-1E型地震计台基噪声功率谱分析,正弦标定和脉冲标定计算分析,近震和远震震级对比分析,研究在实际工作中2种地震计性能差异,对比观测数据质量,检验稳定性,以期为地震监测及相关研究工作提供依据。     

基于机器学习的地震动特征提取与模拟以2021年云南漾濞6.4级地震为例

随着地震动数据数量的增长和质量的提高,将基于数据驱动的机器学习方法应用到地震动模拟中有重要意义。以2021年5月21日云南漾濞M_S6.4地震为例,利用主成分析方法从前震及余震地震动记录中提取特征母波时程,将地震动三要素作为模拟误差约束,在求解母波的线性组合系数时使用多目标优化算法寻优,最终找到帕累托最优解作为模拟目标台站记录时的组合系数,得到模拟地震动时程。结果表明:主成分析法在对实际地震动记录进行特征提取后,得到的特征母波时程可以在一定程度上保留原始数据的主要信息;考虑幅值、频谱和持时这三要素的角度去控制模拟误差,可以使得模拟的地震动时程更加接近真实记录。提出的基于特征提取的地震动模拟方法可以为基于小震数据合成大震地震动提供参考。     

Statistics of long-crested extreme waves in single and mixed sea states

Ocean Dynamics - Most of the studies on extreme waves are focused on the systems with single-peak wave spectra. However, according to the statistics of occurrence, the bimodal spectral system is...     

The Responses of the Deformable Earth to Different Driving Forces

The spatial and temporal variations of the Earth deformation and the gravitational field are important both in the theoretical research and in the construction of geospatial database. The Earth deforms due to various mechanisms and the deformation further induces changes in the gravitational potential of the Earth, i.e. the deformation-induced additional potential or the Euler gravitational increment. Based on the theory of vector spherical harmonics, we discuss in this paper the Earth deformation and gravitational increment resulting from the tidal force, loading force and the stress of the Earth's surface. We write out the expression for the Euler gravitational potential increment and the relations between different Love numbers. These are all important points in the research on Earth deformation.     

Calculation of the Intensity Ratio and Intrinsic Redshift Ratio of the Cerenkov Iron Kα and Kβ Lines and Its Possible Application in the Study of AGNs

We have pointed out that, when thermal relativistic electrons with an isotropic velocity distribution move through a region of dense gas or impinge upon its surface, the Cerenkov effect will produce a particular kind of atomic or ionic emission line, which we have called the “Cerenkov line-like radiation”. This prediction for the optical wavebands has been verified by laboratory experiments. In this paper, we extend this line-like radiation theory to the X-ray waveband and give the basic formulae for calculating the intensity ratio and intrinsic redshift ratio of the Cerenkov iron K_α and K_β lines, for different ionization orders of iron. Potential application of this calculated result may be found in the study of AGNs. The recent observations of NGC3783 show that besides the iron K_α line at ∼6.4 keV, there is also a very strong iron Kβ line at ∼7.0 keV, and that the ratio of equivalent widths between the two is anomalous: EWK_α/EWK_β ≈ 3.43. It is difficult to explain this by the conventional mechanism of “photoelectric absorption-fluorescence emission”. We suggest that the mechanism of Cerenkov line-like radiation can provides a way of solving this puzzle. Besides, we expect that the calculated intrinsic redshift ratio of Cerenkov iron K_α and K_β lines could be tested in future observations. If our suggestion is further supported by observations, then our view on the physical environment around the central massive black hole of an AGN will be greatly modified: the activity becomes more energetic and violent, and the gas, much denser than previously thought.     

The Effect of AGN and SNe Feedback on Star Formation, Reionization and the Near Infrared Background

Feedback from supernovae (SNe) and from active galactic nuclei (AGN) accom-panies the history of star formation and galaxy evolution. We present an analytic model to explain how and when the SNe and AGN exert their feedback effects on the star formation and galaxy evolution processes. By using SNe and AGN kinetic feedback mechanisms based on the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model, we explore how these feedback mecha-nisms affect the star formation history (SFH), the Near-Infrared Background (NIRB) flux and the cosmological reionization. We find the values of the feedback strengths, ∈AGN =1.0+0.50.3and ∈SN=0.04+0.02-0.02, can provide a reasonable explanation of most of the observational re-suits, and that the AGN feedback effect on star formation history is quite different from the SNe feedback at high redshifts. Our conclusions manifest quantitatively that these feedback effects decrease star formation rate density (SFRD) and the NIRB flux (in 1.4 - 4.0μm), and postpone the time of completion of the cosmological reionization.