GPS精密星历的轨道内插方法比较

在高精度的GPS测量数据处理过程中,获取高精度卫星轨道是重要的环节,内插是获取任意历元的精密轨道信息的重要手段,对拉格朗日插值法、牛顿插值法、Neville逐次线性内插法和切比雪夫插值法的效果做了细致的比较,并在此基础上进一步探讨了短时间外推的效果。     

3S技术支持下的小型遗址提取方法

针对仅利用地物光谱分析方法不能识别某些小型遗址的现状,提出基于地物空间关系知识,多源信息复合提取遗址的思路获取目标信息。以安徽省巢湖柘皋地区为例,利用SPOT-5卫星影像和地形图数据,综合运用3S技术进行小型遗址信息提取研究。经过和巢湖文管部门普查记录对比,证明了该方法有效性。该方法可缩小遗址探查范围,为考古普查工作节约大量时间、人力和物力。     

基于GIS技术的耕地坡度分级方法

分析传统耕地坡度分级方法的缺陷,提出利用GIS技术的耕地坡度分级新方法。以枝江市董市镇为例实证,研究制定定量融合指标和工作流程,不仅有效地控制了耕地图斑的数量,而且确保利用耕地坡度分级数据统计汇总的各耕地坡度级面积数据与真实值基本一致,提高了汇总面积数据的精度。     

浅谈基于MapX的地图制图

MapInfo MapX是一个用来做地图化工作的OCX控件,它提供了一个最简单和最节约成本的方法,用来将地图化功能嵌入到新的和现有的应用中.MapX支持Windows环境下绝大多数标准的可视化开发环境,可以被快速集成到使用Visual Basic,Power-Builder,Delphi,Visual C++或其他面向对象的语言的客户端应用程序以及Lotus Script的Lotus Notes(v4.5)中.本论文介绍了利用快速开发工具MapX并结合Visual Basic应用程序来实现基于MapX的地图制图和空间分析,利用计算机对信息的快速处理,为使用者提供了一些必要的、有价值的参考,通过本软件可以使开发人员在他们熟悉的环境中更好地通过应用程序来访问地图数据. ws环境下绝大多数标准的可视化开发环境,可以被快速集成到使用Visual Basic,Power-Builder,Delphi,Visual C++或其他面向对象的语言的客户端应用程序以及Lotus Script的lotus Notes(v4.5)中.本论文介绍了利用快速开发工具MapX并结合Visual Basic应用程序来实现基于MapX的地图 图和空间分析,利用计算机对信息的快速处理,为使用者提供了一些必     

非平行结构建筑化简方法的探讨

平行结构建筑是3维城市中建筑的主体,随着建筑风格的多元化,非平行结构建筑所占的比重越来越大,因此必须对其多尺度表达的方法进行研究.此处根据复杂程度的不同将建筑分为简单建筑和特殊建筑两类.在简单建筑的化筒中,首先讨论了倾斜房顶的几何表示方法,在此基础上建立了房顶的关系信息,采用成组处理与斜面的扯直拉平算法相结合的方式实现了简单建筑的化简.在分析复杂建筑倾斜面结构特点的基础上设计了适于复杂建筑的化简方法,并针对两类典型建筑进行了实验.     

国外OTA与传统旅游企业竞合关系研究综述

作为重要的在线营销渠道,OTA一直是传统旅游企业的重要合作伙伴之一。无论是OTA抢夺资源还是传统旅游企业对抗升级,双方之间的竞争趋势愈加明显。由此,相关方面的研究逐步增多。国外研究从OTA与饭店、航空公司等传统旅游企业合作、竞争和竞合平衡三个方面入手,主要围绕OTA与饭店的竞合问题展开。重视实证分析,采用数理统计和模型构建等定量研究方法,针对航空公司和饭店企业,从市场细分、定价、客房分配等角度提出实现双方竞合平衡的方案。建议今后加强对OTA和传统旅游企业合作模式变化的跟踪分析,关注OTA与景区、餐馆等旅游供应商的博弈关系。     

The difference in pollen harvest between Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in a Tibetan alpine meadow

To explore the difference in pollen harvest between the western honey bee Apis mellifera and a native eastern honey bee A. cerana in the Zoige alpine meadows in the northeastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, we investigated species diversity of the harvested pollen and the amount of harvested pollen per bee for both species, and calculated the niche overlap(in terms of similarity in harvested pollen) between the two bee species during the flowering season from June to August 2016. Results showed that the species diversity of the harvested pollen was indistinguishable between the two bee species. Nevertheless, A. mellifera carried more(although not significant) pollens per bee than A.cerana. Moreover, pollen composition differed between the two bee species: A. mellifera mainly foraged on Anemone rivularis, Saussurea nigrescens and Anemone trullifolia, while A. cerana foraged on Anemone rivularis, Stellera chamaejasme, and Pedicularis longiflora. Consistently, the niche overlap between the two honeybee species was particularly small in several observations. Our results indicate a niche separation in pollen resource between the two honeybee species in a Tibetan alpine meadow.     

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using hybrid integration approaches of fractal dimension with index of entropy and support vector machine

The loess area in the northern part of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, China is a region with frequently landslide occurrences. The main aim of this study is to quantitatively predict the extent of landslides using the index of entropy model(IOE), the support vector machine model(SVM) and two hybrid models namely the F-IOE model and the F-SVM model constructed by fractal dimension. First, a total of 179 landslides were identified and landslide inventory map was produced, with 70%(125) of the landslides which was optimized by 10-fold crossvalidation being used for training purpose and the remaining 30%(54) of landslides being used for validation purpose. Subsequently, slope angle, slope aspect, altitude, rainfall, plan curvature, distance to rivers, land use, distance to roads, distance to faults, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), lithology, and profile curvature were considered as landslide conditioning factors and all factor layers were resampled to a uniform resolution. Then the information gain ratio of each conditioning factors was evaluated. Next, the fractal dimension for each conditioning factors was calculated and the training dataset was used to build four landslide susceptibility models. In the end, the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and three statistical indexes involving positive predictive rate(PPR), negative predictive rate(NPR) and accuracy(ACC) were applied to validate and compare the performance of these four models. The results showed that the F-SVM model had the highest PPR, NPR, ACC and AUC values for training and validation datasets, respectively, followed by the F-IOE model.Finally, it is concluded that the F-SVM model performed best in all models, the hybrid model built by fractal dimension has advantages than original model, and can provide reference for local landslide prevention and decision making.     

Effects of rainfall intensity and topography on rill development and rill characteristics on loessial hillslopes in China

Rill development is a major soil erosion process that causes severe soil degradation.This study examined the effects of representative rainfall intensities(50 and 75 mm h-1),slope gradients(10°and 150),and slope lengths(7.5 and 10.0 m)on rill development and rill characteristics on loessial hillslopes in China.Loessial soil was collected from the cropland of Ansai Town,Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province.The soil with 28.3%sand,58.1%silt,and13.6%clay was packed into a soil pan to conduct rainfall simulations in 2012.The results showed that the time of the knickpoint occurrence(5-16 min),the rill headcut extension(9-33 min),and the mean headward erosion rate(1.7-5.o cm min-1)were better representative indicators for reflecting the changes in the rill development than other indicators used in this study.For a quick evaluation of the rill erosion severity,the rill coverage ratio(1%-12%,generallyincreasing with an increase in the rainfall intensity)was better than the other indicators for treatments with different rainfall intensities,and the rill width-depth ratio(1.56-2.27,generally decreasing with an increase in the slope gradient)was better than the other indicators for treatments with different slope gradients.Furthermore,the rill inclination angle(8.2°-19.1°,significantly increasing with an increase in the slope length)and rill density(0.19-1.34 m·m-2,generally increasing with an increase in the slope length)were more suitable for evaluating the rill erosion severity on hillslopes with different slope lengths.Therefore,the representative indicators could reflect the differences in the rill development and rill characteristics under different rainfall and topographic situations.The study greatly improved the evaluation of rill erosion severity and the prediction of the development of rills for loessial hillslopes.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组物源区分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组物源特征对天然气勘探尤为重要。通过砂岩的碎屑组分、岩屑组分、重矿物组合以及石英阴极发光等研究,认为研究区羊虎沟组受到北部、西南部、南部物源控制,各个方位物源在研究区中部吴忠—马家滩地区汇合。通过砂岩轻、重矿物组合和碎屑组分的Dickinson三角图解,以及泥岩的稀土元素特征等分析,认为研究区羊虎沟组源岩以大陆上地壳岩石为主。研究区北部砂岩物源区为再旋回造山带物源区,泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式与阿拉善古陆浅变质岩相似,具有亲缘性;西南部及南部砂岩物源区为稳定陆块区和再旋回造山带物源区,泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式与祁连—北秦岭造山带中浅变质岩相似。综上所述,研究区北部母岩主要为阿拉善古陆的浅变质岩夹少许火山岩,西南部及南部母岩主要为祁连—北秦岭造山带的中浅变质岩,其次为碳酸盐岩和火山岩。