Amino acids in equatorial Pacific Ocean water

Seawater samples from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean were analyzed for amino acids by a ligand-exchange chromatography technique. The results showed that dissolved free amino acids make up only 0.3% of DOC, much less than has been previously reported for open ocean waters. Substantially larger amounts of combined amino acids are present, however. Concentration variations of the combined amino acid fraction in the water column suggest their potential use as a water mass indicator.     

Diurnal variations in planetary boundary-layer winds over land

Windsonde data gathered over a nine-year period at three stations in the Southeast U.S. are stratified by season and by time of observation to provide average profiles depicting the diurnal variations in low-level winds. Significant variations are found (especially during the summer months) in wind speed, angle between wind direction and isobars, and the various terms of the kinetic energy budget equation. A qualitative model of the diurnal variations in planetary boundary-layer winds (over land) is developed. From a thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Colorado State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Philosophy.     

雷达信号的相关分析和谱分析

运动质点的多普勒效应使它们散射的雷达信号呈现为一种随机过程,对这随机过程的统计特性进行分析就能够推断云和降水的微物理或运动学的状况。本文由这种观点讨论了雷达气象的几种测量原理,它能够比较清楚地阐明每种方法的实质,也便于对各种方法的优缺点进行对比。文中还讨论了脉冲波列的谱分析问题,涉及了如何根据雷达测量结果去推断云和降水的微物理或运动学状况的问题。     

Intrusion of Kuroshio water onto the continental shelf of the East China Sea

As a fundamental study to evaluate the contribution of the Kuroshio to primary production in the East China Sea (ECS), we investigated the seasonal pattern of the intrusion from the Kuroshio onto the continental shelf of the ECS and the behavior of the intruded Kuroshio water, using the RIAM Ocean Model (RIAMOM). The total intruded volume transport across the 200m isobath line was evaluated as 2.74 Sv in winter and 2.47 Sv in summer, while the intruded transport below 80m was estimated to be 1.32 Sv in winter and 1.64 Sv in summer. Passive tracer experiments revealed that the main intrusion from the Kuroshio to the shelf area of the ECS, shallower than 80m, takes place through the lower layer northeast of Taiwan in summer, with a volume transport of 0.19 Sv. Comparative studies show several components affecting the intrusion of the Kuroshio across the 200 m isobath line. The Kuroshio water intruded less onto the shelf compared with a case without consideration of tide-induced bottom friction, especially northeast of Taiwan. The variations of the transport from the Taiwan Strait and the east of Taiwan have considerable effects on the intrusion of the Kuroshio onto the shelf.     

Assessment of Dynamic Characteristics for Compaction Piles with Geophysical Logging in Soft Ground

In this paper, a case study was performed on a sand compaction pile (SCP) and a gravel compaction pile (GCP) to estimate the dynamic characteristics and the improvement effect of soft ground. The dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio were estimated and the dynamic characteristics were analyzed using the compression and shear wave velocity of the improved ground based on the results of suspension P- and S-wave (PS) logging. The results revealed that the dynamic properties were increased in the order of unimproved subsoil and improved subsoil using SCP and GCP. The increase in the effects of dynamic properties with each replacement ratio of SCP was not large, whereas a good increase in the effects was observed in the case of the improved subsoil with GCP. Consequently, it was presented that the resistance characteristics against the seismic loading of GCP are excellent. As a result of analyzing the density distribution of the improved subsoil through density field logging, the overall density distribution gradually exhibits increasing trends in the order of unimproved subsoil and improved subsoil with SCP and GCP. Thus, the improvement effect of GCP was relatively high in comparison with the same replacement ratio of SCP.     

Implications of mycosporine-like amino acid and antioxidant defenses in UV-B radiation tolerance for the algae species Ptercladiella capillacea and Gelidium amansii

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 W m^?2) induced higher H₂O₂ production and lipid peroxidation in alga Gelidium amansii inhabiting in lower subtidal regions than upper subtidal alga Ptercladiella capillacea. Compared to G. amansii, mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) concentration in P. capillacea was higher and can be increased by 0.5–1.0 W m^?2 UV-B, while carotenoid concentration was lower but also increased by 1.5–3.0 W m^?2 UV-B. UV-B increased ascorbate concentration, but to a higher degree in P. capillacea. UV-B decreased glutathione concentration, but to a higher degree in G. amansii. UV-B increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in P. capillacea but decreased them in G. amansii. UV-B increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, but to a higher degree in G. amansii. So, G. amansii suffered greater oxidative stress from UV-B radiation. P. capillacea can effectively reduce UV-B sensitivity by increasing sunscreen ability and antioxidant defense capacity.