Biological evidence of sea-level rise during the last 4500 years on the rocky coasts of continental southwestern France and Corsica

On the rocky coasts of the northwestern Mediterranean basin, biogenic littoral rims built by the coralline rhodophyte Lithophyllum lichenoides develop, whose remains may be preserved for millennia when submerged in a rising sea environment. These remains can be used as biological indicators of recent sea-level variations. Our survey of the continental coasts of Var and Bouches du Rhône, west of Marseilles (southern France) and of northern Corsica shows that relative sea level rose about 1.6 m in the study area during the last 4500 years without exceeding the present datum. The rate of sea-level rise was 0.4 mm per year between 4500 and 1500 yr B.P. and slowed down to 0.2 mm per year from 1500 yr B.P. to present time. There are also morphological indications of an acceleration of the rate of sea-level rise during the last century, supporting the evidence of tide gauges. Regions at the periphery of the above zone (Alpes Maritimes, Italian border zone, and the French and Spanish Catalonia regions) were also surveyed, but a weaker development of Lithophyllum rims and bad preservation of algal remains led to unconvincing dates which could also be linked to regional tectonic trends.     

关于长江冲淡水路径的若干问题

自从1980年6月中美关于长江口及其邻近陆架海区的沉积动力学联合考察开始以来，关于长江径流人海后路径的时空变化问题，引起了中外学者的广泛兴趣。 在这次中美联合考察之前，作者曾根据1980年以前的实测水文资料和余流资料，分析了洪水期本区的盐度分布和海流结构。本文目的是根据中美联合考察所得到的资料和历史资料，对长江冲淡水实测路径的性状作进一步的分析，并拟对影响长江冲淡水复杂多变路径的若干动力学问题作一初步分析。     

A numerical study of sea level and current responses to Hurricane Frederic using a coastal ocean model for the Gulf of Mexico

A three-dimensional, nonlinear, primitive equation ocean general circulation model is used to study the response of the Gulf of Mexico to Hurricane Frederic. The model has free surface dynamics and a second order turbulence closure scheme for the mixed layer. Realistic coastlines, bottom topography and open boundary conditions are used in the study. The model has a vertical sigma coordinate with 18 levels, and a horizontal resolution of 0.2°×0.2° for the entire Gulf. The study focuses on hurricane generated sea level, current, and coastally trapped wave (CTW) responses of the Gulf. Time series of sea levels from U.S. coastal tide gauge stations and the numerical model simulation of sea levels and currents on the shelf are used to study sea level, current and CTW responses. Both model sea levels and observations from tide gauge stations show a westward progression of the surge as a CTW response. The results of the study of sea levels and currents indicate that CTW propagate to the west with phase speeds of 7–10 m s^–1. There is also a strong nonlinear interaction between the Loop Current and hurricane induced currents. The surface current attains a maximum of 200 cm s^–1 in the eastern Gulf. The model surface elevation at several locations is compared with tide gauge data. The current meter data at three moorings are also compared with the model currents. The model simulations show good agreement with observed data for the hurricane induced coastally trapped wave, storm surge, and current distribution in the Gulf.     

长江口海域温、盐度分布的基本特征和上升流现象

长江口位于黄海和东海的分界处。1985年8月至1986年10月对长江口海区进行了水文调查，调查范围为124°E以西，30°45''N以北，32°N以南的黄海和东海区域(图1)。 本海区属中纬度季风区，水深一般不超过50m，气象因素对水文要素的影响很大。冬季盛行偏北风，西伯利亚的干冷气流频频南下，因海面冷却和蒸发造成的垂直对流可直达海底。夏季盛行偏南风，并常有台风侵扰。 长江径流量十分充沛，每年约有9240亿立方米的淡水人海，约占进入黄海、东海的径流量的80%。长江径流量的季节变化十分显著，5-10月径流量约占全年总径流量的71%。充足的淡水入海和海面的增温影响，使调查海区水体在夏季明显分层，并形成强大的淡水舌。特别令人感兴趣的是此淡水舌不是沿长江入海口门的方向指向东南，而是经常转向东北方向，并且转角的大小随着径流量的增大而增大。 长江口区的潮流比较大，潮混合对这里的水文要素的垂直和水平分布有重要影响。长江口是部分混合型即B型为主的河口(沈焕庭等，1986) ，发达的潮混合和充沛的径流输入，两者相互作用，使得河口区的盐度垂直分布有时呈垂直均匀状态，有时呈层化状态。 长江口海区南部有台湾暖流北上，其延续体可越过长江口到达32°N以北海区。长江口北面有苏北沿岸流和黄海沿岸流南下。北上的台湾暖流和南下的黄海沿岸流和苏北沿岸流同长江冲淡水相互交汇、混合，对长江口区的水文要素分布、变化有重要影响。 以下我们根据1985年8月至1986年8月调查所得资料和部分历史资料，对长江口海区水文要素的基本特征作一扼要的记述。     

区域地质调查路线剖面图加密重建与三维可视化

路线剖面图是区域地质调查平面图的重要补充,其三维重建可明确反映地质层面的地表展布与地下发育情况,是重建区域三维地质模型的必要数据。针对区域地质调查路线距离长、褶曲多、地质结构复杂的特点,本文建立了一种基于纵向定位线的剖面特征点三维坐标转换模型,提出了地质界线特征点加密算法,能够有效地提高重建路线三维剖面的准确度与光滑度。研发的剖面三维重建模块已应用于多幅实际区调数据工程项目,应用结果表明:该方法可满足区域地质调查建模需求,剖面重建效果良好,具有较好的实用价值和应用前景。     

Coastal-marine nature management in Pacific Russia and Northern Vietnam: Notions,structural features,and types

Coastal-marine nature management is treated as a spatiotemporal structure consisting of two interrelated components: the coastal territorial component occurring in the coastal territory, and the coastal aquatic component occurring within the coastal aquatic area as well as the sea shores connecting them. The study revealed the components of the main and concomitant uses of natural resources which have evolved directly across the land and sea areas of mining of separate kinds of natural resources and having technogenic impacts on them. From a combination of natural resources as well as of spatial scales of the main and concomitant uses of natural resources on the coastal territory and in coastal waters, we identified the main types of coastal-marine nature management in the southern areas of Pacific Russia and in Northern Vietnam: different kinds of nature management including the utilization of the territory for industrial-residential and transportation purposes as well as for cultivation of rice and vegetable crops, extraction of building materials, other mineral resources, forest use, extraction of marine salt from the sea water, coastal fisheries, various forms of mariculture, marine recreation, etc. A fragment of the cartographic assessment of the current types of coastal-marine nature management is presented for the southern coastal areas of Pacific Russia.     

Carbonyl sulfide emissions from biomass burning in the tropics

Carbonyl sulfide emissions from biomass burning have been studied during field experiments conducted both in an African savanna area (Ivory Coast) and rice fields, central highland pine forest and savanna areas in Viet-Nam. During these experiments CO₂, CO and C₂H₂ or CH₄ have also been also monitored. COS values range from 0.6 ppbv outside the fires to 73 ppbv in the plumes. Significant correlations have been observed between concentrations of COS and CO (R ²=0.92,n=25) and COS and C₂H₂ (R ²=0.79,n=26) indicating a COS production during the smoldering combustion. COS/CO₂ emission factors (COS/CO₂) during field experiments ranged from 1.2 to 61×10^–6 (11.4×10^–6 mean value). COS emission by biomass burning was estimated to be up to 0.05 Tg S/yr in tropics and up to 0.07 Tg S/yr on a global basis, contributing thus about 10% to the global COS flux. Based on the S/C ratio measured in the dry plant biomass and the COS/CO₂ emission factor, COS can account for only about 7% of the sulfur emitted in the atmosphere by biomass burning.     

High resolution fabry-perot and multi-pupil spectral observations of the genuine blue compact dwarf galaxy IZW18

We present the observations of the BCDG IZW18 performed with a Fabry-Perot interferometer at the CFH 3.6 m telescope and with a multi-pupil spectrograph at the SAO (Russia) 6 m telescope. The morphological structure of the galaxy in emission lines and in continuum, the velocity field of the ionized gas, and [OIII]/H ratio distribution along the NW component have been investigated. Besides the NW and SE HII components, we find a population of small HII regions. Continuum maps show that the peaks of the stellar light distribution are displaced with respect to the emission lines maxima. the velocity field shows peculiar motions superposed on an approximately regular background implying solid body rotation. Emission line profiles exhibit an asymmetric structure, except for the NW compact component. The [OIII]/H ratio decreases from the center of the NW component to its edge with the gradient of 1.86 kpc^–1.Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 602–615, October–December, 1995.     

French-Armenian scientific cooperation on study of some HII-regions with cigale

The results of the scientific cooperation between astronomers of the Byurakan and Marseille observatories on the study of diffuse matter in the Galaxy are presented.H -emission is discovered in the direction of h and x Per. Fabry-Perot observations of three HII-regions, Sh2-152, 153, and 106, show the expansion of the diffuse matter relative to the exciting stars. In the Sh2-106 region a probable jet is found. It is shown that in star forming regions the diffuse matter takes part in expansion motions together with stars.Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 559–564, October–December, 1995.