四川盆地威远气田碳酸盐岩中有机包裹体研究

本文通过对威远、资阳地区上震旦统碳酸盐岩储集层中有机包裹体的研究,提出有机包裹体多分布于储层孔洞缝中所充填的三期矿物中,研究区油气运移的主要通道是溶蚀孔洞和裂缝。并根据不同期次充填矿物中有机包裹体特征、均一温度及单个有机包裹体成分,追索了研究区油气热演化程度、油气运移期次、油气运移的深度和温度。研究结果表明,研究区存在三次主要的油气运移和聚集,其各自演化的程度及油气运移的深度和温度皆不同。     

大气降尘收集方法及相关问题研究

降尘监测是探索大气降尘对环境的影响和生态效应评估不可缺少的手段之一。根据集尘容器内同定降尘介质的不同，目前常用的收集方法分为干法、湿法和玻璃球法3种。在实际监测中，每种方法都有不同的研究者采用，3种方法的收集效率也有一定的差别。研究表明，干法的集尘效率为湿法的73％和玻璃球法的95％；玻璃球法的集尘效率为湿法的77％。3种方法的集尘量之间具有良好的线性关系，可以依此进行数据的转换。不同的收集容器会对集尘效率产生影响，其测量精度也不相同。另外，这3种收集方法不能很好地区别干沉降和湿沉降过程，应该加以改进。因此，采用统一的标准开展大气降尘的合作研究很有必要。     

STUDY ON APPLICATIONS OF C-BAND DUAL LINEAR POLARIZATION RADAR IN METEOROLOGY

Theoretical study and development of a dual linear polarization weather radar in China are briefly presented.Also discussed are the potential uses of the new radar system in improving the accuracy of areal rainfall measure-ments and analysing the spacial structure of storms and distribution of hydrometecrs in clouds based on theradar observational data from the field experimcnts during the summers of 1987—1989. The results indicatethat a C-band dual polarization weather radar, after considering the microwave attenuation correction, may beemployed to quantitatively measure rainfall and to monitor heavy rain and flood events and becomes an impor-rant means to study storm structure.     

新构造运动在塔里木盆地演化中作用

在第四纪以来的新构造运动的影响下,塔里木盆地逐渐向封闭的干旱盆地演化。由于波动式的新构造运动在每阶段表现的形式有差异,因而盆地的演化也相应表现出明显的阶段性。该盆地新构造运动大致经历了上新世末—早更新世、早更新世末—中更新世以及晚更新世三个阶段,其中以早更新世末的一次构造运动对盆地的地貌影响最大。新构造运动是由印度板块和欧亚板块挤压引起的,故塔里木盆地与青藏高原的演化阶段在时间上大致吻合。     

海底热水活动与海相富有机质层形成的关系——以华北新元古界青白口系下马岭组为例

对华北新元古界青白口系下马岭组富有机质层段的常量元素、微量元素和有机质含量进行了系统分析，其基本特征是富有机质沉积层段的SiO2含量明显高于泥质岩中的含量，SiO2含量与TOC成正相关系，与TiO2含量成反比，Si／(Si Al Fe)比值与TOC成正相关关系；与海底热水流体活动有关的P、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、V等元素含量明显富集，Ba／Sr比值远远大于1，且与TOC之间成正相关关系。在下马岭组剖面上，从Qb1x^3向上纹层～薄层状硅质岩夹层蹭多，有机质含量也开始急剧增高。地质地球化学特征表明，在下马岭组富有机质沉积层段形成时，盆地拉张沉降作用强烈，海底热水活动与之紧密相伴，而且海底热水流体活动是导致该富有机质沉积层段形成的主要原因。     

祁连山地震带两次中强地震前的加卸载响应比异常

研究了祁连山地震带两次中强地震前的加卸载响应比异常特征，讨论了基于天然地震序列的样本条件对加卸载响应比计算结果的影响，提出处理序列中4．0级以上地震的新方法。     

调整触发检测参数的图形界面工具

介绍一个图形化的调整触发检测算法参数的实用工具软件。其操作简单,检测结果直观,并用该工具软件得到了一些初步结果,他是提高检测效果有效的辅助软件工具。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIATION IN SURFACE ALBEDO AND SNOW FORCING OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

The combination of field experiments and satellite observations is the fundamental way tounderstand the characteristics of spatial-temporal variation in surface albedo over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau. Under the condition without snow cover, the relatively regular annualvariation cycle of the surface albedo can be expressed by an empirical formula. The effect of snowcover on the surface albedo in winter can be expressed by introducing two variables of snow forcingand sensitivity parameter. The existing satellite retrieved results of surface albedo may provide thedigital grid data for describing the geographical distribution. However, some satellite retrievedsurface albedos available over the Tibetan Plateau are obviously too low in winter. Taking thesatellite derived results in summer as the background field representative of geographicaldistribution and combining the empirical formula of annual cycle based on the surface observations,a dynamic model of surface albedo is developed for the need of modeling the climatic influence ofthe underlying surface forcing of the Tibetan Plateau.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SNOW MASS VARIATIONS IN CHINA OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS

Daily snow data for 2300 climate stations covering the period from 1951 through 1980 have been used to monitorand diagnose secular variations,year-to-year fluctuations,and the spatial characteristics of snow variation trends inChina.An examination of time series reveals that there is a strong teleconnction to ENSO,to major volcanic eruptions,as well as to the CO_2-induced warming.The country-wide snow mass variations are positively correlated with globalmean temperature,increasing during the current warming period and decreasing during the recent cooling period priorto the mid 1960s.A synchronous relationship exists between El Nino/Southern Oscillation and snowy winter in China.The year-to-year snow fluctuations seem to be generally out of phase with volcanic activity.The anomaly map showsthat snow mass increased in high altitudes and moist regions,while it decreased in arid lowland and the southern bounda-ry zone during the warming period.The potential CO_2-induced changes in snow mass will further aggravate the regionaldifferentiation between high mountains and lowlands,between moist and arid regions.The number of snow cover dayswill decrease in the northern lowlands,and snowfall will increase in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,high mountains,andthe lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.     

ANALYSIS OF CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS IN MESOSCALE STORM IN BELIING AREA

The research indicates that there is a positive correlation between the negative CG flash rate and the area of radarecho with its reflectivity being equal to or greater than 30 dBz in the mesoscale convective system in Beijing area.A max-imum of the positive CG flash rate exists at both the initial and the dissipating stages.The CG flashes are usually locatednear but not within the high reflectivity center.The negative flashes are associated with.the positions of the updraft re-gion,and with the regions of wind convergence and wind shear.Generally,the negative CG flashes are concentrative andthe positive ones are dispersive.